黄河三角洲外来入侵物种米草对滩涂昆虫的影响

2005年5,8,10月份对黄河三角洲无棣岔尖、东营市五号桩、小清河口米草分布区与土著植物芦苇分布区的昆虫作了调查,并辅以2003年同期调查资料,结果表明：米草分布区共鉴定出昆虫9种,芦苇分布区鉴定出49种,是米草分布区昆虫种数的5．4倍,米草分布区昆虫种数明显少于芦苇分布区,且优势类群存在很大差异,米草入侵对昆虫的结构、组成与多样性产生了影响。     

23年前后南充市郊鸟类资源的变化

1985年9月～1986年8月我们对南充市郊鸟类进行了调查统计。调查线路从市北部嘉陵江江面起,西经河漫滩、一二级阶地、丘陵宽谷至丘顶,全长约7km。为期1年,分2段同时进行,时速2km,每周统计1次,记录左右视野内看到和听到的鸟类,并辅以望远镜观察。调查结果表明,23年后各生态带及整个统计区的鸟类发生了明显的变化,种类趋于减少。南充市郊区鸟类的变化统计为,鸟类110种,隶属12目31科。较23年前的121种,隶属12目32科,减少3科29种,新出现2科18种。     

查干淖尔生态治理恢复期鸟类调查分析

鸟类是自然环境好坏的重要指示物种。为了解查干淖尔生态治理后的环境效果,2014年8月采用实地调查、文献调查、访谈调查等方法对查干淖尔生态治理效果及其鸟类分布等进行了调查。结果表明,2008年＂查干淖尔干湖盆治理项目＂启动后,鸟类数量逐年增加,查干淖尔生态环境逐步得以恢复。调查期间,共记录到鸟类112种,隶属于17目32科。     

成都市外来入侵物种调查研究

对成都市外来入侵物种的种类、数量、分布和危害进行了调查,初步发现有蔗扁蛾(香蕉蛾)Opogona sacchari(Bojer)、大瓶螺(福寿螺、苹果螺、雪螺)Pomacea canaliculata Spix、空心莲子草(水花生、喜旱莲子草)Altertian-thera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb、凤眼莲(水葫芦、凤眼蓝)Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)Solms、牛蛙Rana cntesbei-ana Shaw等.提出了引入扩散原因及危害分析、防除方法,近期可能入侵成都市的外来物种,防治外来入侵物种工作存在的问题.     

现代玻璃建筑是全球飞鸟的最大杀手

美国宾夕法尼亚州穆伦贝尔格大学的鸟类专家丹尼尔·克伦穆在经过了20年的调查研究后估计,仅在北美每年就有1000万到10亿的鸟儿因为撞上玻璃窗而死亡。克伦穆指出,全世界至少有556种鸟类,或者已知鸟类的6%,已经有过撞死于玻璃上的遭遇。在北美,这个数字是225,或者是所有种类的1/4。生活在人类周围的普通禽鸟是最经常的受害者,比如黑眼草雀,美国知更鸟、蜡翅鸟,还有一些画眉。稀有品种也不能免遭惨祸,2003年,澳大利亚2000只残留的快速鹦鹉(swiftparrot)中的30只死于“玻璃凶杀”事件。由此,他提出了“鸟类友好建筑”思想,强调对建筑物的玻璃…     

武汉市马鞍山森林公园夏季鸟类资源及其评价

2005年4—10月调查了武汉市马鞍山森林公园的夏季鸟类资源,共记录鸟类55种,隶属11目24科,其中夏候鸟15种,占27.27%;留鸟40种,占72.73%。有国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类5种,国家保护的有益或有重要经济、科研价值的鸟类43种,湖北省重点保护鸟类23种。对公园夏季鸟类资源进行了评价,并提出了管理建议。     

