Modeling VOCs adsorption onto activated carbon

The activated carbon adsorption process is affected by the characteristics of adsorbent, adsorbate and environmental conditions. In this study, both adsorption and desorption processes are assumed to occur simultaneously and a numerical model was developed with a non-linear driving force in conjunction with the Langmuir model for predicting the overall adsorption process. The numerical model provides both adsorption and desorption rate constants and activation energies. The resultant equilibrium constants are of the same order of magnitude as reported by other studies. Results show that the model could well predict the adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves under various conditions.     

Preparation of needle trap samplers to extract air compounds from indoor electric-vaporizing sources

In this study, gaseous benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) were extracted by passive needle trap samplers (NTS) using divinylbenzene (DVB) particles (mesh sizes 60–80, 80–100, and 100–120, respectively) as packed sorbents. An aspirating pump measured sampling flow rates of NTS, and the relations between BTEX mass and sampling flow rates were sufficient to maintain the extraction performance of these self-designed DVB-NTS. Furthermore, this investigation compared the extraction efficiency of NTS with that of the 100-µm polydimethylsiloxane solid-phase microextration (PDMS SPME) fiber when applied to sample heating products from electric-vaporization anti-mosquito mats, and the experimental results indicated that NTS effectiveness increased with decreasing adsorbent particle diameter. Substantially less mass of gaseous BTEX was extracted using 100-µm PDMS SPME fiber than with NTS of 100–120 mesh DVB for 60-min TWA sampling of anti-mosquito mats. The 100–120 mesh DVB-NTS primarily adsorbed 4.2 ng acetone, 13.3 ng dichloromethane, and 4.5–25.3 ng C10–C12 alkanes.

Implications: The needle trap sampler (NTS) has been evaluated to be a device for sampling heating products from electric-vaporization anti-mosquito mats. Based on the experimental results, this investigation assessed NTS as suitable for occupational and environmental health applications.     

Long-term evaluation of activated carbon as an adsorbent for biogas desulfurization

ABSTRACT

In this study, granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as an adsorbent for biogas desulfurization. Biogas containing 932–2,350 ppm of H₂S was collected from an anaerobic digester to treat the wastewater from a dairy farm with about 200 cows. An adsorption test was performed by introducing the biogas to a column that was packed with approximately 50 L of commercial GAC. The operation ceased if the effluent gas had an H₂S concentration of over 100 ppm. The GAC was replaced by a given weight of new GAC in a subsequent test. According to the results, for H₂S concentrations in the range of 932–1,560 ppm (average±SD = 1,260 ± 256 ppm), 1 kg of the GAC yielded biogas treatment capacities of 568 ± 112 m³ and H₂S adsorption capacities of 979 ± 235 g. For the higher influent H₂S concentrations of 2,110 ± 219 ppm, the biogas treatment and H₂S-adsorption capacities decreased to 229 ± 18 m³ and 668 ± 47 g, respectively. An estimation indicated a requisite cost of US$16.5 for the purification of 1,000 m³ of biogas containing 2,110 ppm of H₂S. This cost is approximately 5% of US$330, the value of 1,000 m³ of biogas.     

Mn改性活性炭吸附VOCs性能

采用浸渍焙烧法对活性炭进行负载锰(Mn)改性,考察改性活性炭对甲苯、乙酸乙酯及甲苯-乙酸乙酯二元混合气体的吸附性能.研究表明,活性炭浸渍于1.0%高锰酸钾溶液改性后的吸附性能最好.对于单组分VOCs气体,改性后活性炭对甲苯和乙酸乙酯的吸附量较未改性前分别提高了12.7%和16.3%;对于二元混合VOCs气体,改性后活性炭对甲苯及乙酸乙酯的吸附量分别提高了13.1%和22.9%.BET、SEM、FTIR等分析表明, Mn改性活性炭比表面积变大和总孔容增加是改性后吸附量提高的主要原因.     

椰壳活性炭吸附消除VOCs

对一种椰壳活性炭对甲基丙烯酸甲酯的吸附消除行为进行了研究,重点考察了甲基丙烯酸甲酯的浓度、流速和吸附温度等条件以及水汽存在时对活性炭吸附行为的影响。结果表明,该颗粒活性炭对甲基丙烯酸甲酯有良好的吸附效果,甲基丙烯酸甲酯进口浓度和进气量的改变均会影响吸附饱和时间,导致其增加或减少。通过变温吸附实验确定降低环境温度对其吸附有促进作用。湿度为50%时吸附量相对干气饱和吸附量影响较小,说明该活性炭抗水汽能力较好。经多次重复再生实验,其饱和吸附量未见明显下降。     

