环境污染事故报告率低原因析

环境污染事故是指违反环境保护法规的经济、社会活动与行为，及意外因素的影响致使环境受到污染。国家重点保护的野生动植物、自然保护区受到损失．人体健康受到危害，社会经济与人民财产受到损失，造成不良影响的突发性事件。我国《环境保护法础文规定：因发生事故或其他突发性事件．造成或者可能造成污染事故的单位．应向当地环境保护行政主管部门和有关部门报告．接受调查处理。《水污染防治法实施细则》相大气污染防治法实施细则》均规定，造成污染事故的单位．必须在事故发生后《H小时内一向当地环境保护部门做出事故发生的时间、地点…     

怎样清除体内污染

怎样清除体内污染人们常患一些疾病如癌症、过敏和一些使身体机能衰退的疾病，均与人体组织器官受到各种污染有关。那么，怎样才能清除体内污染呢？常饮鲜果、鲜菜汁（不经炒煮）。鲜果、鲜菜汁是体内的“清洁剂”，它们能解除体内堆积的毒素和废物。因为当多量鲜果汁或鲜...     

劳动力价格上涨对商品林林种结构的影响及其约束研究

林种结构优化关系到国家生态安全与木材安全，是推进“双碳”目标实现的重要内容。基于1995—2018年中国30个省份的面板数据，在考虑要素相对价格与产品相对市场容量的约束下，采用门限回归模型实证分析了劳动力价格上涨对商品林林种结构的影响。结果表明：(1)劳动力价格上涨对商品林林种结构的影响显著受到要素相对价格或产品相对市场容量的约束，其约束具有门限效应。(2)要素相对价格和产品相对市场容量的约束均为单一门限，当两项约束均低于其门限值时，劳动力价格上涨均会诱使用材林种植扩张，而仅当产品相对市场容量高于其门限时，劳动力价格上涨会诱使经济林种植扩张；(3)在东部、集体林区和低山丘陵林区，要素相对价格与产品相对市场容量的约束均为双重门限，且仅当两项约束分别高于其第一门限值而低于其第二门限值时，劳动力价格上涨会诱使用材林种植扩张；在西部地区两约束均为单一门限，且仅当两项约束均低于其门限时，劳动力价格上会涨诱使用材林种植扩张。     

多氯联苯及替代物毒性研究和对环境及人群健康的影响

多氯联苯（ＰＣＢＳ）具有良好的理化特性，广泛使用于电器设备行业。但是，由于它的高毒性和高残留性，对环境的污染以及对人群健康的影响已受到了人们的普遍关注。为此近期人们开发研制了一系列ＰＣＢＳ的替代物。通过研究发现数种主要的ＰＣＢＳ替代物，其毒性，蓄积性及其对环境的污染和人群健康的影响均比ＰＣＢＳ要小，是一类很有前途的新型化合物。     

网络安全中的蜜罐技术和蜜网技术

当前，网络安全正在受到严重的威胁，传统的防御技术存在其固有的被动防御的缺陷，而蜜罐技术正以其主动防御的特性受到越来越多的关注。本文说明了其在网络安全中所起到的防御作用和通过收集信息而起到的研究作用，讨论了涉及到的诱骗机制、数据控制、数据捕获和数据分析等关键技术以及实际应用中的部署方案。     

滇池污染与治理的生态学分析

从生态学角度分析了滇池富营养化形成的原因，认为滇池富营养化是滇池流域各子生态系统受到破坏所造成的结果。提出治理滇池应该用生态学的原理和方法分别修复受到破坏的各子生态系统，恢复各子生态系统的合理结构、高效功能和协调关系，并把各子生态系统整合为一个整体协调、自我维持、自我演替的滇池流域生态系统，才能最终实现滇池富营养化治理。     

绿色环保型植物抗冻剂

植物冻害是指植物在冰点以下受到低温协迫，引起植物体内结冻，使植物体受到伤害或发生死亡的现象。植物体内结冻可发生在细胞间隙及细胞内。经过锻炼的越冬植物，体内结冻一般发生在细胞间隙。由于间隙的水或水蒸汽凝结成冻，造成细胞少量失水，这时不一定引起植物死亡。当植物细胞外结冻严重、细胞大量失水时，就可造成植物冻害或死亡。     