黄河三角洲湿地环境评价及生态影响

通过对黄河三角洲湿地地区主要河流的调查,并对其2002年和2017年的水文水质进行监测比较。河流断面监测结果表明,黄河三角洲上7条河流水质全部遭受污染,其中神仙沟、小清河、淄河、广利河达严重污染,但随着时间的推进,水质日益好转。黄河三角洲环境污染对湿地生态环境和生态系统组成及稳定性造成了重大影响,主要表现在:因环境污染而导致生境的破坏;因生境破坏或污染物毒害而引起生物多样性破坏;因生境、生物多样性破坏等综合因素引起的生态结构破坏及功能丧失。     

黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区被列为国家级保护区

位于河南省卫辉市与延津县接壤的大沙河地段和封丘县的黄河背河洼地滩涂地带的河南豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区，1996年被国务院批准为国家级自然保护区。这是目前河南省唯一的一个国家级湿地鸟类自然保护区。该自然保护区总面积为2478公顷。保护区内滩涂广阔，草林茂盛，有各类植物700余种，是鸟类栖，包繁衍的良好场所。据报道，该自然保护区内共有白天鹅、白鹤、鸳鸯等129种鸟类，其中被列为国家重点保护的鸟类有34种，属国家一级重．权保护的鸟类7种，二级重点保护的鸟类27种。另有河南省确定的重点保护鸟类7种，中日和中澳政府签订…     

《国家重点保护野生植物名录（第一批）》1999年8月4日国务院批准

巨柏 裸子植物 柏科 国家二级保护野生植物 巨柏是1974年在西藏东部发现的一种特有植物,分布区狭窄。现有林木的年龄多在百年以上,其中有些是千年古树。常绿大乔本,高25—45米,胸径达1—3米,树皮条状纵裂;生鳞叶的枝排列紧密,常呈四棱形。分布区地处印度洋潮湿季风沿雅鲁藏布江河谷西进的路迳,但强度已减弱,而西部高原干旱气流的影响却逐渐占优势。     

金湖银河观鸟

<正>我们所处的黄河三角洲湿地,鸟类资源丰富,珍稀濒危鸟类众多。有幸生活在这里,我当然不能辜负了这么大好的观鸟资源。于是,星期天上午,我追随着"根与芽"绿色的足迹,寻找鸟儿身影。我们来到紧临辛安水源的一片不知名的水域,这里紧靠公路,但是离居民区大约有一公里,较为安静。这片水域也就五六间教室的大小,算得上是一个     

Projected Changes in Discharge in an Agricultural Watershed in Iowa

Our improved capability to adapt to the future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural United States Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socioeconomic impacts. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However, the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increased trends, in particular, in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a nonstationary world.     

Investment in human capital in Africa

Summary The author analyses the problems currently faced by the African continent, recognises six factors which he believes are important in influencing the analysis, and argues that the only secure, renewable asset any country or continent has, is its people. He maintains that people development, rather than the classical economic forms of encouraging development, offers Africa a viable way forward. He then identifies a number of specific issues within such a strategy of investment in human capital.Brian Walker is the President of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), and this address was given at the inaugural meeting of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless, in London, on 18th April, 1985. A second, earlier, associated address was published inThe Environmentalist 5(3) 167–170.     

Pesticides in rain in four agricultural watersheds in the United States

Rainfall samples were collected during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons at four agricultural locales across the USA in Maryland, Indiana, Nebraska, and California. The samples were analyzed for 21 insecticides, 18 herbicides, three fungicides, and 40 pesticide degradates. Data from all sites combined show that 7 of the 10 most frequently detected pesticides were herbicides, with atrazine (70%) and metolachlor (83%) detected at every site. Dacthal, acetochlor, simazine, alachlor, and pendimethalin were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and diazinon were the only insecticides among the 10 most frequently detected compounds. Of the remaining pesticide parent compounds, 18 were detected in fewer than 30% of the samples, and 13 were not detected. The most frequently detected degradates were deethylatrazine; the oxygen analogs (OAs) of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion; and 1-napthol (degradate of carbaryl). Deethylatrazine was detected in nearly 70% of the samples collected in Maryland, Indiana, and Nebraska but was detected only once in California. The OAs of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were detected primarily in California. Degradates of the acetanilide herbicides were rarely detected in rain, indicating that they are not formed in the atmosphere or readily volatilized from soils. Herbicides accounted for 91 to 98% of the total pesticide mass deposited by rain except in California, where insecticides accounted for 61% in 2004. The mass of pesticides deposited by rainfall was estimated to be less than 2% of the total applied in these agricultural areas.     

