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1.
Lígia Maria Crubelati Bulla Julio Cesar Polonio Ana Luiza de Brito Portela-Castro Vanessa Kava João Lúcio Azevedo João Alencar Pamphile 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(2):88
The current study investigates the potential for discolouration and degradation of Reactive Blue 19 and Reactive Black 5 textile dyes by endophytic fungi Phlebia sp. and Paecilomyces formosus as well as the potential cytotoxicity of products or by-products generated by the treatments in fish erythrocytes. It was observed at 30 days that both endophytes showed biodegradation activity with 0.1 g mL?1 of dyes. P. formosus showed highest extracellular and intracellular protein content levels after the 15th day, and Phlebia sp. stands out for production of extracellular laccase, indicating that this enzyme may be associated with the decolouration capacity. The dyes showed toxic effects in fishes at 0.01 g mL?1 concentration, resulting in the appearance of micronuclei in erythrocyte cells. When degraded dyes treated by endophytes were tested, the frequency of micronuclei reduced approximately 20%, indicating the effectiveness of these endophytic in the treatment of textile dyes with less environmental impact, thus indicating a potential for application of these fungi in bioremediation process. 相似文献
2.
Yara Khairallah Tarek Houri Bilal Osta Dany Romanos Georges Haddad 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(6):354
Protected areas decrease degrading natural ecosystems due to pollution such as air pollution. In 1981, the inhabitants founded Bentael natural reserve in Byblos, Lebanon, to secure their region against urbanization projects, like the recently constructed road that threatens the biodiversity of the reserve. This study was conducted to determine the oxidative stress resulting from this pollution and that menaces 360 floral species among them a rare species “Urginea maritima.” In this research, the biomonitoring approach was experienced to assess the oxidative stress. Biomonitoring possesses has the advantage to be low cost and a constructive method to generate valuable data for further examinations. The studied parameters were air pollutants, ascorbic acid, photosynthetic pigments, leave’s pH, relative water content, proline, carbohydrates, and hydrogen peroxide, in three chosen spots, near the pollution source (P1), opposite the latter spot (P2), and in an area relatively far from the source of contamination and which was chosen as the control site (Ctrl). The results showed in P1 detection of air pollutants higher of about 80% than in Ctrl, modifications in stress markers: increased concentration of the reactive oxygen species “hydrogen peroxide,” rise in the concentration of the osmoregulator amino acid “proline,” and depletion in chlorophyll content, in contrast to an increase in pheophytin. All these findings can be exploited as early diagnosis of air pollution and confirmed the ability to use such biomonitor (“Urginea maritima”) as a way to assess the environmental pollution levels and consequently affirm the danger of such landscape activities on natural reserves. 相似文献
3.
Mohanty M Pattnaik MM Mishra AK Patra HK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):1015-1024
Mine waste water at South Kaliapani usually contains toxic levels of hexavalent Cr(VI). The present in situ study was conducted at South Kaliapani chromite mine area in Orissa state, India, to assess the phytoremediation ability
of three plants, namely, rice (Oryza sativa L.), paragrass (Brachiaria mutica), and an aquatic weed (Eichhornia crassipes), in attenuating Cr(VI) from mine waste water and to correlate the bio-concentration factors (BCF) of Cr. Water hyacinth
(E. crassipes) showed 24% to 54% reduction whereas paragrass (B. mutica) was able to reduce 18% to 33% of Cr(VI) from mine water. This reduction was studied over a period of 100 days of plant growth.
The reduction was observed through a passage of a sum total of 2,000 sq. ft. cultivated plots and ponds separately. Reduction
in Cr(VI) content in mine water varies with plant age as well as with the distance of passage. Cr accumulation and BCF values
increased with high soil Cr levels as well as the age of plants. High BCF and transportation index (Ti) values, i.e., 10,924
and 32.09, respectively, were noted for water hyacinth. The Ti values indicated that the root-to-shoot translocation of Cr
was very high after 100 days of growth. The total accumulation rate was maximum (8.29 mg Cr kg dry biomass − 1 day − 1) in paragrass. The BCF values for roots were noted to be higher than those of leaves, stems, and grains of the 125-day-old
plants. Hence, paragrass and water hyacinth may be used as tools of phytoremediation to combat the problem of in situ Cr contamination. 相似文献
4.
