Regional Study on Economical Supporting Capacity of Land Resources in Shandong Province

Taking the land resources of 17 cities in Shandong Province as the basic data, the article studied on the economical supporting capacity of land resources in terms of the effect of land on economy. The author classified 17 cities of Shandong Province into four types according to the economical supporting capacity of land resources by quantitatively estimating the evaluation indices of the total amount of land resources, the potential of urban and other nonagricultural land, and the integrated economical sup- porting capacity of land resources, etc. The author proposes the questions requiring further study at the end of this article.     

Evaluation of the Rural Human Settlement in Shandong Province

Abstract

Taking Shandong Province as the research object, this paper uses the principal component analysis method to evaluate the status of the rural human settlement in Shandong Province. It establishes the evaluation index system of the rural residential environment in Shandong Province, including living environment, economy, infrastructure, public service facilities, and ecological environment, in total five comprehensive index, and 20 secondary indexes. Through measurement and sorting of rural human environment development level of Shandong Province in 2010, the 17 cities are divided into-excellent, good, ordinary, poor-four development areas and are analyzed based on the restriction factor in the development of the region.     

Model Modification and Application on Carrying Capacity of Relative Resources

Abstract

Based on the retrospection of researches on carrying capacity, this article reviewed systematically the research progresses on carrying capacity of relative resources (CCRR). Then the viewpoint was put forward that CCRR is not an appropriate method of appraising the regional sustainability, but a sound way to obtain cognition for coordinating spatial location and flow of population and economy. However, as the most popular computing method of CCRR, the Weighting Linear Sum Model is defective in the random of weight choice and the neglect of matching among different resources. Therefore, this article established the Geometric Model on CCRR based on modifying Weighting Linear Sum Model, which can be used to appraise regions where resources are close matching. Employing the Geometric Model, the article empirically analyzed the population and economic CCRR in Hubei Province from 1978 to 2006. The result indicates that the population in Hubei Province is overloading while the economic carrying capacity is abundant compared to the whole country, and the economic insufficiency restricts the population carrying capacity. In the future, Hubei Province will become one of the core developing zones which are characterized by economic conglomeration.     

Comprehensive Assessment on Tourism Eco-environment of Gansu Province Based on Spatial Data

Abstract

The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities’ tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.     

Quantitative Appraisement on Ecological Carrying Capacity in Coastal Rapid Developing Region of Hainan Province

Abstract

The ecological carrying capacity, an important indicator to evaluate the sustainable development of the ecosystem, means the potential ability of the natural ecosystem to carry socioeconomic development while the ecosystem is healthy. It is limited by the carrying capacity of natural resources and environment and the elasticity of the ecosystem. It will be greatly significant to study the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province, the first ecological province admitted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in China. Not only is the natural ecosystem reflected, but also the effects of human activities are emphasized by integrating the ecosystem health analysis into the ecological carrying capacity research. The research results, using the Factor Analysis tools of software SPSS, indicate that the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province fluctuated obviously from 1996 to 2005. The level of the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province was relatively high in 1996, and reached into trough from 1997 to 1999. It has steadily ascended to be above the middle level since the 21st century. The results also show that policy factors, especially the implementation of the ‘Ecological Province’ strategy, were important driving forces to influence the ecological carrying capacity. With the population rapidly increasing, the land and water resources per capita have decreased quickly. The amount of the ecological carrying capacity was promoted remarkably by socioeconomic development especially economic growth and technology applications. All of these will provide useful suggestions to establish and enact regional development policies, especially for protecting and reconstructing the ecology and environment of Hainan Province.     

Mutual Conversion of Land Use between Urban and Rural Area in the Process of Urbanization: A Case Study of Shandong Province

Abstract

Urbanization is one of the driving forces for the land use change in type and structure, and its prominent effect is to convert rural land to urban land. This paper takes Shandong Province as an example to analyze the current situation of the mutual conversion between the urban and rural areas from the aspects of the structure of land use, the decreasing tendency of the cultivated land, the changes of land use in urban and rural residential areas. It points out that cultivated land is converted to residential area land, industrial and/or mining area land. The relationship between the urban area land and the cultivated land is more direct; meanwhile, the changes of rural residential area lag behind obviously. The decrease of the cultivated land and the decline of soil quality will be the two difficult problems in the process of urbanization.     

