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1.
Aiding multi-level decision-making processes for climate change mitigation and adaptation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Katherine A. Daniell María A. Máñez Costa Nils Ferrand Ashley B. Kingsborough Peter Coad Irina S. Ribarova 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):243-258
Progress towards climate change aware regional sustainable development is affected by actions at multiple spatial scales and
governance levels and equally impacts actions at these scales. Many authors and policy practitioners consider therefore that
decisions over policy, mitigation strategies and capacity for adaptation to climate change require construction and coordination
over multiple levels of governance to arrive at acceptable local, regional and global management strategies. However, how
such processes of coordination and decision-aiding can occur and be maintained and improved over time is a major challenge
in need of investigation. We take on this challenge by proposing research-supported methods of aiding multi-level decision-making
processes in this context. Four example regionally focussed multi-level case studies from diverse socio-political contexts
are outlined—estuarine management in Australia’s Lower Hawkesbury, flood and drought management in Bulgaria’s Upper Iskar
Basin, climate policy integration in Spain’s Comunidad Valenciana and food security in Bangladesh’s Faridpur District—from
which insights are drawn. Our discussion focuses on exploring these insights including: (1) the possible advantages of informal
research-supported processes and specifically those that provide individual arenas of participation for different levels of
stakeholders; (2) the complexity of organisation processes required for aiding multi-level decision-making processes; and
(3) to what extent progress towards integrated regional policies for climate change aware sustainable development can be achieved
through research-supported processes. We finish with a speculative section that provides ideas and directions for future research. 相似文献
2.
在分析主体功能区环境政策需求的基础上,从环境政策目标、政策手段、政策保障三个层面构建了主体功能区环境政策体系框架。初步确立了各类主体功能区环境政策的宏观目标及微观目标;重点研究了环境准入、污染控制、生态补偿、环境经济等政策措施;从环保绩效考核、环境信息公开、资金保障、法律保障等方面探讨了政策保障体系。本研究为进一步深入开展主体功能区环境政策研究奠定了基础,同时可以为开展主体功能区规划等工作提供参考。 相似文献
3.
Riccardo Simoncini 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(1):29-44
The complex relationships between governance processes, ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation are receiving growing
attention by the scientific community. The scope of research in this field is generally that of identifying main governance
factors leading to success or failure in the sustainable management of ecosystems and biodiversity conservation, so to develop
appropriate sectoral and intersectoral policies fostering sustainable use of natural resources. In this paper, a methodological
approach is first presented and then applied to analyse the impacts of agriculture and rural policies on agro-ecosystem services
and biodiversity conservation in the central hills of Tuscany, the Chianti area. This approach is focusing in particular on
governance objectives and instruments used in the management of ecosystem services. A share-farming system based on multifunctional
agriculture ruled Chianti until World War II. Then, after the abandonment of rural areas by share-farmers, governance objectives
and ecosystem management were oriented towards the production of commodities such as wine and olive oil almost ignoring the
provision of public goods such as soil erosion and water run-off control and biodiversity conservation. In order to achieve
a more sustainable ecosystems management in Chianti, there is the need to develop a multifaceted governance strategy to reward
appropriately the supplying of environmental goods and services by farmers. 相似文献
4.
Violeta Cabello Villarejo Cristina Madrid Lopez 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(4):957-975
Water is a precious resource in arid rural areas with irrigated agriculture. Nonetheless, water and agricultural policies in Europe show different management scopes and objectives, usually translated in divergent drivers of rural change. This paper has a double aim: to propose a specific method for quantitative biophysical analysis of water use in rural systems with the multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism approach and to show the usefulness of this method for the assessment of the integration of water and agricultural policies. The river basin scale is chosen, since it is the socioecological unit for water management established in the water framework directive 2000/60/CE. A multi-scale water use accounting is provided for a Mediterranean river basin in Andalusia, integrating water cycle, ecosystems and social levels. Particularly focusing on agricultural production, a relevant set of indicators is proposed in order to analyze and compare different metabolic patterns. Finally, the integration of water and agricultural planning is assessed in terms of external (biophysical) and internal (economic, institutional) constraints of the new water-use patterns generated by the scenarios posed in these policies. While on a European level water policy is ambitious in terms of ecological conservation, the lack of integration within the common agricultural policy and the entanglement of multiple scales of political and economic organization of local ruralities blur its priority in a rather slow transition to a new water culture. 相似文献
5.
