Intensification of adsorption process by using the pyrolytic char from waste tires to remove chromium(Ⅵ) from wastewater

Pyrolysis has the potential of transforming waste into valuable recyclable products. Pyrolytic char(PC) is one of the most important products from the pyrolysis of used tires. One of the most significant applications for pyrolytic char recovered is used for the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) in the wastewater effluent to control waste by waste. The surface chemistry properties of surface element distribution / concentration and chemical structure were examined for the pyrolytic char and the commercial activated carbon(CAC) respectively. The results showed that surfaces of PC possesses a large amount of ester and hydrocarbon graft, whereas there are mainly carbon functional components of C-OH, C=O and COOH on the surface of CAC. Therefore the surface electronegativity of PC is lower than that of CAC in the water. The repulsive interactions between the surfaces of PC and the negatively charged Cr(Ⅵ) ion are weaker than that of CAC, which results in an intensification of the adsorption process by the utilization of PC. The adsorption isotherms of Cr(Ⅵ) ion on the two kinds of carbons were determined experimentally. The larger adsorption amount on the PC in the case of Cr(Ⅵ) may be attributed mainly to its special surface micro-chemical environment. The mechanism of the removal Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution was assumed to be the integration of adsorption and redox reaction. The adsorption was the rate-controlled step for Cr(Ⅵ) removal. The adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) has been identified as pseudo-second- order kinetics. The rate constants of adsorption have been evaluated.     

ε-聚赖氨酸生产废菌体对六价铬吸附影响的研究

以ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)发酵生产废菌体小白链霉菌(Streptomyces albulus)PD-1为研究对象,探讨了其对吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.实验过程中,对预处理方式、pH、初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、吸附时间和温度等因素进行了考察.结果表明,HCl预处理的菌体具有较好的吸附能力,Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附增加率达到22.7%,最佳pH为2.0左右,温度对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附影响不大.实验过程中分别采取Langmuir和Freundlich 2种吸附等温模型对实验数据进行了拟合,得到2个模型的线性相关系数R2分别为0.979 4和0.979 8,这表明吸附过程中既存在单层吸附同时也存在复杂的多层吸附,小白链霉菌对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大理论吸附量为23.92mg.g-1.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,酰胺基和羟基等基团在吸附过程中起主要作用.     

废弃轮胎制备热解炭对醋糟厌氧产甲烷性能的提升效果研究

醋糟在酿造行业中大量产生,除少量用于饲料添加外,大部分成为生物质废弃物,适合于厌氧产沼方式进行能源化处理,但较低的产气量又成为制约厌氧消化工艺应用的主要因素.本研究发现利用废弃轮胎热解过程产生的热解炭,可有效提升醋糟厌氧产甲烷效果,在接种比为1∶1(以VS计)时,产甲烷效果最优,相对于未投加热解炭的对照组,甲烷产率提高...     

The study of ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization process applied to the utilization of pyrolysis oil from waste tires

In recent years, the increasing world population and rapid industrial development has increased the consumption of fossil fuel-derived oils. In response to the resulting exhaustion of fossil fuel energy, many countries around the world are investigating methods of waste energy recovery and reuse, including oil recovery from the pyrolysis process of waste tires. This study investigates the efficiency of an ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) process in sulfur reduction from diesel oil and the pyrolysis oil from waste tires treatment. The results indicate that the oxidation efficiency increases as the doses of transition metal catalyst are increased. Longer sonication time also enhances the oxidation process, apparently through the biphasic transfer of oxidants, which results in a high yield of organic sulfur oxidation products. The best desulfurization efficiency was 99.7% (2.67 ppm sulfur remaining) and 89% (800 ppm sulfur remaining) for diesel and pyrolysis oils, respectively, via a process executed by two UAOD units connected in series and combined with solid adsorption using 30 g of Al₂O₃ in 6 cm columns. These batch experiment results demonstrate clean waste energy recovery and utilization, while fulfilling the requirements of Taiwan EPA environmental regulations (sulfur concentrations less than 5000 ppm).     

