不同土壤腐蚀性评价方法对接地网腐蚀判断的比较及差异性分析

采用多项指标综合评价法和埋片失重法分别对变电站土壤进行腐蚀性评价,比较评价结果并分析产生差异的原因;对不同性质的土壤选择适当的土壤腐蚀性评价方法提出指导性建议。     

单液型酸性铜蚀刻液的循环再生与铜回收新工艺开发

PCB生产过程中的蚀刻液在使用后会产生大量的铜废水,若直接排放不仅会造成严重的资源浪费,还会带来严重的环境污染。因此,对蚀刻液进行循环再生及铜回收是一项节约成本、降低污染的措施。传统的蚀刻液循环再生及铜回收工艺一般采用双液型酸性蚀刻液,且工艺回收利用效果不足,资源浪费严重。本工艺设计采用单液型酸性蚀刻液作为生产线蚀刻液,利用隔膜电解技术对废蚀刻液进行循环再生及铜回收,通过对生产线中ORP值(氧化还原电位)和铜含量比重进行监控,对不同ORP值废蚀刻液进行电解处理和调配,可直接循环再生回到生产线形成再生液。该项工艺设计中设定蚀刻液的工作ORP值为480～600 mv,铜含量比重为1.25～1.35。通过实验检测提铜处理前的蚀刻液铜含量为55 050 mg/kg,提铜处理后的蚀刻液铜含量为7 551 mg/kg,铜回收率达到86.28%。该工艺不仅有效提高了工作效率和废液循环再生利用,降低环境污染,而且具有重要的理论与应用价值。     

离子交换树脂法处理含铜废水的研究进展

介绍了离子交换树脂在处理不同类型的含铜废水中的应用,列举了络合铜废水、游离铜废水及多金属杂质含铜废水中适用的树脂种类及应用实例,对工业应用中存在的一些问题和对策做出总结归纳,并针对该技术的发展方向提出展望。离子交换树脂法是一种较为有效的废水处理方法,对常规浓度和低浓度的含铜废水的处理效果均较好,可将废水有效资源化利用。     

喀斯特山区燃煤电厂土壤重金属污染评价

选取地处贵州省喀斯特山区的金沙电厂为研究对象,对电厂周围的表层土壤、蔬菜(莲花白)试样的重金属含量进行了测定,采用模糊数学法对土壤重金属污染进行了评价,采用富集系数法分析了莲花白对重金属的富集能力。实验结果表明:电厂周围表层土壤中Hg,As,Cd,Pb,Cu的平均含量分别达0.70,26.40,0.61,44.83,35.51 mg/kg,其中,Hg和Cd的平均含量分别为GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》中二级标准的1.40和2.03倍;电厂周围土壤受到较为严重的Hg,As,Cd污染,各个方向的重金属污染程度大小顺序为西北西东南西南东北东,总体趋势为西向大于东向;莲花白对土壤中Cd的富集作用较强,对其他重金属的富集作用较弱。     

甘肃典型地区电力接地网腐蚀规律与防腐对策研究

根据甘肃省地域气候、环境状况特点,选取典型变电站进行土壤理化性能测试,评价土壤的腐蚀性,并根据金属试片埋片失重法进行腐蚀速率及腐蚀性评价的验证,提出典型地区设计、施工、运营时的防腐措施。     

直接电解回收覆铜板废料上的铜

覆铜板边角料是废弃线路板的一种,通过设计合理的电解工艺制度,对覆铜板废料上金属锡和铜进行退除.该方法无需破碎,可直接电解覆铜板废料,同时退除板上的金属锡和铜,并直接回收得到阴极电解铜产品.该方法与处理废弃线路板常用的机械物理法和化学酸浸法相比,具有成本低、能耗低、操作简单等优势.     

施粉煤灰农田和作物的铜,钼,硒,钴和铍含量变化及影响评价

铜、钼、硒是钴是动植物和人体必需的微量元素，参与许多重要的生理新陈代谢过程，绝大多数植物对这些元素的忍受性也较强。粉煤灰中的这四种元素含量均较对照的高，但受土壤ｐＨ值和有机质含量等的影响，施灰田作物中这四种元素未有异常富集。     

城市变电站对电磁环境的影响探讨

对近年来南京市区投入运行的220kV和110kV变电站周围电磁场强进行了调查和测量分析.结果表明,户内型变电站(电缆进出)对周围电磁环境的影响要明显小于户外型变电站(架空进线)对周围电磁环境的影响,户内型变电站(电缆进出)对周围电磁环境基本无影响.     