Irrigated agriculture is a main user of groundwater. Achieving a sustainable use of groundwater will often require agricultural
land-use changes such as shifting to entirely different kinds of crops and/or technologies. Enhanced understanding of land-use
change is hence required for developing policies for a sustainable water future. We use an agent-based model to investigate
the history of irrigated agriculture in the Upper Guadiana Basin, Spain, in order to learn about the influence of farmers’
characteristics on land-use change and associated groundwater over-use. A shift from vineyards and cereals to horticultural
crops would provide a possibility for higher income with less water use. Such a shift cannot be observed historically. The
model results suggest that risk aversion and path dependency are insufficient to explain this observation, and the organisational
set-up of farms limiting the maximum labour force needs to be considered as additional explanatory factor. Furthermore, it
is shown that different types of farms existing in the UGB can be expected to exhibit distinct responses to drivers of land-use
change such as agricultural policies. It is concluded that a sound understanding of the social system making use of a resource
is required to solve problems of resource over-use. This article demonstrates that agent-based models can be useful tools
to enhance such an understanding even in situations of scarce and uncertain data that are often encountered when dealing with
resource-use problems. 相似文献
6.
Creating a “values” chain for sustainable development in developing nations: where Maslow meets Porter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Philip R. Walsh 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(4):789-805
This paper serves to establish an appropriate framework for prioritizing policy related to sustainable development by combining
elements of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory with Porter’s value chain theory. An appropriate balance of social sustainability,
economic sustainability, and environmental sustainability is defined so that policy makers may be provided some direction
in regard to appropriate and socially just resource priorities. The model that forms the basis for this framework is then
tested through hierarchal regression analysis using data from 45 developing countries. Using these results, the values chain
framework has been refined to consider that self-actualization and sustainable development are one and the same and that the
satisfaction of society’s physiological needs through the prioritization of policies related to environmental sustainability
is the principle motivator for moving on to the attainment of higher-order needs such as increased levels of sustainable development. 相似文献
7.
Ezatollah Karami Afsaneh Mansoorabadi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(6):883-898
The purpose of this paper is to compare the attitudes of male and female rice growers towards environmental sustainability
and identify the constructs that will influence their attitudes and behaviors. A survey methodology with systematic sampling
techniques was used to select 181 households in four villages’ of Kazeroon, Iran. Results indicated that women farmers’ attitudes were more positive toward sustainability. A model was developed to
explain farmers’ attitudes and behavior toward environmental sustainability. Finally, the determinants of sustainable agriculture
attitudes and behavior are discussed.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
8.
Management of catchments for the protection of water resources: drawing on the New York City watershed experience 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Primary purposes for catchment management are to establish a cost-effective allocation and use of its water resources and
to most effectively apply measures to protect the quantity and quality of the water produced by the catchment. For the latter
purpose, diffuse sources of contamination are the greatest difficulty. Diffuse (or non-point source) water pollution poses
challenges for public policy and requires innovative management approaches. Solutions ultimately require behavioural change
and a broad societal response, and must be flexible and adaptive to stochastic catchment conditions and to long-term trends.
Internationally, new models of governance for difficult land and water resource management problems are developing. This paper
reviews the characteristics of ‘wicked’ environmental management problems and the specific policy challenges posed by diffuse
water pollution. A framework for action is derived and compared to the activities and outcomes of water protection in the
New York City watershed. Successes to date in this case indicate that because land management and diffuse sources of pollution
have a local basis, protection of water at source necessitates the fostering of local instruments for an adaptive and twin-track
strategy of applied research and stakeholder deliberation, supported by multi-level partnerships and an enabling regulatory
environment. Although long running, evidence from this case alone is insufficient to establish whether potential trade-offs
between water protection and the economic vitality of catchment communities can be fully resolved. 相似文献
9.