吸附-全程自养脱氮(A-CANON)工艺处理实际市政污水

以上海某污水处理厂市政污水为研究对象,考察市政污水在常温（25℃）条件下先经吸附段（A段）去除回收部分碳源后利用全程自养脱氮（CANON）工艺处理的脱氮效果.A-CANON工艺稳定运行175个周期,A段水力停留时间（HRT）=20min,DO=2mg/L,COD去除率始终高于60%,出水C/N降至1.5左右;CANON段出水中COD及TN浓度分别低于50mg/L和15mg/L,NH₄⁺-N浓度一般低于5mg/L,基本满足城市污水厂一级A排放标准.16S rDNA高通量测序结果显示,采用A-CANON工艺后,CANON系统中的优势厌氧氨氧化菌属为Candidatus_Jettenia和Candidatus_Brocadia.其中,Candidatus_Jettenia的丰度由第85周期的1.79%增加到第175周期的13.51%,较同期丰度降低1.4%的Candidatus_Brocadia表现出更强的环境适应能力.研究结果表明采用A-CANON工艺可有效处理市政污水并回收其中碳源.为该工艺在市政污水处理中的应用提供了理论依据和技术支持,有望实现市政污水碳、氮处理的可持续性.     

γ-射线辐照法去除水中的六价铬

以人工配制的含Cr水溶液[Cr(VI)=42mg/L]为研究对象,从动力学的角度考察了不同实验条件对γ-射线辐照还原Cr(VI)的影响.结果表明,初始pH值对Cr(VI)还原影响较大,酸性条件有利于Cr(VI)的还原,在15kGy的辐照强度下,pH2时,Cr(VI)的去除率达86.2%,而pH5和pH7时,Cr(VI)的去除率仅分别为36.3%和22.2%.乙醇的存在提高了Cr(VI)的辐照还原动力学常数.在乙醇添加量为0.1%(体积比),pH2的条件下,在较低的辐照强度(5kGy)下就可获得较高的Cr(VI)去除率(99.9%).中性条件下(pH7),添加1mmol/L的碳酸钠对Cr(VI)的还原有一定促进作用,而酸性条件下(pH2)则效果不明显.试验还考察了充N₂或充O₂对Cr(VI)辐照还原效果的影响,充N₂气可增强Cr(VI)的还原效果,而充O₂则抑制Cr(VI)的还原.     

可渗透反应复合电极法对铬(Ⅵ)污染土壤的电动修复

将Fe0、沸石等活性材料附着在电极上构成可渗透反应复合电极,以Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤为处理对象,对电动修复过程中可渗透反应复合电极法对土壤pH的控制、Cr的去除效果以及形态变化进行了研究.结果表明,添加可渗透反应材料的复合电极法比单一电极法无论在土壤pH控制还是Cr的去除方面都有明显的改善和提高,其中以在阳极同时添加Fe0和沸石效果最为显著.在施加2 V.cm-1的直流电压,运行5 d后,相比在阳极单纯添加沸石或Fe0可渗透反应层,添加"Fe0+沸石"反应层能在最大程度上减小阳极土壤pH值的波动,可将土壤pH值控制在5.5～8.5范围内,土壤中任意位置Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可提高到97%以上,土壤中残留的Cr(Ⅲ)更少,可渗透反应层对Cr的截留量可分别提高8倍和1.8倍,并将98%的Cr(Ⅵ)转化为低毒的Cr(Ⅲ).研究结果为开发具有实用意义的可渗透反应复合电极修复技术提供了理论依据.     

硫酸盐还原颗粒污泥对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)去除特性及总Cr平衡吸附研究

利用小型EGSB反应器培养的硫酸盐还原颗粒污泥进行Cr(Ⅵ)去除实验,考察硫酸盐还原颗粒污泥对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除特性及对总Cr的平衡吸附并进行吸附等温式拟合.结果表明,颗粒污泥对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除是物理、化学及生物过程共同作用的结果,主要包括了还原及吸附作用.颗粒污泥对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除作用与环境因素、颗粒污泥的化学组成和结构的完整程度等密切相关.对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除速率随颗粒污泥投加量及Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度的增加而提高;提高振荡速度和温度均可提高Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效率及对总Cr的吸附速率,但当振荡速度达到150r·min-1时或温度达到40℃时颗粒污泥会出现结构的离散并降低总Cr的平衡吸附量;pH值越低颗粒污泥对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效率就越高,但颗粒污泥表面的硫化物在pH值为酸性时会转化成H2S气体逸出,并因此影响对总Cr的吸附效率.颗粒污泥对总Cr的最大吸附量为6.84mg·g-1,其对总Cr的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式.     

