刍议企业风险管理与安全管理

企业系统风险管理是以最低成本实现最佳安全生产保障的一种科学管理方法。文章着重从风险管理的内涵和风险管理技术等方面进行了初步探讨;并指出有效的风险管理不仅能改变我国安全生产工作的被动局面,而且有利于对企业安全生产进行风险管理决策     

撇油器的原理及性能

溢油回收装置的有效使用是降低和消除溢油污染的重要手段。比较了撇油器的各种原理、性能及操作条件。     

风险管理在城市地铁工程中的应用初探

地铁工程作为一项大型工程项目,存在着大量的不确定性风险因素.这些不确定性风险因素加大了地铁施工技术的难度,严重地影响着地铁工程建设目标的实现.笔者从风险因素辨识、风险分析和评估、风险响应 3个方面详细分析了一般大型工程项目风险管理的研究现状;探讨了地铁工程风险的定义、风险管理的定义及其内涵;指出城市地铁建设进行风险评估和管理是非常必要的.     

关于日本风险管理体系工业标准的制定

简述了日本风险管理体系工业标准的出台背景、主要特点及意义,笔者通过对该标准出台的分析、研讨和深思,提出了探索具有中国特色且符合国际标准化潮流的企业风险管理机制和建立企业全面风险管理体系的建议.     

HSE管理体系在温米采油厂的实践与思考

HSE管理体系突出预防为主、领导承诺、全员参与、持续改进的科学管理思想,是石油天然气工业实现现代管理,走向国际大市场的准行证。温米采油厂HSE体系实施中存在问题：过分重视书面文件管理,忽视实质性安全管理,造成体系现场执行力不足;技术支持不完善,造成风险评价、清洁生产、应急准备与响应等方面落实不够;HSE体系与现有的安全管理存在＂两张皮＂现象;全员参与意识差,以人为本、可持续发展的理念不能得到有效落实;资源配置不足,培训不到位。针对问题,提出对策：不断完善HSE体系,逐步规范运行管理;结合生产实际,打造企业安全文化品牌;继续加强安全监督检查管理;提高全体员工的执行力;牢固树立＂细节决定成败＂理念;避免＂两种倾向＂。     

地层条件下油气混合气安全氧含量实验研究

为了确定地层高温高压环境下油气混合气的安全氧含量,避免在采油过程中形成可燃性混合气体引发燃烧或者爆炸事故,保证注空气采油工艺过程的安全性,设计了1种测试地层高温高压环境下油气混合气体安全氧含量的实验装置;通过对采油现场井筒内的气体进行取样分析,选取一定组分的混合气体,在理论分析的基础上,对混合气体分别在1,5,10 MPa和40,120℃条件下的安全氧含量进行了实验研究,并将实验结果与理论分析结果进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:随着温度和压力的升高,安全氧含量逐渐降低;在地层高温高压环境下所测得的安全氧含量要远低于常温常压下的理论估算值;在10 MPa,120℃时达到8.27%,很大程度上增加了采油工艺过程的危险性。     

大型石化装置安全阀安全保障综合管理体系应用研究

本文研究采用基于风险的完整性综合管理方法解决大型石化企业安A-N管理中存在的问题。阐述了建立安全阀数据库的基本原则，提出根据失效可能性和风险等级制定安全阀分类管理策略，实现分类管理，进行检验组织优化，制定安全阀失效紧急处置指南，以期形成安全阀安全保障综合管理体系，并建立包括网上报检、备阀备件统计管理、风险定量计算等功能的安全阀管理信息系统，在保障安全阀安全运行的同时，提高管理效能，降低管理成本。     

GIS在巨灾保险风险管理中的应用研究

近年来,巨灾的不断发生,使得许多保险和再保险公司遭受巨大赔偿,乃至可能造成破产.究其原因,除了人们对巨灾自身难以抗拒这一客观原因外,保险企业对巨灾保险的风险管理方法、技术和手段的不适也是一个很重要的因素.为此,笔者分析了利用GIS辅助巨灾保险风险管理的优越性,并就GIS在巨灾保险的信息管理、风险累积预测和风险管理专家系统中所起的作用和发挥的功能分别进行了探讨.利用GIS辅助巨灾保险风险管理,不仅可以了解巨灾的发生和变化规律,进行危险性区域和费率区域的划分,而且可以优化保险和再保险方案,并通过专家系统设计出符合实用灾情的风险管理及保险管理的对策,对保险公司的巨灾保险风险管理起到了重要的指导作用.     

Business Process Reengineering of emergency management procedures: A case study

The production and storage of dangerous substances in an industrial establishment creates risks for man, environment and properties in the surrounding area. Safety regulations require the establishment of a preventive information campaign regarding industrial risks and self-defence measures to adopt in an emergency situation. In the case of a major accident, people must be promptly made aware of the appropriate self-defence actions and behaviours to adopt. This strategic activity can reduce the panic effect, make citizens more cooperative and guarantee the effectiveness of any emergency plan. In this paper, the information chain is studied as an industrial process modelled by the IDEF0 language. Through this method, each link in the chain has been deeply analysed. For each function of the process, the inputs, outputs and necessary controls and resources have been identified. Starting from a clear view of the current state, the process of re-engineering has been implemented to minimise or eliminate downtime, deficiencies and illnesses and, thus, consequent time losses. The main contribution of the IDEF0 application in emergency management is to provide a clear view of the whole system, a communication system between emergency actors, a rich information source and a structured base for the re-engineering process.     

