高速公路噪声污染监测实例剖析

针对近年高速公路噪声纠纷比较普遍的现象,通过详述一起典型的高速公路噪声纠纷监测过程及评价,剖析了该类型监测存在的共性和特性,探讨了此类监测及评价的技术要点和疑点,对如何更好地开展该类型噪声纠纷监测进行了深入思考。     

油气勘探钻井作业噪声测量和评价标准探讨

陆上油气勘探钻井作业施工是一项临时作业行为,具有施工期不固定、作业边界不规则、发声设备多等特性。依据现行国家有关噪声标准,对其施工作业过程中排放的噪声进行测量与评价都不具有客观符合性,存在一定缺陷。在简要分析陆上油气钻井作业基本情况和现行国家相关噪声标准的基础上,参考GB 12523—2011《建筑施工场界环境噪声排放标准》,提出了陆上油气钻井作业施工噪声影响分档设置测量与评价标准和最近敏感点设置测量与评价标准,可以更真实客观地测量和评价噪声影响情况。     

大连市中心城区以外地区道路交通噪声监测评价与防治措施

为掌握县域城市道路交通噪声污染状况,反映县域道路交通噪声源强度,更好地改善和提高声环境质量,通过对大连市中心城区以外地区2021年道路交通噪声监测与分析,评价了大连市中心城区以外地区道路交通声环境质量现状。结果表明：大连市中心城区以外地区道路交通噪声强度等级为一级,等级评价为“好”。同时对各县域地区道路交通噪声监测结果进行同比分析,针对性地提出了进一步改善县域城市道路交通声环境的相关建议。     

GIS噪声环境监测与管理

环境噪声是评价城市环境质量的一个重要指标,但噪声污染与水污染、大气污染不同,不能通过"资源化"、"化害为利"等方式来治理,因而要解决噪声污染就必须准确地获取环境噪声信息,并对其影响进行科学评价,以及时进行噪声治理决策规划和管理。本文探讨了GIS在噪声环境监测与管理中的应用。     

高校校园整体声环境现状评价方法研究

为了能更精确地对高校校园整体声环境现状进行评价,首先对高校校园进行了功能区划分,然后使用判断矩阵法确定了每个功能区的权重,最后使用通过GB3096-2008中规定的普查监测法测量得到的网格噪声数据具体演示了采用模糊综合评判法对一所大学的声环境现状进行评价的方法。此方法比单纯地把校园全部网格噪声数据进行算术平均运算后得到的值来反映高校校园的声环境现状更符合客观实际。     

洞井新城建设中的交通噪声预测与控制规划

洞井新城在建成小城镇的过程中，声环境规划不可或缺，该区目前突出的是交通噪声，因而声环境规划的重点也就落在了对交通噪声控制的规划上。通过对交通噪声调查与评价、预测并作出合理规划，我们相信，规划区的交通噪声控制一定能够达到预期目标。     

噪声影响预测中的几种简化管理

简述了噪声影响预测中的三种简化处理，指出了这些简化的必要性和可行性，这些简化处理是针地多源噪声的、几何衰减简化处理，Ａ声级代替其声压级。     

“以人为中心”的噪声评价与控制

除了传统的噪声评价与噪声控制方法外,以噪声烦恼度为评价指标的声品质研究渐渐成为热点。以基于感知的声音工程为核心的噪声评价与控制体系正逐步形成并进一步发展。文章阐释了“以人为中心”的噪声污染评价与控制的具体含义及其热点问题,以期为噪声污染防治研究和技术开发提供新思路。     

空调室外机拍振噪声声品质客观评价研究

当房间空调器室外风机与压缩机的激励频率相近时会产生拍振噪声。在半消声室采集拍振噪声样本,采用评分法对拍振噪声声品质进行主观评价,并对噪声样本进行分析计算,得到其A计权声压级、响度、抖动强度等声品质客观评价参量值。对主观、客观评价结果进行线性回归分析,提出拍振噪声声品质主观评价模型。研究结果表明,房间空调器拍振噪声声品质主要受突出比、响度、抖动强度影响。     

低频噪声的影响及控制

低频噪声的影响日益加剧,已对人们的生活及休息造成了较大影响。文章从噪声的评价、低频噪声的影响、烦恼度、控制、掩蔽等方面对低频噪声进行了分析讨论,力求探索低频噪声的形成及对环境的影响。     

石化炼制企业噪声治理探讨

文章通过对石油化工炼制企业噪声的分析,相对不同场所噪声源进行不同治理方案的探讨,就某石化公司典型装置蒸馏装置为例进行噪声源及相应的治理方案分析,选择在临厂界处建设隔声屏障,对声源进行有效的阻隔,监测结果表明:隔声屏障起到了有效的隔声降噪作用,厂界噪声达GB 12348-2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》。     

高速公路声敏感点降噪措施改善研究

以四川省某高速公路沿线的居民噪声投诉案件为例,开展了敏感点声环境质量现状及既有声屏障措施效果调查分析,并采用文献调研及Cadna/A软件建模计算的方法,分别从噪声源、噪声传播途径、敏感建筑物三个层次进行了敏感点降噪措施改善研究,研究结果可为高速公路营运单位解决实际噪声扰民问题提供技术支撑,研究过程及方法可供类似项目参考...     

