六六六热解废渣中2,3,7,8—取代PCDDs和PCDFs的测定

采用ＨＰＬＣ和ＧＣ／ＭＳ法对六六六热解废渣中的ＰＣＤＤｓ和ＰＣＤＦｓ进行了测定，使用此种方法，于废渣中检出了所有２，３，７，８－取代的同系物。此外，还根据各ＣＤＤｓ，ＣＤＦｓ的毒性当量因子ＴＥＦｓ，计算了废渣的毒性当量ＴＥＱｓ，约为６１２－９２４μｇ／ｇ。分析表明，ＯＣＤＤ是含量最丰富的导构体，而１，２，３，４，６，７，８－ＨｐＣＤＤ，１，２，３，４，６，７，８－ＨｐＣＤＦ和１，２，３，４，７，８     

东北,内蒙古东部地区煤炭中微量元素含量及分布规律

研究了东北和内蒙东部各矿区煤炭中Ａｓ，Ｂａ，Ｂｅ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｈｇ，Ｌｉ，Ｍｎ，ＮＩ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｅ，Ｓｒ，Ｖ，Ｚｎ，Ｚｒ的含量水平及分布规律，煤炭灰分中多数含量高于克拉克值，土壤背景值及植物干物质中含量，呈富集状态，相关矩阵和聚类分析表明，煤炭中微量元素含量与基质元素有密切的依存性，由于复杂的成煤过程，煤炭中微量元素呈现独特的集散规律。     

PCDDs在氯仿溶液中的紫外光解

使用ＮＤＣ－３型化学反应仪、３００Ｗ汞灯和１５ｍｌ反应管，于４３℃进行了２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＤ，１，２，３，７，８－Ｐ５ＣＤＤ，１，２，３，４，７，８－ＨｘＣＤＤ，１，２，３，４，６，７，８－ＨｐＣＤＤ和ＯＣＤＤ在氯仿溶中的紫外光解，其一级反应速率常数测得值依次为０．５４，０．２９，０．１５，０．１５和０．１９ｍｉｎ＾－１，反应半衰期ｔ１／２均在５ｍｉｎ以内，还原脱氯是主要的光解途径，并有大量低     

刘振湘教授

刘振湘，男，1971出生，湖南耒阳人，汉族，教授，高级兽医师，中共党员，九三学社社员，湖南省高职畜牧兽医专业带头人，湖南省高等学校青年骨干教师，湖南省注册咨询专家，国家职业技能高级考评员，高级动物疫病防治员。先后担任湖南环境生物职业技术学院教务处副处长、生物工程系副主任等职务，现任生物工程系主任，兼任衡阳市畜牧兽医学会副理事长。     

开花前后变水条件对春小麦的补偿效应

在防雨棚内的盆栽实验条件下，研究了4种梯度的10种不分组合对红芒麦和宁春10号产量及耗水量等的影响。结果表明，试验期间充分灌水，轻度，中度，重度干旱处理，随着干旱程度的加剧，株高，干物质积累，产量，耗水量都逐渐减少；红芒麦灌浆期不同程度的,匀有利于产量的形成，促进物质运输，提高千粒重，同时减少水分消耗，提高WUE；孕穗期干旱处理后，灌浆期复水，会造成减产，和灌浆期相比，孕穗期是水分的敏感的时期，而灌浆期对水分亏缺不敏感，两种小麦相比较，宁春10号耗水量大，产量低，抗旱性较强，图2表2参7     

厦门市杏林区东孚镇生态环境建设的措施与效益

杏林区东孚镇位于厦门市西部，东部面临马銮湾，南北背为低山，中部相对平坦，海拔１０～２０ｍ，属南亚热带海洋性季风气候，平稳温和，阳光充足，雨量充沛，年均降雨量１５００ｍｍ，平均日照时数２１４０ｈ，平均气温２１．２℃，全年无霜期长达３４５ｄ以上，主导风向...     

从施肥和耕作制看耕地的可持续利用

加强农业基础地位，实现农业的可持续发展，是关系到国计民生的大事。耕地是农业的基础，耕地的可持续利用是农业可持续发展的关键。近年来，有些地方盲目追求经济效益，实行连年种植一种经济作物，重化肥，轻土杂肥及环境污染等因素，造成土壤酸化，肥力下降，土壤资源遭受破坏。如何保护好耕地，防止土壤退化，实现耕地的可持续利用，是农业生产中急待解决的问题。东莞市从1984年冬开始，对全市所有耕地进行分类，选取8个有代表性的土壤地力监测点，进行地力跟踪，至今已有15年。经过15年的监测，发现合理的施肥和耕作制，有利于保护土壤…     

哌嗪氨基二硫代甲酸型螯合树脂的合成及其吸附性能

用哌嗪和二硫化碳反应合成氨基二硫代甲酸中间体，再与二卤代烃反应得到1，4-双(二硫代酯基)哌嗪聚合物，考察了中间体和螯合树脂对Ag^ ，Cu^2 ，Zn^2 ，Ni^2 ，CO^2 ，Pb^2 ，Pd^2 ，Cr^3 的静态吸附性能，结果表明，两者均可以吸附金属离子，缩聚后的螯合树脂具有更强的吸附能力。     

