Hierarchical pre-positioning of emergency resources for a chemical industrial parks concentrated area

Accidents in chemical industrial parks always cause fateful damage which can be reduced greatly by providing emergency resources sufficiently and timely. One effective way to enhance the emergency response capacity and agility is by pre-positioning of emergency resources for the potential accidents. The Yangtze River Delta of China is a large region where a large number of chemical industrial parks are concentrated. According to the distributing characteristics of demand points in this region, a mathematical model of hierarchical pre-positioning of emergency resources is proposed to ensure that accidents in all chemical industrial parks in this region can be responded timely and effectively. Considering accident domino effect and minimizing the total cost, the model gives optimal decisions of pre-positioning emergency resources, including the location and inventory of depots. The innovative hierarchical pre-positioning method greatly reduces the total cost in the premise of sufficient preparation for supplying emergency resources. Finally, in a visual graph of the Yangtze River Delta, the model is applied and the result shows its applicability.     

Modeling and algorithm of domino effect in chemical industrial parks using discrete isolated island method

Studies on domino effect in chemical industrial parks are crucial for avoiding accident escalation. Domino effect network (DEN) may be formed as a consequence of widely distribution of major hazard installations (MHIs) in chemical industrial parks. To decrease accident scale and prevent catastrophic consequence, it is essential to cut off the relations between entities in a DEN during accident periods. Focusing on this aspect, based on the conceptual model of discrete isolated island (DII) discussed, an objective function was brought out to evaluate the linking level of the whole park; while to help determine the dominant MHI (namely Domino hub in a DEN), equations for calculating accident escalation factor (AEF) was advanced. Further, an algorithm was developed for the proposed model. Application showed that the proposed model, which is capable of providing possible ways to determine the dominant MHI contributing to domino effect, was quite useful and effective for choosing technical prevention measures to enhance the safety level of chemical industrial parks.     

湖北省化工园区应急能力评估

针对湖北省化工园区特点,综合考虑园区内应急能力的各影响因素,建立了化工园区应急能力评估指标体系。运用多层次模糊综合评价法,构建了化工园区应急能力三级评估指标模型。通过对隶属度的定量化分析,最终得出综合应急能力评价等级,为园区应急能力评估的进一步优化提供参考和指导。     

化工园区接警处警与应急值守系统的研究

本文分析了目前常用的接警处警系统,针对化工园区安全管理的工作需要,研究化工园区综合接警中心接警处警工作的特点和要求,分析化工园区接警中心工作体系和功能要求,设计开发了化工园区接警处警与应急值守系统。文中对系统体系架构、系统建设关键问题和所需的支持系统进行了详细介绍。该系统集成了地理信息系统的功能,提供化工园区事故接警、通知和处置功能,应用重大危险源监管信息系统、应急预案综合管理系统、综合监控系统等业务系统作为数据支持,为化工园区接警中心管理园区突发事件、实现事故快速反应和及时应对提供技术支持。     

基于案例推理的化工园区应急资源需求预测

为确定化工园区突发事故的应急资源需求,提出了一种基于案例推理的化工园区应急资源需求预测方法。该方法主要由三部分组成:(1)基于案例推理的模型构建;(2)化工园区事故的案例描述;(3)基于人工神经网络的案例适应。最后,以石化园区火灾爆炸事故的应急资源需求预测验证该方法的有效性。研究表明,该方法可以实时地对化工园区应急资源需求进行预测,为化工园区的应急资源储备和配置提供支持。     

某储罐区火灾多米诺效应场景推演

化工园区中危险源众多,一旦发生事故很容易在整个园区内蔓延和发展.针对化工园区内储罐密集,容易引发连锁反应导致事故扩大的特点,利用FDS软件对储罐火灾场景进行数值模拟,根据储罐所受热辐射确定化工园区内储罐火灾最可能的事故发生序列,并引入基于设备失效前时间的机械设备故障概率模型对罐区内单个储罐的火灾风险进行研究,得到储罐区...     

Preparing for major terrorist attacks against chemical clusters: Intelligently planning protection measures w.r.t. domino effects

Chemical industrial areas or so-called chemical clusters consist of hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of chemical installations situated next to each other. Such areas can thus be seen as the summation of a large number of structures exhibiting danger to a certain degree for initiating or continuing accident domino effects or knock-on effects. In this article, an approach to investigate in a systemic way the vulnerability of each installation within the larger chemical cluster context, is developed. Our suggested method results in a prioritization of chemical installations with respect to their vulnerability for domino effects. The method can be used for intelligently designed protection of chemical industrial areas against terrorist attacks.     