Farmers’ perception of sustainable agriculture and its determinants: a case study in Kahramanmaras province of Turkey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F. Füsun Tatlıdil İsmet Boz Hasan Tatlidil 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(6):1091-1106
The primary purpose of this study was to assess in quantitative terms farmers’ perceptions of sustainable agriculture and
to determine how those are influenced by different socio-economic characteristics and information-seeking behavior of the
farmers. The study was conducted in Kahramanmaras province of Turkey and comprised a stratified sample of 208 farmers from
four districts of the province. The farmers rated each of the 21 selected sustainable agricultural practices for importance
on a 5-point scale, and the total of these ratings formed the sustainable agriculture perception index. The index score was
calculated for each farmer and was treated as the dependent variable in the stepwise regression analysis procedure. The independent
variables were such socio-economic characteristics as the farming system, the total and irrigated area of the farm, membership
of a cooperative society and participation in village administration, and age, education, and income of the farmer; components
of information-seeking behavior included use of the mass media (newspapers, radio, and television), use of the Internet, travel,
and participation in farming events. The results of the study showed that the higher the socio-economic status (more frequent
contact with extension services, higher education, ownership of land, etc.) and the greater the access to information, the
greater the perceived importance of sustainable agricultural practices. It is concluded that if policy-makers and extension
organizations concentrate on these factors, they are more likely to succeed in making farmers more favorably disposed toward
sustainable agriculture. 相似文献
10.
In this article, we analyse how the Internet is used to bring visibility to water affairs. We focus on the way different organisations
exploit the Web in order to participate in the debates about water policy in Spain and to define the topics concerned. To
do this, we have drawn up an issue network articulated around an alternative and sustainable water policy called ‘New Water
Culture’. We examine the composition of this web structure, its hyperlinking styles, key nodes and political trajectories.
The outcomes indicate that the ‘New Water Culture’ has become a main frame in Spanish environmental policy. Supported both
by governmental and non-governmental players, the ‘New Water Culture’ struggles between two opposing trends: its expulsion
from the public sphere and efforts to open it up to scrutiny from political outsiders. 相似文献
11.
Recognition has grown among policy-makers that early in the decision-making process, there is a need for an environmental
assessment of the effects of the policy, plan, and program (PPP) and their alternatives. Strategic environmental assessment
(SEA) is widely recognized as a supporting tool that systematically integrates environmental aspects into strategic decision-making
processes, thereby contributing to sustainable development. In this study, SEA was applied for an integrated assessment of
environmental, social, and economic impacts of a wide range of scenarios for transport-related air quality policies to help
decision-makers in identifying the most sustainable scenario with the purpose of reducing carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations
from transport emissions in Hanoi City, Vietnam. In conducting SEA process, the urban air dispersion model MUAIR was used
as a quantitative tool in prediction of CO concentrations. To evaluate the predicted impacts of scenarios, the SEA objectives
concerning sustainability and the corresponding sustainable indicators were identified. Based on the likely significant predicted
impacts on landscape, biodiversity, and health benefits, mitigation measures were proposed. These included planning in infrastructure
development and implementation of public education campaign. The results of predicted and evaluated impacts of scenarios as
well as proposed mitigation measures were taken into account for supporting sound decision-making that is consistent with
the principles of sustainable development. Considering sustainable impacts of the scenarios, the SEA result clearly indicates
that a combination of policy for public transport development and policy for installation of oxidation catalytic converter
for motorcycles is the most sustainable scenario for reducing CO concentrations from transport emissions. 相似文献
12.
Urbanization and sustainability: challenges and strategies for sustainable urban development in Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Md. Masud Parves Rana 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(1):237-256
Like other developing countries, urbanization in Bangladesh is a growing phenomenon, which is steady in nature but fretfully
affects urban sustainability in the wake of lacking in good governance. Despite urban authorities are concerned about this
issue, they often fail to address the problems due to the fact of uncontrollable and unpredictable rural to urban migration,
and negligence of urban poor’s sustainable living and access to basic services. Virtually the rural poverty problem has been
transposed to urban areas, particularly in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Inadequacy of infrastructural services, basic amenities
and environmental goods; environmental degradation; traffic jam and accidents; violence and socioeconomic insecurity are the
major challenges which are created through rapid urbanization. This paper provides a general understanding of urbanization
in Bangladesh and tries to embrace related sustainability issues and challenges hindrance to sustainable urban development
in Dhaka city. In addition, it presents a brief case study of water supply in Dhaka city which introduces an issue of ‘system
hijack’. The paper concludes providing some strategies that might be helpful to the policy makers in formulating development
policies for sustainable urban services. 相似文献
13.