Traffic noise and executive functioning in urban primary school children: The moderating role of gender

The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between noise and school children's executive functioning (EF). The study included 311 children (146 boys and 165 girls) aged 7–11 years, who lived in the center of Belgrade. Teachers rated children's EF on a standard scale evaluating their ability to work independently in a focused manner to achieve an end goal as well as children's ability to follow directions carefully. Residential noise exposure was estimated in three daytime intervals, one evening interval and two nighttime intervals in the middle of the streets where children lived. School noise exposure was measured on three different school days in front of children's schools. Socioeconomic status (mother's highest level of education and family income) was used as a statistical control. There were no significant main effects of ambient noise levels on EF, however, a significant interaction indicated adverse noise impacts on boy's EF. We discuss possible reasons for male EF vulnerability to noise.     

A ComprehensiveNoise Management Strategy for an Urbanized River Catchment

The Brisbane River serves multiple functions in both its upper catchment and its lower reaches. The lower reaches are highly urbanized where the river flows through Australia's third largest city, and here the river sustains transport activities, waste water disposal, a port, and both motorized recreation and active and passive non-motorized recreation. In the city the river also serves as a locality for community events, as a cultural icon and as a residential neighbour. Many of these functions are spatially and temporally congruent and, amongst other issues, this congruency has the potential to generate significant levels of noise conflict. This paper describes the approach adopted to assess the nature and extent of noise conflicts and to develop a comprehensive strategy of noise management-allas part of a larger scheme for an integrated approach to manage the Brisbane River and its catchment. Noise management strategies recommended for implementation include noise zoning of the river, planning and approval processes for land-based waterway facilities, noise planning and approval processes for residential and other noise-sensitive uses, codes of practice for rowing and similar activities, as well as the more conventional approach of regulatory limits on river-based noise sources. The paper demonstrates that a wide range of strategies are necessary to handle complex pollution problems of this sort, and provides a model of comprehensive action for management of noise from river-related activities that may find application elsewhere.     

新乡市声环境质量现状及其改善对策研究

以中原城市群强市-新乡市为例,介绍城市环境噪声的声源构成主要以工业噪声和社会生活噪声为主。随着城镇化规模的扩大,近年来的噪声监测值总体呈下降趋势,但道路交通噪声和社会生活噪声有增高趋势。结合声环境质量现状,提出了合理规划功能区布局、加强声环境管理、利用城市绿地降低噪声、提高单体建筑规划设计水平等改善对策措施。     

大型环境模拟试验系统噪声防护及管理方法

以大型复杂环境模拟试验系统为例,通过对系统各设备及控制间噪声数据的测量,详细分析了噪声的来源和特性,并从消声、吸声、隔声等方面采取了一些有效的措施。结果表明,取得了较好的效果,且对试验设备不造成任何负面影响,同时也为工程实际中的噪声治理提供了借鉴。     

Open-plan office noise: Cognitive performance and restoration

The aim of the present study was to investigate cognitive, emotional, and physiological effects of two open-plan office noise conditions (high noise: 51 LAeq and low noise: 39 LAeq) during work in a simulated open-plan office, followed by four restoration conditions (river movie with sound, only river sound, silence, and office noise) after the work period. Students (N = 47) went through one practice session and two experimental sessions, one each with the low and high noise conditions. In each experimental session they worked for 2 h with tasks involving basic working memory processes. We also took physiological measures of stress (cortisol and catecholamines) and self-reports of mood and fatigue. Analyses indicate that the participants remembered fewer words, rated themselves as more tired, and were less motivated with work in noise compared to low noise. In the restoration phase the participants who saw a nature movie (including river sounds) rated themselves as having more energy after the restoration period in comparison with both the participants who listened to noise and river sounds. Remaining in office noise during the restoration phase also affected motivation more negatively than listening to river sounds or watching the nature movie. The findings bear on the appropriateness of open-plan office designs and the possibilities for restoration available in office settings.     

对环境影响评价中常用的几种公路交通噪声预测模式的适用性研究

道路交通噪声预测是公路建设环境影响评价中一个重要的环节,它对我们判断、分析公路交通噪声对沿线保护目标的影响程度,以及针对影响采取何种有效措施有积极的作用;本文重点就目前环评中常用的几种公路噪声预测模型对省内已建成的不同等级公路进行噪声预测,并与其实际监测结果进行对比分析,据此,论述在相同争件下各种预测模式计算结果产生误差的原因,得出各种噪声预测模式的适用性结论。     

气流噪声治理及设计

本文根据气流噪声的频率特性和发声部位,提出重点降噪与综合整治的方法,对城市气流噪声污染进行控制。     

声屏障在化工行业的应用

化工行业噪声源多,声级高,防火、防爆、防腐、防风险等要求特别严格。采用常规噪声控制措施受到许多限制,而采用隔声吸声屏障降噪有一定效果。本文以上海几个化工企业为例,论述了隔声吸声屏障的设计、应用及效果。