人类对热带海岸带的影响

所有的海岸带地区正受到越来越大的人口增长压力，然而，由此赞成的环境恶化，在海面上不如在陆地上那么明显，因此，我们只是刚刚开始认识到许多海岸的浅水区已经受到的损害程度，本文综述了一些反映现状的资料，并讨论了热带浅海生境的退化问题。     

欧洲三十五国签署饮水安全协议

在最近召开的世界卫生组织第三次欧洲部长会议上，３５个欧洲国家签署了一份关于水与健康的协议草案，以便对这些国家出现的霍乱和伤寒等疾病加以控制。签署此项协议草案的国家必须在供水、水质和水治理方面达到协议设定的目标。湖泊、水道和扬水站等均在协议规定的范围之内。世界卫生组织称，在欧洲地区，有１－２亿人，也就是每７个人中就有１人缺乏安全的饮用水。协议草案规定，排放有害健康的污水是违法行为，如果某国的邻国违反了此项协议，受害国将受到法律的保护。协议草案签署后，签约各国将有两年的时间采取措施改善卫生状况，保护…     

再穷也不能开“害人矿”──柳州市整治砷制品生产纪实

曾经在中央电视台忡华环保世纪行》中予以曝光，被国家环保局确定为湖南省1996年乡镇工业环保执法检查重点的柳州市的上法炼砷，在柳州市政府不懈的努力下，经过综合整治·终于取得了可喜的成果。1996年6、9、11月‘湖南省环保局先后3次派出省环境监测中心站人员到柳州市，对现正常生产的6个定点砷制品厂进行现场监测，其结果除桂阳县定点厂对环保设施管理不善造成污染物超标外（已限令整改），其他定点厂废气外排的砷和二氧化硫均低于湖南省大气污染物排放标准，厂区周围的环境未受到明显污染危害则支到了较好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效…     

云冈石窟世界遗产地的可持续发展研究

云冈石窟于2001年被联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会列入《世界遗产名录》.介绍了云冈石窟的概况、地理条件和地质环境,总结归纳了云冈石窟的特征和杰出价值,指出了云冈石窟存在的问题,并提出促进遗产地真实性和完整性的保护对策,以推进世界遗产的可持续发展.     

洛阳佛教文化旅游资源开发刍议

佛教文化旅游是近年来的热门话题,它的实体性景观和活动性景观对旅游者来说拥有不可估量的吸引力,将佛教文化与旅游资源开发充分有效地结合起来,对促进当地的旅游经济具有极大的冲击力。洛阳拥有龙门石窟、白马寺等有着世界级名誉的佛教文化遗产,在旅游资源的开发中存在着旅游产品类型单一、旅游商品缺乏特色、夜景旅游缺乏等问题,针对出现的问题提出了一些对策性建议,这对促进佛教文化旅游资源的合理规划和开发利用具有现实的指导意义。     

SOME EFFECTS OF MAN-MADE CONTROLS IN THE UPPER REACHES OF A SMALL DRAINAGE BASIN

Governmental agencies have been instrumental in the construction of numerous dams and other control structures in the small watersheds of the State of Mississippi. Although some of the consequences are predictable, there are some effects which are not yet well defined. This paper concerns the physical effects of such works on a particular stream and its channel. As was anticipated, peak discharges appear to have been somewhat reduced. Changes in channel cross-section depend, to some extent, upon location along the stream. However, there appears to have been a narrowing of the channel in that portion of the stream for which cross-sections were available.     

宁波市再生资源行业协会发展及工作情况调研

介绍了宁波市再生资源行业协会的发展历程,及其在推动当地资源再生企业的整合、规范,建立市县二级资源再生协会、发展循环经济等方面的工作业绩。     

Incentives and regulations to reconcile conservation and development: thirty years of governance of the Sami pastoral ecosystem in Finnmark, Norway