Environmental assessment in countries in transition: evolution in a changing context

Over the last fifteen years, Environmental Assessment systems of transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have undergone dramatic change from appraisals integrated into centrally planned economies to formal procedures aimed to ensure interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts and linked to publicly accountable decision-making. In most Central European nations, EA systems have been radically reformed to approximate the procedures used in developed countries, particularly in the European Union. In contrast, EA in most of the former Soviet republics has been reformed more gradually and is still based on the so-called State Environmental Review procedure inherited from the USSR and substantially different from 'Western' EA. About one-third of the transitional countries (in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia) have, so far, failed to establish functioning EA systems. Throughout the region, there has been a gap between EA legislation and practice, especially concerning interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts, public participation, and utilisation of EA findings in decision-making. A key driving force in the reform of EA systems has been the change in their societal context, the so-called 'process of transition'. Three main policy agendas--environmental protection, reforms of decision-making, and conforming to international requirements--along with the institutional context of EA regulations and practice have influenced both the change of EA systems over time and the regional variations in the patterns of their evolution. This study suggests that an effective reform of an EA system should be context-sensitive, or be 'in gear' with the political and economic transition. Future EA research should consider their changing societal contexts and focused on practical effects of applying EA procedures.     

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术研究进展

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术已得到了广泛关注.本文从电极材料与应用,电极结构及反应器形状,以及与其它处理方法联用等综述了最新研究进展,并在此基础上总结出了电催化氧化技术今后的发展方向.     

Community-company relations in gold mining in Ghana

As a result of Structural Adjustment Programme from the 1980s, many developing countries have experienced an increase in resource extraction activities by international and transnational corporations. The work reported here examines the perceived impacts of gold mining at the community level in the Wassa West District of Ghana, Africa and discusses those perceived impacts in the context of globalization processes and growing multinational corporate interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Interview data compared community members' perceptions with those of company representatives in three communities. The results indicate that communities held companies responsible for a series of economic, social, and environmental changes. While recognizing some of the benefits brought by the mines, communities felt that the companies did not live up to their responsibility to support local development. Companies responded by denying, dismissing concerns, or shifting blame. Findings from this work show that lack of engagement and action by government agencies at all levels resulted in companies acting in a surrogate governmental capacity. In such situations, managing expectations is key to community-company relations.     

Sustainability Appraisal in neighbourhood planning in England

The preparation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inclusive sustainability appraisals (SAs) for neighbourhood plans (NPs) in England may be required when significant environmental effects are expected to arise from an NP. In this paper, we report on the result of a Ph.D. project, conducted between 2012 and 2015, in which all 15 NP SEA inclusive SAs that had been completed at the time were evaluated. In this context, the quality of SA practice was found to differ substantially. SAs were prepared either ‘in-house’ (i.e. by neighbourhood planning steering groups) or by consultants. The quality of SAs was found to be associated with their overall perceived degree of influence on the underlying NPs. Whilst the focus of this paper is on practice in England, findings are expected to be of interest to a wider international audience, in particular to those experimenting with voluntary neighbourhood/local level plan SA/SEA.     

Private participation in isolated grids in Mozambique

This article presents a case study from Mozambique of the electrification of two selected towns under a World Bank financed project. Low-cost electricity services were extended to the two isolated areas after an enabling framework had been created for private sector participation. The World Bank project also demonstrates that the private sector can be attracted to participate in rural electrification schemes even in a poor country. The example shown in this article is one of the few of its kind in SubSaharan Africa.     

我国城市生态评价研究进展

城市建设带来了越来越多的生态环境问题,生态城市建设是解决这些问题的良好途径。生态城市的建设要有一定的评价体系作为支撑,本文综述了国内基于AHP方法建立的应用较为广泛的城市生态评价体系和方法,并对国内城市生态评价的现状做了分析。