C. Joon Chuah Esther K. H. Tan Rasana W. Sermswan Alan D. Ziegler 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(6):287
In our analysis of 136 water samples from wetland environments (rice paddies, natural wetland sites, man-made water bodies) in rural areas of North-East Thailand, Burkholderia pseudomallei was most prevalent in rice paddies (15 of the 30 positive sites). The high prevalence in the water of rice fields is indicative of the inherent vulnerability of farmers in rural agricultural areas in this area of Thailand and likely other locations in the tropics. Nearly all B. pseudomallei-positive sites were found within the vicinity of a large wetland associated with the Chi River, in the month of July 2014. Positive samples were found in water ranging in pH from 5.9 to 8.7, salinity ranging from 0.04 to 1.58 ppt, nitrate ranging from 0 to 10.8 ppm, and iron ranging from 0.003 to 1.519 ppm. Of these variables, only iron content was statistically higher in B. pseudomallei-positive versus B. pseudomallei-negative sites, suggesting that increasing concentrations of iron may encourage the growth of this bacterium, which is responsible for melioidosis. Our results, when combined with data from other published studies, support the notion that B. pseudomallei can exist in a wide range of environmental conditions. Thus, we argue that health safety education is a more appropriate means of addressing farmer vulnerability than chemical or physical alterations to fields at large scales. Further, it may be important to investigate melioidosis through transdisciplinary approaches that consider the complex social and ecological contexts in which the disease occurs. 相似文献
5.
The oxides of nitrogen—NO
x
(NO and NO2)—are an important constituent of the troposphere. The availability of relatively higher spatial (0.25° grid) and temporal
(daily) resolution data from ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) onboard Aura helps us to better differentiate between the point
sources such as thermal power plants from large cities and rural areas compared to previous sensors. The annual and seasonal
(summer and winter) distributions shows very high mean tropospheric NO2 in specific pockets over India especially over the Indo-Gangetic plains (up to 14.2 × 1015 molecules/cm2). These pockets correspond with the known locations of major thermal power plants. The tropospheric NO2 over India show a large seasonal variability that is also observed in the ground NO2 data. The multiple regression analysis show that the influence of a unit of power plant (in gigawatts) over tropospheric
NO2 (×1015 molecules/cm2) is around ten times compared to a unit of population (in millions) over India. The OMI data show that the NO2 increases by 0.794 ± 0.12 (×1015 molecules/cm2; annual) per GW compared to a previous estimate of 0.014 (×1015 molecules/cm2) over India. The increase of tropospheric NO2 per gigawatt is found to be 1.088 ± 0.18, 0.898 ± 0.14, and 0.395 ± 0.13 (×1015 molecules/cm2) during winter, summer, and monsoon seasons, respectively. The strong seasonal variation is attributed to the enhancement
or suppression of NO2 due to various controlling factors which is discussed here. The recent increasing trend (2005–2007) over rural thermal power
plants pockets like Agori and Korba is due to recent large capacity additions in these regions. 相似文献
6.
N. Pourang M. Lamehi Rachti H. R. Moazami P. Ghavam Mostafavi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(7):431
The potential use of different hard and soft parts (otolith, scale, eye lens, dorsal spine, vertebral bone, muscle, and liver) of Rutilus kutum for biomonitoring of 13 major and trace elements (Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn) was evaluated, for the first time. The specimens were sampled from three sampling sites in the Southern Caspian Sea in May 2016. Twenty specimens were collected from each site. The elements’ concentrations in the samples were measured by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). In all the hard tissues, except for eye lens, Ca was the most abundant element, whereas Fe was among the least abundant elements. The orders of element occurrence in the two soft tissues were largely similar. Ca, Fe, S, Cl, and K could be detected in all the selected tissues, while Br was detectable only in otolith. Minor similarities among the tissues were identified in the case of eye lens (concerning P, S, and Zn) and liver (in terms of Cl, Fe, and K), whereas, in the case of Sr and Ca, otolith shows the maximum distance. In general, it can be concluded that all the studied hard parts, except for eye lens, may offer alternatives for biomonitoring of Ca, Cl, Fe, K, and S in the southern Caspian Sea. The scales and spines represent a potential non-lethal alternative to the other hard parts. 相似文献
7.
This comment highlights a whole series of datasets on thallium concentrations in the environment that were overlooked in the recent review by Karbowska, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188, 640, 2016 in this journal. Geochemical surveys carried out over the last few decades all over the world at various scales and using different sampling media have reported the concentration of thallium (and dozens more elements) in tens of thousands of samples. These datasets provide a ‘real-world’ foundation upon which source apportionment investigations can be based, monitoring programs devised and modelling studies designed. Furthermore, this comment also draws attention to two global geochemical mapping initiatives that should be of interest to environmental scientists. 相似文献