Incentive-based mechanisms are regarded as efficient instruments to reconcile conservation and development. This win-win objective has been difficult to accomplish; cross-compliance has, therefore, been suggested as a mechanism to ensure sustainability. Cross-compliance, which requires producers to conform to production regulations and environmental standards to qualify for direct payments, has been a popular instrument in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform. Since 1990, cross-compliance has been the main characteristic of policy design in Sami reindeer husbandry in Finnmark, Norway. All direct transfers to the Sami pastoralists have been connected to harvesting demands to decrease the number of reindeer and to conserve pastures. The content of these incentive-based mechanisms are decided through negotiated agreements with the Sami Reindeer Herders' Association of Norway (NRL), and the regulation of reindeer numbers and access to pastures are delegated to co-management boards. Despite the participation of the Sami pastoralists in shaping these policies, win-win objectives have not been achieved. Although the cross-compliance program could have been improved by payment for graded results, the lack of regulations by the administration or co-management boards is more likely to be the cause of failure to reach sustainability. Despite the long-term failures of the cross-compliance program, policies have been slow to change. We might attribute this delay to the NRL's strong position in the negotiated agreements. In general, we argue that the success of the cross-compliance program depends on a well-functioning governance system that can implement regulations and sanctions if incentives do not work as intended.     

除湿机的冷凝水化学成分与空气环境质量的关系

本文采用家用除湿机作为空气水溶性物质采样器方法，并验证了该方法作为空气水溶性物质采样嚣的可行性。本文通过空气冷凝水化学成分与空气总悬浮微粒(TSP)可溶性化学成分的对比，得到水汽中大部分阴阳离子的含量只比TSP低1个数量级，而水汽中的微量元素含量与各种碳的浓度不都比TSP低，TSP中一般检测不出亚硝酸根，而水汽中则检出大量亚硝酸根。     

Soil conservation policy in the United States

Soil conservation has been a matter of federal natural resource policy for over a half century in the United States. A variety of federal programs have been undertaken to encourage soil conservation. There are goals which are essential to these programs, and there are related ancillary programs with different goals which often have had an impact on the extent to which the central soil conservation objectives have been effectively implemented. This article analyzes four aspects of federal soil conservation goals and programs: the evolution of the constellation of soil conservation goals, the problems with goal implementation, implementation effectiveness, and the appropriateness of the implementation and administration of federal goals.     

ELECTROPHORETIC WATER CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUES1

Only very recently has a limited amount of attention been focused directly on electrophoresis as a method for improving water quality. This approach has been proposed primarily as a method for removal of suspended colloidal material, although solutes can also be removed by this method. Very simply electrophoresis is defined as the movement of charged suspended particles in a dc electric field. Several electrophoretic clarification systems and techniques have been developed and evaluated primarily for removing colloidal clay from suspension. The methods should apply equally well to any negatively charged particulate matter. Design for optimal clay removal efficiency and operating cost efficiency has been based upon previous theoretical results and upon modification of the combination filter-el ectrophores is model of Bier. These systems and techniques along with the theoretical developments leading to their design are discussed. Results and conclusions are given for tests that have been concluded concerning the feasibility or practicality of these electrophoretic clarification systems for commercial use. These are viewed in light of various limiting factors such as electrical conductivity of the medium, quality of water desired, colloid concentrations and electrophoretic mobility of the suspended materials.     

Incorporating the Philosophy of Technology into Animal Welfare Assessment

Changes in attitudes towards how animals are housed in agriculture are currently under question in the public eye—particularly for laying hens. Many arguments from the rights and utilitarian viewpoints have been made for changing environmental conditions and managerial practices for animals in an effort to respect the interests of the animal and better their welfare. Yet, these arguments have been based upon belief systems that were developed from information that can be collected by human perception only. Technological advancements can facilitate animal welfare assessment by providing humans with new information about what the animal perceives. Yet, little has been discussed surrounding the thought process behind which technologies are conceived, how they are developed, and why they are implemented. Here, using the laying hen as a model, we turn to the philosophy of technology to address what role technological advancements may have in our capacity to understand animals, how technology can affect their welfare, and what role technology may play in furthering animal welfare assessment.     

饮用水中高氯酸盐污染现状与去除技术的综述

高氯酸盐作为强氧化剂,在广泛的应用中造成了严重的环境污染,并会在人体富集,当在人体内含量超过0．0007mg／kg人体体重,相当于饮用水中的浓度为24．5μg／L时,就会对健康造成影响,尤其会破环甲状腺机能。美国、日本等国已开始采取措施加强对高氯酸盐的控制,我国许多水源也受到此污染但尚未引起重视。本文分析了饮用水中高氯酸盐的物理化学性质及毒理特性,对环境的污染状况以及目前常用的去除技术,其中以生物处理和离子交换膜生物反应器较为有效。