中国耕地有效供给评价及影响因素分析

近年来,我国耕地供需矛盾日益尖锐.如何在经济社会快速发展的同时,保证一定数量和质量的耕地供给,增强国土资源保障能力是我国当前和未来相当长一段时间内必须面对和解决的问题.本文基于耕地资源有效供给的分析框架,利用1998-2008年全国31个省(市、自治区)社会经济数据、土地利用数据对各省市耕地资源有效供给的历史水平进行评价,并运用主成分分析法分析耕地有效供给水平的主要影响因子.研究发现,1998-2008年间,全国耕地有效供给水平基本稳定在1左右,基本实现有效耕地供需平衡,其中中部8省耕地有效供给水平历年均高于东部和西部,东部11省耕地有效供给水平下降最快.在归纳耕地有效供给水平受农业投入与技术进步、经济、政策等因素影响的基础上,本文强调建立以市场需求为导向、重视耕地利用的农业投入与技术进步、确保耕地数量基本稳定的有效供给体系.     

长江中游城市群生态承载力差异的比较研究

基于生态足迹模型方法，对2008～2017年长江中游城市群生态承载力的差异性进行了比较研究，研究发现：（1）长江中游城市群整体及湖北、湖南、江西省域人均生态足迹呈现“倒U型”特征，在3个省份中，湖北省域人均生态足迹最高，湖南、江西较接近；（2）长江中游城市群整体及湖北省域人均生态承载力呈现逐年上升态势，湖南省域、江西省域总体人均生态承载力呈现微弱下降态势，且江西省域最高、湖北省域次之、湖南省域最低，社会经济发展水平越高的城市，人均生态承载力就越小，生物资源项目比重较高；（3）各省域生态赤字水平均呈现逐渐扩大的趋势，湖北省域最高、湖南省域次之，江西省域最低，且第一梯队的城市主要分布在湖北省域，第四梯队的城市主要分布在湖南省域和江西省域；（4）各省域生态压力指数发展趋势呈现明显的“倒U型”特征，湖北省域最大，湖南省域次之，江西省域最小；（5）各省域生态压力指数发展趋势呈现明显的“U型”特征，江西省域最大，湖南省域次之，湖北省域最小。鉴于此，本文从优化能源消费结构、集约化土地使用结构、差别化使用土地等方面提出相关的对策建议。     

山东省城市土地集约利用评价及其时空差异研究

21世纪的中国进入经济社会发展的转型期,城市化的迅速推进支撑了区域的快速发展,但城市用地的急剧扩张带来耕地锐减、社会矛盾加剧等严峻问题,土地集约利用成为解决问题的关键。在构建城市用地集约度评价指标体系的基础上,通过多因素综合评价模型对山东省城市用地现状进行综合分析,并阐释了其时空变化特征。研究结果表明:山东各城市土地投入程度不断增强、土地产出效益不断增加、土地生态环境质量也有一定程度的提高,但土地利用强度波动较大,城市用地总体上趋于集约化、高级化;各城市土地利用集约化呈现不同的变化轨迹,大致可分为持续上升型、偶变型、波动上升型、先升后变型四种类型;城市间土地集约利用水平整体上呈现由东向西递减的空间分布特征,区域差距有所下降。据此建议中西部地区从加快经济发展、增加土地投入强度、实行城市增长边界限制等方面入手,提高土地利用集约水平。     

山地农业资源的时空性与持续利用研究：以陕西秦巴山地为例

山地是一种特殊的生态环境类型,受自然分异规律与人类经济活动的双重干预和影响,产生其特有的时空分异规律与层带组合格局。通过土地生态类型格局分析,可以揭示山地生态环境类型结构瑟功能的异质性和有序性,从而为探讨农业资源的时空性及其开发利用模式提供科学指导。     

