木聚糖酶在纸浆顶漂白中的应用试验

采用自制的木聚糖酶ＬＤＡ３对纸浆进行预漂白处理，可以显著降低纸浆的卡伯值。ＬＤＡ３处理木浆的条件为３０℃，１５ＩＵ／ｇ绝干浆，卡伯值最大差为３．０，处理麦草浆的条件为３０℃，３０ＩＵ／ｇ绝干浆。卡伯值最大落差为７，经换算分别可以降低１６％和１５％的有效氯用量，具有降低漂白成本和减少环境污染的显著效果。     

木聚糖酶在纸浆预漂白中的应用试验

采用自制的木聚精酶LDA3对纸浆进行预漂白处理，可以显著降低纸浆的卡伯值。LDA3处理木浆的条件为30℃，15IU／g绝干浆，卡伯值最大落差为3．0。处理麦草浆的条件为30℃，30IU／g绝干浆，卡伯值最大落差为7。经换算分别可以降低16％和15％的有效氯用量，具有降低漂白成本和减少环境污染的显著效果。     

产木聚糖酶嗜碱细菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

利用透明圈法筛选到一株产木聚糖酶的嗜碱芽孢杆菌NT－9，该菌株产木聚糖酶为组成型，正交设计实验结果表明，合适的产酶条件为：木糖15．0g/L，硫酸铵2．5g/L,Tween-80 2.0g/L,K2HPO4 1.0g/L MgSO4-7H2O 0.2g/L,pH值10．0，37℃，200r/min，振荡培养72h，其木聚糖酶活力可达到6．36IU／mL。     

蔗渣浆酶促漂白预处理对纤维形态性质和污染物发生的影响

采用Pulpzyme HC木聚糖酶对蔗渣纸浆进行酶促漂白处理。试验结果表明,酶处理的最佳纸浆浓度为5％,处理时间为60min．酶用量为1．0IU／g。酶处理后纸浆的得率下降不多．强度略有升高,但纸浆白度增加。试验结果还表明,酶处理对纸浆纤维不具有破坏性。对酶处理后纸浆的扫描电镜观察说明,随酶处理时间和酶用量的增加,蔗渣中木聚糖的溶出量加大。酶处理使木聚糖降解溶出,使木质素充分暴露出来,有利于后续漂白剂与之反应．同时可减少后续化学漂白剂的使用量,从而减少有毒氯化有机污染物的产生。随处理时间增长和酶用量增加,处理液中CODcr,和BOD5呈上升趋势。酶用量超过1．5IU／g后．BOD5增长较缓慢,表明酶的作用对纤维表面生物可降解成分的溶出较彻底。     

产木聚糖酶嗜碱细菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

利用透明圈法筛选到一株产木聚糖酶的嗜碱芽孢杆菌NT 9,该菌株产木聚糖酶为组成型。正交设计实验结果表明 ,合适的产酶条件为 :木糖 15 .0g/L ,硫酸铵 2 .5 g/L ,Tween 80 2 0 g/L ,K2 HPO4 1.0g/L ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 .2g/L ,pH值 10 .0 ,3 7℃ ,2 0 0r/min ,振荡培养 72h。其木聚糖酶活力可达到 6.3 6IU/mL。     

碱活化过硫酸盐在某氯代烃污染场地地下水修复中的应用

碱活化过硫酸盐适用于降解污染土壤及地下水中的氯代烃。以典型氯代烃类污染场地为研究对象,开展了碱活化过硫酸盐降解地下水中氯代烃的小试实验研究及中试规模工程应用。结果表明：污染物去除率与污染物初始浓度、氧化剂投加比相关;污染物初始浓度越高,去除率越低;氧化剂投加量越大,去除率越高,用于该场地地下水修复的最佳氧化剂投加比为1%~3%。中试药剂原位注入采用高压旋喷注射工艺,按最佳氧化剂投加比将药剂注入至污染含水层,跟踪监测结果表明：经注药修复8个月后,地下水中氯代烃污染物浓度明显下降,大部分区域的污染物浓度已达到修复目标,局部初始浓度偏高区域的污染物浓度接近修复目标。同时,对氧化剂产物残留$ {\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}^{2 - }_4}$浓度进行监测发现：$ {\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}^{2 - }_4}$浓度随修复后时间延长逐渐降低,通过趋势分析预测的残留$ {\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}^{2 - }_4}$浓度将逐步下降直至恢复正常水平或满足相关标准。     

过硫酸盐氧化去除地下水中乙醇的研究

过硫酸盐原位化学氧化在治理地下水有机污染方面得到了广泛应用,但有关过硫酸盐氧化含乙醇土壤和地下水的研究报告较少。为了评价过硫酸盐氧化乙醇进行地下水修复的可行性,在不加入活化剂的情况下,开展了过硫酸盐氧化去除地下水中乙醇的批实验,主要考察了过硫酸盐投加方式和水温对去除效果的影响。结果表明:过硫酸盐能有效氧化去除地下水中的乙醇,增大过硫酸盐初始浓度可以促进乙醇的去除;过硫酸盐氧化乙醇的过程遵循准一级反应动力学方程,其速率常数为0.344 7d~(-1);分批投加过硫酸盐时应及时续投,避免SO_4~-·不足致使乙醇的去除速率降低;水温能影响过硫酸盐的分解速率,是影响乙醇去除效果的一个重要环境因素;过硫酸盐氧化乙醇会导致水体pH下降和氧化还原电位(ORP)升高。     

粉煤灰在环境工程中的应用

结合改性粉煤灰处理含铅废水的研究成果，系统地阐述了粉煤灰在环境工程领域中的应用，总结了用粉煤灰处理废水的工艺流程和工艺参数，指出了应用中存在的问题和今后研究的重点。     