金华生态建设

金华生态建筑（包括生态厕所）是指能够进行自身良性循环的绿色建筑物，它有三个特点，即地下设有沼气净化池，屋顶覆土种植或养殖和墙体垂直绿化，并具有节土，节水，节能和生态，经济，社会三大效益协调统一的两大优点，目前，已经在城乡得到初步应用，实践表明，政府在生态建筑的推广中发挥着重要作用，同时，生态建筑的推广还是一项长期的任务，需要坚持不懈地努力，不断完善和提高。     

高职特色的《园林昆虫学》教学改革尝试

高职特色的《园林昆虫学》教学改革，应主动适应经济社会的发展需要，突出实用性和针对性，加强实践能力培养，贯彻产学结合思想，从实际出发，办出特色．在遵循上述原则的基础上，调整教学课时的分配比例，联系生产单位实训，改革教学内容，改革教学方法，改革教学评估体系．     

城镇绿地对空气质量的影响--以中山市小榄镇为例

对中山市小榄镇公园、街道、居住区等不同地区的空气质量进行了测定．结果表明：公园、苗圃、金菊花园、镇府大院和小榄中学等绿化好、总绿量大的地带，CO2浓度[Ψ(CO2)／10^-6]和含菌量(n／m^-3)明显较低，负离子浓度明显较高；街道、新永路民居、商场、工厂、车站和果菜批发市场等绿化差、总绿量小的地带，Ψ(CO2)／10^-6和含菌量明显偏高，负离子浓度明显偏低．街道上空的Ψ(CO2)与车流量之间有极显著相关关系Ψ(CO2)与人流量之间相关关系不显著．     

广州中心城区公园绿地空间格局及可达性分析

公园绿地是城市中一类典型的开敞空间,对维护城市生态与人居环境健康具有重要意义,其空间布局的合理性与可达性直接影响其对城市居民的服务水平。以广州中心城区为例,借助GIS技术和景观格局指数,分析城市公园绿地景观格局、可达性和服务状况,并探讨城市公园绿地空间格局对其可达性影响。结果表明：①市级公园其面积占公园绿地总面积的84.71%,城市公园绿地聚集度为92.44,广州中心城区公园绿地景观类型和空间格局不尽合理;②网络分析表明研究区仅有22.35%的面积和44.67%的人口能够较便捷地到达邻近公园绿地,广州中心城区公园绿地的可达性和服务效果不理想;③城市公园绿地数量与空间格局是影响其可达性与服务水平的重要因子。     

Using classification trees to analyze the impact of exotic species on the ecological assessment of polder lakes in Flanders, Belgium

Polder lakes in Flanders are stagnant waters that were flooded by the sea in the past. Several of these systems are colonized by exotic species, but have hardly been studied until present. The aim of the present study was: (1) to assess the influence of exotic macrobenthic species on the outcome of the Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders (MMIF) and (2) to use classification trees for evaluating to what extent physical-chemical characteristics affect the presence of exotic species.In total, 27 mollusc and 10 macro-crustacean species were present in the monitored lakes of which respectively five and four were exotic. The exclusion of the exotic species from the MMIF resulted in a significant decline of this ecological index (−0.03 ± 0.04; p = 0.00). This elimination often resulted into a lower ecological water quality class and more samples were classified into the bad and poor ecological water quality classes.Single-target classification trees for Gammarus tigrinus and Potamopyrgus antipodarum were constructed, relating environmental parameters and ecological status (MMIF) to the occurrence of both exotic invasive species. The major advantages of using single-target classification trees are the transparency of the rule sets and the possibility to use relatively small datasets. However, this classification technique only predicts a single-target attribute and the trees of the different species are often hard to integrate and use for water managers. As a solution, a multi-target approach was used in the present study. Exotic molluscs and crustaceans communities were modelled based on environmental parameters and the ecological status (MMIF) using multi-target classification trees. Multi-target classification trees can be used in management planning and investment decisions as they can lead to integrated decisions for the whole set of exotic species and avoid the construction of many models for each individual species. These trees provide general insights concerning the occurrence patterns of individual crustaceans and molluscs in an integrated way.     

Ecological Trap for Desert Lizards Caused by Anthropogenic Changes in Habitat Structure that Favor Predator Activity

Abstract: Anthropogenic habitat perturbation is a major cause of population decline. A standard practice managers use to protect populations is to leave portions of natural habitat intact. We describe a case study in which, despite the use of this practice, the critically endangered lizard Acanthodactylus beershebensis was locally extirpated from both manipulated and natural patches within a mosaic landscape of an afforestation project. We hypothesized that increased structural complexity in planted patches favors avian predator activity and makes these patches less suitable for lizards due to a heightened risk of predation. Spatial rarity of natural perches (e.g., trees) in arid scrublands may hinder the ability of desert lizards to associate perches with low‐quality habitat, turning planted patches into ecological traps for such species. We erected artificial trees in a structurally simple arid habitat (similar to the way trees were planted in the afforestation project) and compared lizard population dynamics in plots with these structures and without. Survival of lizards in the plots with artificial trees was lower than survival in plots without artificial trees. Hatchlings dispersed into plots with artificial trees in a manner that indicated they perceived the quality of these plots as similar to the surrounding, unmanipulated landscape. Our results showed that local anthropogenic changes in habitat structure that seem relatively harmless may have a considerable negative effect beyond the immediate area of the perturbation because the disturbed habitat may become an ecological trap.     