化学镀铜废液的处理方法

该发明涉及降解化学镀铜废液中的有机污染物并回收正磷酸盐的一种化学镀铜废液处理方法。通过氧化方法将化学镀铜废液中的有机污染物氧化分解,同时把废液中的次磷酸根和亚磷酸根氧化成正磷酸根,正磷酸根与废液中的铜离子产生化学反     

万山汞矿区土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析

以万山汞矿区土壤为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪测定土壤中的重金属含量,分别运用内梅罗综合污染指数（NPI）法和潜在生态风险指数（RI）法评价土壤重金属污染和潜在生态风险,并应用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对土壤重金属来源进行分析。结果表明：土壤Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn出现不同程度累积,分别达贵州省背景值的263.61、2.31、1.28、2.11、1.70、1.01和3.52倍;土壤重金属平均NPI为188.00,属于严重污染水平,Hg是主要污染因子;土壤重金属平均RI为10 655.70,属于极强潜在生态风险水平,Hg是主要潜在生态风险因子;土壤中Cu、Ni、Cr主要源于自然活动,As、Pb、Zn主要源于燃煤和交通运输污染,Cd主要源于农业污染,Hg主要源于汞冶炼污染。     

废铜催化剂的综合利用

研究了以湿法回收利用废铜催化剂中的铜、锌制取氧化亚铜和氧化锌的原理以及最佳工艺条件。该工艺可同槽进行浸取、蒸氨、还原、中和水解等操作,生产成本低,产品质量好,工艺过程中无三废排放,具有很好的综合效益。     

The contemporary copper cycle of Asia

A regional stock and flow model for an industrial metal was developed based on the substance-flow framework. Using this model, the contemporary copper cycle of the Asian region was constructed by aggregating country-level production and import and export data for different stages of the copper cycle. The reliability and availability of data were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Asia as a region is a net importer of copper. There is a significant build-up of copper in use at a rate of nearly 3TgCu/year. The per capita generation of copper waste (0.4kgCu/(capita-year)) and the rate of secondary recovery of copper are low compared with Europe and North America. Japan's rates of use, waste generation, and recycling of copper are all much larger than the continental average. A tremendous potential exists in the region to utilize the copper content of the in-use reservoir, and subsequently to enhance copper recycling rates in the future. A set of metrics for the copper cycle is suggested in order to address sustainability issues related to resource policy and the environmental management of copper.     

Scenarios for reducing copper smelting-related atmospheric mercury emissions through copper recycling and mercury removal technologies in major countries

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Smelting of copper, a crucially important resource, releases small amounts of mercury into the atmosphere, thereby endangering people and the...     

Processing of copper converter slag for metal reclamation. Part I: Extraction and recovery of copper and cobalt.

Clean processing of copper converter slag to reclaim cobalt and copper could be a challenge. An innovative and environmentally sound approach for recovering valuable metals from such a slag has been developed in the present study. Curing the slag with strong sulphuric acid, without re-smelting or roasting as practiced currently in the industry, render it accessible to leaching, and more than 95% of cobalt and up to 90% of copper was extracted together with iron by water leaching, leaving silica behind in a residue. The copper in the leach liquor was recovered by cementation with iron and the dissolved iron crystallized as ferrous sulphate monohydrate. The cobalt in the mother-liquor rich in iron was recovered by either cementation or sulphide precipitation. Operation variables in the new process were also investigated and optimized.     

极谱法测定水和污水中的铜

采用JP-2型示波极谱仪在醋酸-醋酸钠底液中测定水和污水中铜的含量,具有灵敏度高、检出限低的优点.     

Recovery of copper from contaminated soil by flushing

In this work the development of a process for the recovery of copper from contaminated industrial soils is presented. Experimental tests on a standard soil contaminated with a solution of copper chloride were carried out. The metal was extracted from the contaminated soil by flushing with a 0.1 M aqueous solution of an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) sodium salt. A maximum copper extraction efficiency of about 60% was observed. Copper was then separated from the extracted solution by precipitation with sodium hydroxide after addition of ferric sulfate.     

Recovery of copper and cobalt from ancient slag.

About 2.5 million tonnes of copper smelter slag are available in Küre, northern part of Turkey. This slag contains large amounts of metallic values such as copper and cobalt. A representative slag sample containing 0.98% Cu, 0.49% Co and 51.47% Fe was used in the experimental studies. Two different methods, direct acid leaching and acid baking followed by hot water leaching were used for recovering Cu and Co from the slag. The effects of leaching time, temperature and acid concentration on Cu- and Co-dissolving efficiencies were investigated in the direct acid leaching tests. The optimum leaching conditions were found to be a leaching time of 2 h, acid concentration of 120 g L(-1), and temperature of 60 degrees C. Under these conditions, 78% Cu and 90% Co were extracted. In the acid baking + hot water leaching tests, 74% Co was dissolved after 1 h of roasting at 200 degrees C using a 3:1 acid:slag ratio, whereas the Cu-dissolving efficiency was 79% and the total slag weight loss was approximately 50%.     

Processing of copper anodic-slimes for extraction of valuable metals

This work focuses on processing of anodic slimes obtained from an Egyptian copper electrorefining plant. The anodic slimes are characterized by high concentrations of copper, lead, tin and silver. The proposed hydrometallurgical process consists of two leaching stages for the extraction of copper (H(2)SO(4)-O(2)) and silver (thiourea-Fe3+), and pyrometallurgical treatment of the remaining slimes for production of Pb-Sn soldering alloy. Factors affecting both the leaching and smelting stages were studied.