Shanmugam Packialakshmi N. K Ambujam Prakash Nelliyat 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(2):423-438
This paper describes the informal groundwater market existing in the urban–peri-urban interface of Chennai. The private water
tanker suppliers and packaged water industries utilize the land and water resources of the peri-urban villages. Thus, the
groundwater sources in peri-urban areas play a significant role in meeting the growing urban demand. The villages that are
experiencing the groundwater market are highly influenced by the urbanization and its related activities, due to their proximity
to the city. The transfer of groundwater from the peri-urban villages not only deprives the peri-urban areas of their water
rights but also leads to environmental damage. Agriculture declined in the water marketed villages in the range of 20–95 per
cent during 1990–2007. The pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater level fluctuation varied from 2–6 m to 0–5 m, respectively,
during 1971–2007. The declining trend of the groundwater table and agriculture is highly significant in the water marketing
villages. Moreover, the present groundwater quality is also in a susceptible state due to over extraction. Hence, strengthening
the legal and institutional framework to ensure an equitable access to water for both urban and peri-urban areas is urgently
required. This paper also describes the characteristics of the groundwater transfer, quantification of the marketed water,
the role of the existing regulatory framework, and the institutional mechanisms. Many stakeholder’s meeting and focus group
discussions have been conducted in the villages under study for understanding the socio-economic implications of the water
market. The study ultimately emphasized a sustainable groundwater extraction/market which will safeguard the interests of
the peri-urban and urban communities. 相似文献
14.
This paper presents an empirical study of schooling attendance and collection of environmental resources using cross-sectional
data from Kiambu District of Kenya. Because the decision to collect environmental resources and attend school is jointly determined,
we used a bivariate probit method to model the decisions. In addition, we corrected for the possible endogeneity of resource-collection
work in the school attendance equation by using instrumental variable probit estimation. One of the key findings is that being
involved in resource collection reduces the likelihood of a child attending school. The result supports the hypothesis of
a negative relationship between children working to collect resources and the likelihood that they will attend school. The
results further show that a child’s mother’s involvement in resource collection increases school attendance. In addition,
although there is no school attendance discrimination against girls, they are overburdened by resource-collection work. The
study recommends immediate policy interventions focusing on the provision of public amenities, such as water and fuelwood. 相似文献
15.
This paper examines the relevance to groundwater management of Ostrom’s design principles for managing common property resources.
Experience in four case studies of groundwater management in the Murray Darling Basin in Australia and the Upper Guadiana
Basin in Spain suggests that while Ostrom’s design principles are relevant, sustainable groundwater management depends on
the effective collaboration between government authorities and water users. A flexible and adaptive management approach is
required, with collaboration between scientists, policy makers, water suppliers, and water users. Key management challenges
include agreeing on a sustainable level of extraction, and establishing effective coordination and collaboration, and monitoring
and control systems. Further case studies of groundwater management and their synthesis could make a useful contribution to
the transition towards sustainable groundwater management regimes. 相似文献
16.
Iniobong Aniefiok Akpabio 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):307-317
The study attempted to document beneficiaries’ perceptions on the contributions of Women NGOs (WNGOs) to the socio-economic
empowerment of rural women in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study included: an assessment of WNGOs
contributions to improvements’ in beneficiaries’ socio-economic activities and constraints affecting beneficiaries’ participation
in WNGOs activities. An attempt was also made to determine the existence of a significant relationship between the pre and
post-participation income of WNGOs beneficiaries. A sample size of 240 respondents from 48 Local Women Groups (LWGs), which
are affiliated to three active WNGOs in four states of the Niger Delta were utilized for the study. Findings revealed that
WNGOs cater for a broad spectrum of rural women. WNGOs were revealed to affect beneficiaries’ socio-economic statuses through
increased income generation, health awareness and acquisition of food processing skills. Constraints affecting beneficiaries’
participation in WNGOs activities include: inadequate credit facilities, and poor utilization of credit advances, resulting
in poor loan repayment levels. A direct relationship was also revealed to exist between increased beneficiary exposures to
WNGOs credit facilities and increased beneficiary income. It is believed that WNGOs are capable of more effective inputs into
human and community development activities. Recommendations are proffered in this respect.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
17.
