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1.
混凝法预处理糖精钠废水研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
无机混凝剂硫酸铝,硫酸铁分别与有机絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺配合使用处理糖精钠废水,并进行处理效果比较,结果表明,硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺配合使用的处理效果好,当硫酸铝投加量为3.2g/L,聚丙烯酰胺投加量为8mg/L,pH为6时,废水CODcr可从41300mg/L减小到16800mg/L,去除率达61%;Cu^2+浓度从32.73mg/L降至3.17mg/L,去除率达90.3%,且提高了BOD5/CODcr值 相似文献
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造纸综合废水的混凝处理研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选用硫酸铝、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)分别作为混凝剂和助凝剂联合作用,处理造纸厂综合废水。经研究分析确定了其最佳投药量以及PH值等影响因素。并在中试实验中取得满意的处理效果。投加硫酸铝1800mg/L、PAM2mg/L时,CODCr去除率为68.9%,浊度(NTU)去除率为98.69%,SS去除率为97.44%。处理后出水无色透明,BOD/COD值由0.21增到0.64,可生化处理。 相似文献
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混凝法处理肉联厂废水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
聚合氯化硫酸铝铁和聚合氯化硫酸铝混凝剂处理COD为1500-2000mg/L肉联厂废水的最佳工艺条件:PH范围为6.2-8.5搅拌速度为160转/分;搅拌时间15min,一次处理混凝剂投加量为200mg/L,沉降时间300min,COD去除率在90%以上,达到国家二级排放标准。若分二次混凝处理效果更佳,一次混凝处理后,经无烟煤-石英砂滤柱过滤,出水的PH、SS、COD均达到国家一级排放标准。 相似文献
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含硫化黑染料废水混凝脱色的试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章针对含硫化黑染料废水的色度大、成分复杂的特点,采用混凝法对染料废水的脱色问题进行了研究。研究表明使用无机混凝剂氯化铁和硫酸铝处理含硫化黑染料废水时,铁盐的脱色效果要明显好于铝盐,当水样呈现中性或偏碱性,氯化铁的投药量为0.28g/l,染料初始浓度为250mg/l时,处理效果最佳,脱色率达到96.8%。同时还探讨了将有机混凝剂PAM与氯化铁进行复配处理含硫化黑染料废水的效果。结果表明当PAM投加量为0.12g/l,氯化铁的投加量为0.28g/l时,复合混凝剂的脱色效果最好,脱色率高达98.8%。 相似文献
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含油乳化废水处理的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简述了含油乳化废水常用的破乳工艺。以生产润滑油的某调合厂为实例,通过絮凝剂的筛选,采用复合型破乳剂聚合硫酸铝(PAS)作为絮凝剂进行化学破乳工艺试验,设计了破乳、气浮、活性炭吸附处理及附加条件的5种试验。结果表明,聚合硫酸铝与阴离子(非离子)复合型破乳剂能有效地对调合厂含油乳化废水进行破乳,每吨废水分别加500mL的聚合硫酸铝(浓度为10%)和500mL的阴离子PAM(浓度为0.1%),停留时间为5min,即能完成破乳及油水分离过程,废水处理药剂费用为0.25元/t左右,在原水COD2894mg/L时,COD去除率达到96.8%。经处理后的排放废水能够达到国家规定的排放标准。 相似文献
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Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera. 相似文献
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Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
XIA Yun-sheng CHEN Bao-dong CHRISTIE Peter SMITH F Andrew WANG You-shan LI Xiao-lin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(10):1245-1251
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility. 相似文献
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Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation. 相似文献
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Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
RemovalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagricultureWuQitang,NyirandegePascasie,MoCehuiF... 相似文献
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Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the
Taihu Lake region, China 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
WANG Fang JIANG Xin BIAN Yong-rong YAO Fen-xi GAO Hong-jian YU Gui-fen Jean Charles MUNCH Reiner SCHROLL 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(5):584-590
A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field > tree land > fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT >1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes. 相似文献
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The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury (Hg) on urease activity in 4 soils (meadow burozem and phaeozem) was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase (up to 13%-21%) in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship (P〈0.05) between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose (ED50) values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations. 相似文献
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A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several (halo)aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no (chloro)catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway. 相似文献
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Alisa Wangsongsak Suwimol Utarnpongs Maleeya Kruatrachue MathurosePonglikitmongko Prayad Pokethitiyook Thitinun Sumranwanich 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(11):1341-1348
Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue. 相似文献
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The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle. 相似文献
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SONG Yong-hui Dietfried DONNERT Ute BERG Peter G. WEIDLER Rolf NUEESCH 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(5):591-595
Seed induces and promotes the crystallization of calcium phosphate, and acts as carrier of the recovered phosphorus (P). In order to select suitable seed for P recovery from wastewater, three seeds including Apatite (AP), Juraperle (JP) and phosphate-modified Juraperle (M-JP) were tested and compared. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments of seeded crystallization of calcium phosphate were undertaken by using synthetic wastewater with 10 mg/L P phosphate. It shows that AP has bad enduring property in the crystallization process, while JP has better performance for multiple uses, and M-JP is a hopeful seed for P recovery by crystallization of calcium phosphate. 相似文献