Coal-based transformation of cities in Shandong Province,China

This article primarily discusses the issue of realizing sustainable development in Shandong Province, China through transformation. It compares the global energy structure to China’s, as well as among regions and provinces within China. The article takes six cities in Shandong Province as typical objectives, and then using principal component analysis it calculates their flexibility in regard to city shift and restructuring. The main purpose was to quantify the impact of economic activities triggered by the coal industry, a.k.a the energy economic nexus, and to assess the flexibility and sustainability in transformation among the observed coal-based cities.     

Countermeasures for Implementing Sustainable Development Strategy in Shandong,China

Abstract

This paper set forth the goals of implementing sustainable development strategy in Shandong Province guided by the view of scientific development of being people oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable. Based on the target of sustainable development strategy in Shandong province this paper discusses the main tasks in the sustainable development strategy Countermeasures for sustainable development strategy in Shandong province are put forward.     

Cooperative Game Among Cities in Urban Agglomerations and Economical Sustainable Development

Abstract

This paper analyses redounded profits of cooperation and non-cooperation among cities in urban agglomerations based on game theory. It discusses the problems of economical development among cities with feeble cooperation, and deduces the conclusion that only cooperation of cities produces the maximum profits and realizes Pareto efficiency for cities and urban agglomerations. The paper states that cooperation is the cornerstone of economic sustainable development in urban agglomerations in profits produced by cooperation among cities. Some suggestions to accelerate cooperation among cities are proposed.     

基于相对承载力的区域可持续发展研究——以江苏省为例

采用相对承载力的研究思路和计算方法,分析了1996～2005年相对土地资源承载力、相对经济负载力和综合承载力及其演化过程,在此基础上分析了江苏省可持续发展存在的问题,提出了可持续发展的对策。结果表明：①综合承载力从1996～2005年一直处于富余状态,并且有逐年上升的趋势。相对经济负载力一直处于富余状态,而相对土地资源承载力却始终处于超载状态;相对经济负载力对综合承载力的贡献大于相对土地资源承载力,相对经济负载力的提高是综合承载力快速提高的原因。②区域富余状态差异明显,苏南地区处于极度,苏中地区处于轻度,而苏北地区处于超载。③相对土地资源承载力与相对经济负载力的不协调发展是江苏省可持续发展战略中需要重点解决的问题。④大力发展经济、合理利用资源、促进区域协调发展是实现可持续发展的关键。     

Dynamics of the Coordination of Economy-Society and Resource-Environment in Shandong Peninsula,China

Abstract

Shandong Peninsula, as a more developed region in Shandong Province even the east coast of China, is facing challenges from resources and environment pressures. This paper tried to track and assess the coordination status and the dynamic between resource-environment and economy-society systems in Shandong Peninsula during 2001—2008 in order to provide decision support for regional sustainability. An appraisal index system was built including five aspects of harmony degree (A), sustainability degree (B), opening degree (C), stability degree (D) and controllability degree (E). The results showed that: 1) The coordination level of resource-environment and economy-society in Shandong Peninsula has continuously grown, and it has undergone three stages: no coordinated degree (2001–2002), weak coordinated degree (2003–2006) and basically coordinated degree (2007– 2008). 2) Five indexes of criterion hierarchy also increased overall, but each index showed different trends. Harmony degree, sustainability degree and opening degree rose all the time, while stability degree and controllability degree alternately rose and fell. The improvement of controllability degree was the slowest. 3) The aggravating trend of environmental pollution was slowing down. The economic growth was driven by industrial growth and urbanization typically and investment was still the main force to pull the regional economic growth. At the same time, technology and education were becoming more and more important for economic growth. The level of foreign capital utility declined and the geographical advantage of Shandong Peninsula was exerted. Meanwhile some characteristics of knowledge economy were presenting. Water resources become the main constraint factor of fast development in Shandong Peninsula. It is necessary to further strengthen the coordination ability of government on regional sustainable development.     