壳聚糖在废水处理中的应用

利用文献[1]所制得的壳聚糖进行污水处理试验。通过对重金属离子的吸附试验和对污水中悬浊物及菌落的测定,证明壳聚糖在废水处理中的应用价值。     

Fenton试剂在乳化液废水处理中的应用

用Fenton试剂处理乳化液废水，通过试剂在不同配比条件下对废水处理效果的实验比较，选择了最佳反应条件，废水处理后的COD测量结果表明，反应处理在实验室可行。     

Formation of organochlorine compounds in kraft pulp bleaching processes

The most abundant volatile organochlorine compounds (VOCCs), trichloroacetic and dichloroacetic acids and AOX, were determined in bleaching effluent and waste water from three kraft pulp mills during ClO₂ bleaching. 0.6–7.7 g of VOCCs per ton bleached pulp were formed, the most abundant being chloroform and dichloroacetic acid methyl ester. Most of the VOCCs were removed during treatment, and it was estimated that 2–30 t of VOCCs would be removed annually from activated sludge treatment plants in Finnish kraft pulp mills using elemental chlorine free bleaching, most likely by volatilization. Dichloroacetic acid was formed in considerably higher amounts than trichloroacetic acid, and both compounds were removed effectively during treatment. The formation of all organochlorine compounds decreased considerably when non-chlorinated bleaching was employed.     

草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用技术分析研究

中段废水是制浆造纸工业的主要污染源之一，从工程设计的角度出发，对草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用提出一套可行适用的工艺方案；对主要工艺环节参数、设备备有说明，以供同行借鉴。     

草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用技术分析研究

中段废水是制浆造纸工业的主要污染源之一,从工程设计的角度出发,对草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用提出一套可行适用的工艺方案;对主要工艺环节参数、设备备有说明,以供同行借鉴.     

Studies on the mechanism of PCDD/PCDF formation during the bleaching of pulp

Laboratory bleaching experiments were performed to investigate PCDD/PCDF formation mechanisms. The results indicated that there were two (or more) mechanisms; direct chlorination of DBD/DBF and formation from precursors which are not extractable. In general, PCDDs/PCDFs are formed in the C stage but some minor isomers were found to be formed in the E stage.     

Bleached kraft pulp mill discharged organic matter in recipient lake sediment

Environmental properties of organic matter contained halogen and sulfur were studied in sediments of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) recipient lakes and 2 m³ outdoor enclosures (mesocosms). The BKME contributed to 1% (v/v) of the total water flow in the lake downstream of the pulp mill where the sediments contained 1.7 to 4 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic halogen (EOX-Cl) and 0.6 to 0.8 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic sulfur (EOS-S) g⁻¹ of organic matter. Upstream sediment contained 0.03 mg of EOXCl and 0.7 mg of EOS-S g⁻¹ of organic matter. EOX was a better indicator for the influence of BKME in the recipient sediment than EOS. The polarity of BKME contained EOX corresponded to log K^ow of < 1, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOX to > 4.5. HP-SEC analysis of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the EOX showed a peak between 300 to 600 g mol⁻¹ for the BKME and between 1000 to 2000 g mol⁻¹ for the downstream sediment. The MWD of the BKME contained EOS peaked at 300 to 1000 g mol⁻¹, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOS at 1000 to 5000 g mol⁻¹. These results indicate that BKME contained organic halogen and sulfur undergo major structural transformations when incorporated into sediment. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of EOX from sediments formed downstream of the mill and in the mesocosms to the lipids ofLumbriculus variegatus was 0.4 to 0.7. This is of a similar order of magnitude to the BSAF reported for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran.     

The distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior, in relation to a kraft pulp mill effluent

Samples of whole effluent and effluent suspended solids from a kraft pulp mill and sediments and biota from Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs). Tetra-CDFs (4CDF) were consistently detected in whole effluent at levels ranging between 0.3 and 1.3 ng/L. Effluent suspended solids also contained 4CDFs as well as traces of 4CDD, 5CDF, 8CDF and 8CDD. The horizontal sediment distribution suggests that the effluent was the only active source of 4CDF in the area but that 8CDD originated from a more general source such as the atmosphere. An abrupt appearance of 4CDF in the more recent sections of a core profile taken in the bay suggests that an operational change at the pulp mill resulted in the formation of 4CDFs in the mill effluent some time after 1973. Moderate values of 4CDF and low values of 4CDD were found in samples of the shrimp confirming the presence of an active source of 4CDF in Jackfish Bay.     

两相厌氧在浆粕废水处理工程中的应用

浆粕废水组分较为复杂,废水治理具有一定的技术难度,采用两相厌氧、间歇式活性污泥法和物化处理组合工艺可以取得较好的效果。生产运行表明两相厌氧工艺对CODCr、BOD5的去除效率分别达67%～78%和82%～87%,生物水解使挥发酸提高了23～34倍。根据水质和水量的变化情况,及时调整其操作参数可使水解池维持良好的运行状态。     

厌氧折流板反应器处理玉米秆纤维浆粕废水的研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)处理玉米秆纤维浆粕废水 ,研究了工艺条件和工艺特征。试验结果表明 ,在HRT为 2 4h ,OLR为 6 .5 6kgCOD/m3 ·d条件下 ,ABR能有效处理浓度为 6 5 6 0mgCOD/L的玉米秆纤维浆粕废水 ,COD去除率为 75 .1% ;ABR对负荷冲击有良好的适应性 ,且具有推流式和两相式反应器的双重特点。     

活性白土对餐饮业废油脂脱色工艺的探索

选用活性白土对餐饮业废油脂进行脱色研究,对脱色率的影响因素进行了讨论。摸索出活性白土的最佳脱色条件：活性白土用量5％;初始脱色温度60C;终止脱色温度120C;脱色时间25min。