建立我国工业事故风险管理制度的探讨

简要论述工业事故风险管理的要素和风险评价方法，提出建立适合我国市场经济体制的工业事故风险管理制度，制定适合各行业特点的事故风险标准值和风险分析评价方法，将风险管理与工伤保险和事故预防有机地结合起来等建议。     

加拿大油气管道安全管理体系及其启示

建立系统完善的安全管理体系是保障油气管道安全运行的基础。通过分析加拿大立法特点,梳理国家层面和地方层面管道安全监管机构设置与职责,研究管道安全法规体系,明确了加拿大油气管道安全监管体制和全生命周期安全管理体系。研究了管道企业安全管理体系和管道全生命周期各个阶段的关键工作,分析了行业协会在管道安全管理方面发挥的积极作用,掌握了管道完整性管理方面的经验与成果。在此基础上对中加油气管道安全管理情况进行了对比分析,从重视管道安全监管立法、建立全生命周期安全管理体系、完善油气管道标准规范、实施管道完整性管理、建立统一呼叫系统和管道地图系统、鼓励社会各方共同参与管道保护等方面提出了加强我国油气管道安全管理的建议措施。研究成果对于完善我国油气管道安全管理体系具有指导作用。     

石油野外施工作业OSH、HSE管理

长庆钻井野外施工作业队伍依据OSH，HSE管理体系的基本要求和国际通用做法，吸取与壳牌公司在长北区块的合作经验。学习国际上杜邦，阿莫科等石油公司的HSE合作案卷，翻阅了苏丹中国项目组HSE例卷，结合长庆钻井的实际情况。在野外施工作业队伍实施OSH，HSE管理，创新了17项管理技术。提升了作业队伍现场管理水平，步入与国际惯例接轨的行列，提高了经济效益。     

采油队安全巡视管理系统的试验与应用

介绍了采油队安全生产巡视管理系统的组成、系统配置与工作过程,叙述了试验与应用情况,分析了其经济效益和社会效益与推广应用前景。     

压力容器的风险管理

压力容器的本质安全直接关系石油化工等行业的HSE本质,而HSE核心理念的风险管理又决定着压力容器的本质安全。结合锅炉水预热器腐蚀泄漏的案例,对压力容器的本质安全与HSE的风险管理从设计、制造到使用管理全程进行了分析解读,认为压力容器的本质安全取决于设计、制造直至使用管理全过程风险管理的践行,由此给出了合理化建议。     

锚地油轮过驳作业危险源辨识与对策

运用能量转移理论和事故树分析方法对广州港务局锚地油轮过驳作业进行了危险源的辨识与定性分析，并就如何控制危险源提出了对策。     

Ethics and fundamental principles of risk acceptance criteria

Ethics are concerned with distinguishing between what actions are “right” and “wrong” and what values are “good” and “bad”, etc. and there is a long academic tradition in discussing ethics and ethical theories. Risk acceptance criteria, on the other hand, distinguish between levels of risks that are acceptable and levels that are intolerable. In some sense, one may say that risk acceptance criteria distinguishes between “good” and “bad” systems and activities with regards to the risk they expose the society or elements of a society to and there is thus an obvious link between ethics and risk acceptance criteria or to risk management at large. However, there are few references in the literature that explores this link, and in this paper, the ethical foundation of fundamental principles of risk acceptance criteria will be elaborated upon.This paper considers some important principles for establishing risk acceptance criteria for safety critical systems and activities. The various principles and the philosophies behind them might at first sight seem contradictory and exclusive, but it is demonstrated how they may coexist in one and the same regulatory regime; They may complement each other in order to achieve the overall safety objectives of society. Then, some brief considerations of the ethical foundations for the principles will be given and some relevant examples of actual risk acceptance criteria will be given from the maritime industries. However, it is believed that the principles and discussions are of general interest and apply to all areas of technical risk and to safety regulations in a broader perspective.     

Occupational risks and the value and modelling of a measurement of severity

In studies of occupational risks, severity, which is a component of the estimation of every risk, appears as a multifaceted entity assessable according to numerous criteria. A method of measuring the degree of severity of the consequences of potentially dangerous events would be of undeniable value to organisations seeking to improve their understanding of the complexity of such events. The need to control severity is highlighted by scientifically acquired improvements in the understanding of occupational risks, by certain new regulatory obligations in Europe, and by some requirements in the financial management of organisations. We put forward a statistical way of integrating several constituent elements of severity and hence of determining a relevant, synthetic, one-dimensional index. This is achieved by means of principal component analysis (PCA), which is used here to calculate a resultant severity, as in some physical measurements. We also investigate how severity may be statistically modelled, with the aim of contributing to the quantitative assessment of occupational risks. The choice of parametric models is detailed and illustrated by the search for a suitable model for workplace accidents in an organisational setting. The practical value of modelling severity is two-fold. First, one is able to study the distribution of the numerical values of severity over a continuum (a theoretically infinite numerical set) rather than through a limited number of arbitrarily defined categories. Second, with a generally applicable parametric model, one can estimate the law of probability of a measurement of severity in a particular situation, notably recent or new. Lastly, the statistical concept of risk curve is defined and discussed. The goal is to incorporate the severity component into the risk assessment in the form of a probability law, thus circumventing the difficulties associated with an analysis of scenarios.     

油罐区泄漏及火灾危险危害评价

对某大型油罐区进行泄漏及火灾的危险危害评价.采用毒性物质泄漏扩散模型模拟油罐的泄漏事故,得出了泄漏介质在罐区附近的等质量浓度分布曲线;采用池火火焰与辐射强度模型,计算油罐、输油管道、汽车装油栈台等发生池火灾时的热辐射强度,并结合不同辐射强度值对人和设备的影响程度,给出了池火灾的影响范围.