Isolation of Cr(VI) reducing bacteria from industrial e uents and their potential use in bioremediation of chromium containing wastewater

The present study is aimed at assessing the ability of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and Staphylococcus capitis to reduce hexavalent chromium into its trivalent form.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (4800 μg/mL) and S.capitis could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (2800 μg/mL).Both organisms were able to resist Cd2+ (50 μg/mL),Cu2+ (200 μg/mL),Pb2+ (800 μg/mL),Hg2+ (50 μg/mL) and Ni2+ (4000 μg/mL).S.capitis resisted Zn2+ at 700 μg/mL while Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 only showed resistance up to 50 μg/mL.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed optimum growth at pH 6 and 7,respectively,while both bacteria showed optimum growth at 37℃.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis could reduce 85% and 81% of hexavalent chromium from the medium after 96 h and were also capable of reducing hexavalent chromium 86% and 89%,respectively,from the industrial effluents after 144 h.Cell free extracts of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed reduction of 83% and 70% at concentration of 10 μg Cr(Ⅵ)/mL,respectively.The presence of an induced protein having molecular weight around 25 kDa in the presence of chromium points out a possible role of this protein in chromium reduction.The bacterial isolates can be exploited for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium containing wastes,since they seem to have the potential to reduce the toxic hexavalent form to its nontoxic trivalent form.     

生物催化合成的施氏矿物对废水中Cr(VI)的吸附

在模拟多种金属离子[Cr(VI),Cu²⁺,Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺共存的电镀废水中,采用新型生物催化合成矿物无定型羟基硫酸高铁(Schwertmannite,施氏矿物)去除废水中的Cr(VI).实验结果表明,施氏矿物对Cr(VI)络阴离子具有很强的选择性吸附,整个吸附过程符合Langmiur方程.吸附的最佳pH值为6.0～7.0,最大吸附量为55mg/g,且当Cr(VI)初始浓度≤100mg/L时,去除率达90%以上.在温度20～50℃范围内,温度变化对吸附的影响较小.一价阴离子(如Cl^-和NO₃^-)对Cr(VI)的去除干扰极小,而仅当介质中SO₄^2-和PO₄^3-与Cr(VI)的摩尔比分别超过5:1和1:5时,2种无机阴离子才影响施氏矿物对Cr(VI)的吸附.     

Recent advances based on the synergetic effect of adsorption for removal of dyes from waste water using photocatalytic process

The problem of textile dye pollution has been addressed by various methods,mainly physical,chemical,biological,and acoustical.These methods mainly separate and/or remove the dye present in water.Recently,advanced oxidation processes(AOP)have been focused for removal of dye from waste water due to their advantages such as ecofriendly,economic and capable to degrade many dyes or organic pollutant present in water.Photocatalysis is one of the advance oxidation processes,mainly carried out under irradiation of light and suitable photocatalytic materials.The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalytic materials mainly depends on the band gap,surface area,and generation of electron–hole pair for degradation dyes present in water.It has been observed that the surface area plays a major role in photocatalytic degradation of dyes,by providing higher surface area,which leads to the higher adsorption of dye molecule on the surface of photocatalyst and enhances the photocatalytic activity.This present review discusses the synergic effect of adsorption of dyes on the photocatalytic efficiency of various nanostructured high surface area photocatalysts.In addition,it also provides the properties of the water polluting dyes,their mechanism and various photocatalytic materials;and their morphology used for the dye degradation under irradiation of light along with the future prospects of highly adsorptive photocatalytic material and their application in photocatalytic removal of dye from waste water.