Perspectives and limitations of indicators in water management 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
J. Seager 《Regional Environmental Change》2001,2(2):85-92
This paper addresses the issue of indicators for water management by considering why we need them, what the characteristics
of a good indicator should be, how they can add value to policy and decision-making, and what are their limitations. There
are a vast quantity of data available on water in Europe from which a range of basic trend indicators has been derived. Most
of these indicators address "what is happening?"-type questions. Some indicators go further and address "does it matter?"
questions by assessing trends against prescribed standards and targets. There have been some interesting developments in indicators
which help to understand the demand side of water management and to assess the relative efficiencies of resource usage in
different socio-economic sectors. More effort is needed to bring together relevant social, economic and environmental information
interactively to define indicators that address questions about the sustainability of water use and the contribution of the
water environment to our overall quality of life. The development of indicators to date has concentrated on making the best
use of available information. However, we now need to move from a position of "best available information" towards "best needed
information". This will require better communication between information users and providers. It will also require a rethinking
of exactly what our priority knowledge needs are to support policy-making and environmental management. This is essential
if we are to obtain the best value from limited monitoring resources by eliminating the current redundancy in reporting requirements
and refocusing programmes to deliver priority information needs.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
18.
Mahbubul Alam Yasushi Furukawa Kazuhiro Harada 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2010,12(2):147-158
The tropical deciduous forest in Bangladesh provides a substantial part of country’s forest and where the government has introduced
participatory agroforestry landuse. This study examined management issues, financial viability, and environmental as well
as social sustainability of this landuse system. The forest department allocated a plot of size 1.0 ha among the selected
participants where they were allowed to practice agriculture as well as to plant tree species for 10 years. The financial
indicators indicated that the landuse system was profitable and attractive [net present value (NPV) = US$ 17,710 and benefit-cost
ratio (BCR) = 4.12]. It was also viable and suitable from the social and environmental stand points. The study concluded that
under the present environmental and socio-economic scenario, this production system could be the best management tool that
would earn money, stop forest degradation, and finally be a model of sustainable land management in an overpopulated country. 相似文献
19.
The Guanabara Bay basin, SE Brazil, is shown as an experimental site to evaluate development and sustainability in coastal areas. We developed a Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework in a practical context to integrate natural and socio-economic indicators. Sustainability reflects public policies towards the utilization of natural resources. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) included in DPSIR evaluates losses and benefits resulting from such policies. CBA has some limitations due to the difficulty of valuating environmental goods and services. Instead of valuating them we propose to combine sustainability indicators and defensive expenditures for the implementation of public policies. This approach agrees with the environmental conservation paradigm implicit in sustainable development. It allows an estimation of the physical natural capital depreciation (PNCD), by using it to correct the gross domestic product (GDP) of the study area, and demonstrating the present non-sustainable characteristics of the current policies applied to the area. 相似文献
20.
Silke Gabbert Martin van Ittersum Carolien Kroeze Serge Stalpers Frank Ewert Johanna Alkan Olsson 《Regional Environmental Change》2010,10(2):131-143
Integrated Assessment (IA) models aim at providing information- and decision-support to complex problems. This paper argues
that uncertainty analysis in IA models should be user-driven in order to strengthen science–policy interaction. We suggest
an approach to uncertainty analysis that starts with investigating model users’ demands for uncertainty information. These
demands are called “uncertainty information needs”. Identifying model users’ uncertainty information needs allows focusing the analysis on those uncertainties which users
consider relevant and meaningful. As an illustrative example, we discuss the case of examining users’ uncertainty information
needs in the SEAMLESS Integrated Framework (SEAMLESS-IF), an IA model chain for assessing and comparing alternative agricultural
and environmental policy options. The most important user group of SEAMLESS-IF are policy experts at the European and national
level. Uncertainty information needs of this user group were examined in an interactive process during the development of
SEAMLESS-IF and by using a questionnaire. Results indicate that users’ information requirements differed from the uncertainty
categories considered most relevant by model developers. In particular, policy experts called for addressing a broader set
of uncertainty sources (e.g. model structure and technical model setup). The findings highlight that investigating users’
uncertainty information needs is an essential step towards creating confidence in an IA model and its outcomes. This alone,
however, may not be sufficient for effectively implementing a user-oriented uncertainty analysis in such models. As the case
study illustrates, it requires to include uncertainty analysis into user participation from the outset of the IA modelling
process. 相似文献