浙江省农业自然资源合理利用战略研究

针对浙江省自然资源利用程度高,资源环境压力大,资源浪费和污染等严重问题,根据浙江省资源构成特点,从资源,环境与经济协调发展的观点提出减少非农建设占用耕地,完善基本农田保护工作,绝不以牺牲现有耕地为调整农业产业结构。与此同时,积极开发后备土地资源,补充现有耕地面积;对于水资源必须依法治,管并重,节约与开源相结合,合理利用水资源,着重开发山,海资源和改善农业生态环境等战略措施。     

芜湖市土地资源人口承载力与可持续发展研究

作为人类赖以生存和发展物质基础的土地资源有限性与人口的增长加剧了人地间的矛盾 ,土地资源人口承载力问题日益引起社会关注。在总结芜湖市土地资源利用现状、特点和当前人口食物消费水平的基础上分析了土地现实生产能力 ,同时为预测芜湖市 2 0 0 0、2 0 0 5、2 0 10年人口数量、复种指数、耕地面积及粮食单产发展趋势而分别建立了一元线性回归模型与灰色系统 GM(1,1)模型 ,通过取其平均值以提高其精度 ;并结合温饱型、宽裕型、小康型与富裕型四种消费水平分别探讨了预测期内芜湖市土地资源人口承载力状况 ,最后从耕地总量动态平衡、提高粮食单产与质量及控制人口增长等方面提出了可持续发展对策 ,为芜湖市建立稳定、协调、持续发展的人地关系提供科学的理论依据     

基于可持续发展战略的生态竞争力评价——以安徽省为例

生态资源与经济发展的关系是人类长期关注的热点问题之一。生态竞争力是指一个区域内的生态资源支撑其经济社会可持续发展所具备的资源优化配置的能力,是社会经济发展的基石。依据可持续发展理论,借鉴和参考相关生态环境及区域经济等评价指标体系,建立了以生态环境现状、生态环境压力和主动协调能力3个方面为二级指标的生态竞争力评价指标体系,并以安徽省原17个市为例,运用主成分分析和算术平均法等方法,对各市生态竞争力进行排名和系统分析。初步构建了以生态竞争力为评价指标体系的方法,其结果可为安徽省各市生态建设和经济发展提供科学依据和决策参考     

山东可持续发展试验带的经济学分析

在介绍国家和山东省可持续发展实验区建设的基本情况的基础上．论述了山东省构建可持续发展试验带的必要性。利用区位论的基本原理，结合可持续发展实验区建设经验，综合考虑城市间的距离、经济聚集规模及对资源依赖程度等因素，分析了山东省17个市的相互作用潜力．计算出淄博、济南、烟台、青岛、潍坊、威海、泰安、东营、济宁、滨州、临沂等11个城市具有划入山东省可持续发展试验带的潜力．为规划山东的区域可持续发展提供了理论基础。     

山东省耕地资源与经济增长之间的关系研究

耕地数量的变化与经济增长之间存在着密切的关系,当前文献都是从耕种农作物主地的总数量对经济的影响角度进行研究,而没有考虑耕种不同作物土地数量对经济增长产生影响的不同.该文则将耕地分为耕种粮食、棉花和油料作物三类,以1996 -2009年山东省17个地级市的面板数据为依据开展了分析,通过统计数据显示:种植粮食的耕地面积呈现出先减少后增加趋势,而耕种棉花和油料作物的则呈现出多样化趋势.通过面板数据的单位根、协整以及因果关系检验得到:耕种粮食的土地资源与经济增长之间存在长期的均衡关系,且二者之间存在双向因果关系;但耕种棉花与油料作物的土地面积与经济增长不存在长期均衡关系.最后,提出为了保持山东省经济的持续增长以及充是的粮食供给,必须保证耕种粮食土地的数量,才能进一步促进经济的增长.