危险化学品仓储事故演化规律及消防力量需求研究

危险化学品仓储火灾事故复杂,处置难度大,易引发事故多米诺效应,对人民的生命和财产造成严重威胁。本文分析了危化品仓储火灾爆炸事故的演化规律和事故风险,结合事故案例剖析危化品仓储火灾爆炸事故后果及对周边区域的影响。针对危险化学品仓储火灾爆炸事故,建立危化品仓储火灾扑救泡沫需求评价二级指标体系,采用模糊层次分析法建立了泡沫灭火剂用量评价数学模型,并根据救援力量类别需求、各种应急救援装备与作战人员需求建立危化品火灾消防力量需求预测模型,准确预测危化品仓储事故消防力量需求。     

Research on three-dimensional visualization system of Natech events triggered domino accidents in oil-gas depots

Natech events and domino accidents happen worldwide and usually lead to severe consequences, especially in hazardous areas such as Oil-Gas depots. With the continuous development of the Oil-Gas industry and information technology, it is essential to realize the three-dimensional management and monitoring of hazardous substances. To evaluate the consequences caused by Natech events triggered domino accidents (accident chain), a matrix loop method was proposed to calculate the probability and evolution path of the accident chain. The actual layout and the real-time data of the Oil-Gas depot are input into the evaluation method in matrices, thus making the results reliable and updated. Besides, a B/S architecture system is developed to present the evaluation consequences of the proposed method. The three-dimensional visualization effects of natural disasters, technological accidents and the dynamic propagation process of the accident chain are also realized in the system to enhance the user's experience. A system application regarding lightning-triggered domino accidents was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and rapidity of the proposed evaluation method and perform the system's operation process and visualization effects. The application results show that the system can provide effective decision-making assistance to safety management workers before the accident and guidance for emergency rescue operations during the accident.     

基于DEA对抗交叉评价模型的化工园区脆弱性评价

化工园区的脆弱性是评估园区安全现状的重要指标,采用DEA对抗交叉评价方法对某省5个化工园区的脆弱性进行了评价研究。首先从园区固有危险性、园区承灾体脆弱性以及事故后果损失程度3个方面构建了化工园区脆弱性评估指标体系,通过DEA对抗交叉评价模型得出的效率值对园区事故成灾效率进行了评估,成灾效率越大说明脆弱性越大,反之,脆弱性越小;最后,探讨了5个化工园区脆弱性等级,对其进行了优劣排序,分析了园区脆弱性的影响因素;可为化工园区的管理者提供理论支持。     

化工园区应急管理能力评估研究

为了研究化工园区应急管理能力的影响指标,从控制事故致因角度出发,得到6个化工园区应急管理能力一级影响指标和32个二级影响指标。为了解决传统专家打分法和层次分析法存在的随意性大、计算结果不可预测的问题,通过考虑专家自然属性权重和采用模糊层次分析法对所得影响指标的权重进行研究,并运用模糊综合评价方法对某化学工业园区的应急管理能力进行评估。结果表明:采用的计算方法可快速计算各影响指标权重;一级影响因素中,人员组织建设和预案及制度建设最为重要,应急基础保障、应急技术支持和指挥协调建设其次,事后处置重要性最低;该化工园区的应急管理能力“较好”。研究成果可为管理者认识化工园区应急管理水平,有序开展化工园区应急管理能力建设提供参考。     

Location selection of emergency supplies repositories for emergency logistics management: A variable weighted algorithm

With the development of the city, the number of establishments that are proposed or under construction is increasing year by year, and if they are industries that handle flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful, and dangerous substances, the public safety will face great threats, which will bring great challenges to emergency rescue work. Therefore, providing reasonable solutions to the problem of location selection of emergency supplies repositories are necessary for improving the emergency response efficiency in chemical industrial parks. A mathematical model for location selection of emergency supplies repositories in emergency logistics management are presented considering more actual factors. The optimization objectives of the model are to minimize total transport length and cost. And then a Variable Weighted Algorithm is designed to solve the model, where an auxiliary function was constructed with different methods of building weighting factors based on the theory and method of solving multi-objective optimization problems in operational research. Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the models and algorithms presented in this paper.     