8种植物叶片对城市大气苯并（a）芘（BaP）的吸收比较

城市化及汽车的发展导致城市大气中多环芳烃（PAHs）含量较高,强致癌作用污染物苯并（a）芘（BaP）含量也相应增高。植物是大气环境天然的过滤器,能滞留、吸附和累积空气中多种污染物。选择广州市8种常见行道树,4种乔木：红花羊蹄甲（Bauhiniablakeana）、腊肠树（Cassiafistula）、高山榕（Ficus...     

福州市行道树对交通污染物扩散的影响

选择福州市中心城区3种典型的行道树结构作为研究对象,以CO为交通污染物的示踪气体,分别对绿化带两侧,即道路中央和人行道上CO浓度的时空变化进行了测定,分析了道路中央CO浓度与人行道上CO浓度的差值ΔC。研究结果表明:不同结构的行道树对交通污染物扩散有显著影响。主干道低覆盖度结构,最有利于交通污染物扩散;主干道高覆盖度结构和支路结构,则不利于交通污染物的扩散,使大量污染物涌入人行道,对行人健康构成危害。交通污染物的扩散效果取决于树冠结构,通过对各道路树冠结构的研究发现,疏透度与覆盖度均较小时,扩散效果最好;疏透度较大、覆盖度也较大时,扩散效果最差。     

广州白云山次生常绿阔叶林的群落结构动态

根据对广州白云山次生常绿阔叶林群落相隔６ａ的两次植被调查，分析了广州白云山次生常绿阔叶林在保护条件下，自然演变过程中的群落结构动态．群落的垂直结构变化主要以大量幼树进入第一层成树为特点；水平结构则以密度和盖度的增长为特点．在种类组成方面，６ａ前群落中居多的阳性树种现已逐渐为耐阴性较强的种类所代替．在组织结构水平上，乔木层的物种多样性指数、群落均匀度指标趋于增加，而生态优势度指标趋于降低，反映了群落向着组成结构复杂、物种多样性增高的方面演变，且前期变化速度较快，后期较慢并趋于稳定．     

Raumgliederung für die Ökologische Umweltbeobachtung des Bundes und der Länder

Ecoregionalizations are important for the evaluation of monitoring networks. In this article a method is decribed concerning how to define Germany’s ecoregions by using ecological data on soil, vegetation, climate and elevation through the aid of classification and regression trees. The resulting ecoregions can be linked to metadata (parameters, methods, quality control and assurance measures) from thousands of Germany’s environmental monitoring sites. Together with GIS procedures, multivariate statistics and geostatistics, ecoregions are useful for integrating data of environmental measurements according to ecological and spatial criteria.     

干旱区的城市生境特征与绿洲化对策

干旱地区的城市亦被称为绿洲。从其发生与生境状况分析,注意到近期城市的扩展已脱离绿洲型的发展轨道,而与全球城市模式类同,亦具城市化的共有弊病。又因所处区位受到荒漠气候的强烈影响,较其它地带的城市,其生境更加恶劣。干旱区居民长期凭借绿洲生境而生息劳动,早期出现的城市亦脱胎于绿洲。目前仍沿用绿洲以称城市,但与绿洲的生境相比较已面目全非,实质是以现代设施在荒漠中建立的水泥荒漠。目前全球范围正展开以改善城市生境为目标的生态城市建设,位处干旱区的城市应从其所在区位出发,以绿洲化作为生态城市建设目标,切实改善居民生存环境质量。应仿照绿洲,在外围营造阻隔荒漠气候侵袭的防护林,在市区通过营造片林与行道树,形成类似条田林网格局,以一定植被规模重构绿洲化城市,形成绿洲生境以改善城市居民生存条件,回归干旱区居民世世代代依存的绿洲空间。     

Methodology for an urban ecological footprint to evaluate sustainable development in China

The ecological footprint (EF) is a method for measuring sustainable development through ecological impact. A methodology is presented for predicting urban ecological footprints. Urban energy use and natural resource consumption were analyzed to calculate an EF based on land type (arable, pasture, forest, fossil energy land, built-up area and water area) and consumption (food, housing, transportation, goods, services and waste). The result was then compared with the local ecological carrying capacity to develop criteria for sustainable ecological footprints. Case studies of four cities in China (Guangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou and Yangzhou) illustrate the urban EF approach. The time series of EF in a case study of Guangzhou for 1991–2001 was analyzed and the consumption–land-use matrix of urban EF was established. The results show that the cities are ecologically unsustainable, with average ecological conflicts per capita of more than 2 ha. The urban EF method is useful to measure urban sustainable development and provides policy proposals for decision-making. However, the EF method still has limitations and weaknesses.