GIS在化工园区事故应急救援辅助决策中的应用

采用GIS平台与应急决策支持技术相结合,以园区高危工艺和重大危险源作为分析对象,开发化工园区安全管理系统中的应急救援辅助决策模块,针对园区内高危工艺或重大危险源事故后果预测与事故应急救援管理的科学性和有效性,扩展为对整个化工园区的事故风险管理与事故应急救援辅助决策支持。运用该模块可实现园区内突发事故后果预测、最优救援和疏散路径规划、应急辅助决策方案生成,有效提高化工园区事故救援的科学性和效率,减少人员伤亡和财产损失,提高化工园区安全管理水平。     

博弈论在预防化工园区事故多米诺效应中的应用

针对化工园区内各单元不愿意为预防相邻单元事故多米诺效应进行安全投入的问题,提出采用博弈论分析化工园区内各单元预防事故多米诺效应的投入意愿,将化工园区内2个相邻单元预防事故多米诺效应的关系定义为2人博弈的过程,构建2人博弈的支付函数与支付矩阵,讨论不同参数情形下的纳什均衡点,将实际均衡点与理想均衡点进行比较,判断园区管理者或政府机构是否应当采取相关措施。结果表明:实际化工园区所处的博弈情形与各单元均选择为预防园区事故多米诺效应的投入值有关,不同取值范围的纳什均衡点不同,园区管理者根据均衡点的不同选择相应措施。     

考虑救援时效的化工园区应急物资储备站点选址模型研究

针对化工园区的应急物资储备站点选址问题,在同时考虑经济因素以及救援效果的基础上,建立了多目标覆盖选址模型,同时引入了应急救援时效函数,以反映物资运输时间对救援效果的影响.最后将模型应用于江苏省南部的化工园区应急物资储存站点的选址问题进行算例分析,使用NSGA-II算法对模型进行求解,并采用TODIM法对得到的帕累托最优...     

不确定条件下应急资源分配区间规划模型研究

为获得有限应急资源条件下满足多个目标的最优分配方案,提高事故应急救援效率,对某化工园区化工事故的应急物资分配进行了研究。在传统线性规划基础上引入区间数描述物资需求量和物资运输时间的不确定性,并以应急物资分配的经济性、时效性和公平性为目标,建立了多目标线性区间规划模型,并将所建模型应用于以化工园区为背景的化工事故中,同时为验证该模型的有效性,将提出的多目标区间规划模型与多目标确定性规划模型相比较。结果表明,区间规划模型得到的结果比较可观,可为相关决策单位应急资源分配提供参考,同时区间规划也是对传统资源配置分析方法的有益补充。     

化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案编制技术研究

阐述化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案编制的技术路线;把编制过程分为调查评估、制度设计、预案编写3阶段,其中调查评估是基础,制度设计是关键;指出危险源辨识、脆弱性分析、应急资源评估、应急组织架构及其职责确定、应急救援运行机制设计等是化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案编制的工作要点;提出"基本预案+应急功能程序+支持附件"的化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案结构模式。该编制技术对促进化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案的科学化、规范化和可操作性具有指导意义。     

突发性大气污染事件数字化动态应急预案系统及其应用

针对近些年频繁发生的突发性大气污染事件,构建了数字化动态应急预案系统。该系统由基础信息数据库、气象环境模式与健康风险评估系统、数字化动态应急预案三部分组成,并利用地理信息系统将三者有机结合,将事故基本信息、事故发展预测及救援状况直观、动态地展现在系统界面,使应急行动得以及时、高效地展开。实地外场综合应急演习证明,该系统技术路线稳定畅通,运行高效,功能强大,具有较好的可行性和实效性。     

基于多米诺效应的定量风险评价研究

多米诺效应是引发化工重大事故的主要原因之一.本文综合国内外的研究成果,对火灾热辐射、冲击波超压等造成的多米诺效应进行了深入分析,建立基于多米诺效应的定量风险评价模型,其中包括了评价流程、传播概率、阈值距离计算、多米诺效应对事故频率的影响及后果分析的内容.最后利用Matlab7.1计算平台,以汽油储罐进行实例分析,结果表明该方法是一种适用于多米诺效应定量评价的良好方法,能够比较科学、有效的对危险单元进行风险评价,使重大事故风险评价更切合实际,为政府监管部门和化工企业进行事故的控制和预防提供决策技术.     

基于自适应蚁群算法的化工园区毒气泄漏事故疏散路径规划*

为了降低人员在化工园区毒气泄漏事故中的伤亡风险,提出1种综合考虑疏散路径距离和毒性负荷值的自适应蚁群算法。通过建立路径评价函数,将疏散路径的毒性负荷值引入蚁群算法中,改进算法的信息素更新策略,采用启发式因子自适应调整策略并改进算法的启发式函数。运用Matlab软件进行仿真,将算法应用到某化工园区毒气泄漏事故中。研究结果表明:该自适应蚁群算法可以保持较高的搜索速度,在寻找距离最短道路的同时避开毒性负荷较高的疏散路径,可为化工园区毒气泄漏事故的应急疏散路径规划提供参考。