活性炭吸附和脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气的研究

根据滑动弧放电等离子体适于降解高浓度有机物废气的特性,结合活性炭吸附法,提出了吸附器的吸附浓缩和热脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气的方法。在活性炭吸附过程中,最初2 h内甲苯净化率达到100%,随着时间的增加净化率下降;在热脱附滑动弧放电等离子体净化过程中,甲苯降解效率最高为97.3%。将滑动弧放电等离子体反应器出口气相产物收集进行FT-IR检测,发现放电后有CO2、CO、H2O和NO2产生,并分析了甲苯的降解机理。     

制浆厂污泥制备活性炭吸附剂

以制浆厂污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2法、H2SO4法和KOH法3种化学活化法制备活性炭吸附剂,并对产物吸附苯酚性能的影响因素进行比较分析.结果表明,采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法制备的活性炭吸附剂的效果明显优于KOH法,ZnCl2法为最佳制备方法,在其最佳制备条件下(ZnCl2浓度3 mol/L,活化温度800℃,活化时间30 min,升温速率20℃/min)制得的活性炭比表面积可达到500.98 m2/g,得率为46.9％,对苯酚的去除率为70.4％.采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法在最佳制备条件下可以制备孔径分布较宽,中孔结构发达的活性炭.     

废弃物基活性炭吸附挥发性有机污染物特性的研究

研究了废弃物基活性炭对挥发性有机污染物中的典型组分--甲苯的吸附特性.结果表明,废弃物基活性炭吸附甲苯等温线的类型系优惠型吸附等温线,表明具有良好的吸附能力;同时其吸附甲苯时穿透时间的对数与甲苯入口浓度的对数之间具有良好的线性相关性,即可由吸附高浓度甲苯时的穿透时间估算低浓度时的穿透时间;动态吸附时废弃物基活性炭的中孔对甲苯亦具有一定的吸附性能.     

生物基质活性炭对挥发性有机物的吸附

以咖啡渣和柚子皮生物基质为原料用磷酸活化法制成活性炭,探讨了制备条件对活性炭制备的影响,并研究了其对正丁烷的吸附行为。磷酸活化过程中磷酸的用量为生物基质质量的1.5倍为宜,咖啡渣采用超声干燥法,柚子皮采用水热法制备。制备的活性炭对正丁烷均有较好的吸附能力,以柚子皮为原料、磷酸用量为原料质量两倍活化制成的活性炭吸附性能最佳,最大吸附量约为商用活性炭的2倍。吸附剂均能较好地与兰格缪尔曲线相拟合,计算了不同正丁烷覆盖度下的等量吸附热,其变化规律与吸附曲线变化规律相一致。     

Piperazine-modified activated carbon as a novel adsorbent for CO2 capture: modeling and characterization

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, activated carbon and piperazine-modified activated carbon adsorbents were prepared and used for CO2 adsorption. The effect of various...     

水蒸气对改性椰壳活性炭吸附VOCs的影响

选取甲苯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、吡啶3种不同极性的有机物作为吸附质,改性椰壳活性炭作为吸附剂,使用穿透曲线法研究了水蒸气对这3种VOCs在活性炭上吸附行为的影响,并同时讨论了水蒸气预处理对活性炭吸附的影响。结果表明,改性椰壳活性炭对3种有机废气均具有良好的吸附性能,但水蒸气的存在对极性小的甲苯吸附影响较大,尤其当甲苯浓度较低时,水分子易与甲苯产生竞争吸附。在对活性炭吸湿预处理后发现,吡啶、甲基丙烯酸甲酯分子可以置换出活性炭预先吸附的水分子,并且通过低温水蒸气加热再生法可以方便地完成活性炭再生过程,重复再生率可以维持在85%。     

活性炭和沸石分子筛处理非稳定排放VOCs气体的性能比较

通过对活性炭和沸石分子筛的表征和动态吸附/脱附实验,探索2类吸附材料固定床工艺用于非连续、非稳定类型的大风量、低浓度挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放控制的应用前景。结果表明：沸石分子筛孔径分布较为集中,约在0.8 nm,比表面积为393.76 m2·g-1;活性炭孔径分布具有广谱性,微孔集中在1~2 nm之间,比表面积为1 026.71 m2·g-1。活性炭对二甲苯的平衡吸附量总体高于沸石分子筛,其平衡吸附容量随气相平衡浓度和温度的波动要大于沸石分子筛。动态吸附穿透实验结果显示沸石分子筛单位传质区长度的平均传质速率是活性炭的约1.42~1.66倍。相同吸附和脱附温度条件下,活性炭的工作容量要大于沸石分子筛。沸石分子筛在210 ℃时基本脱附彻底,且可得到48倍以上的浓缩脱附气体。50次的吸附、脱附重复实验对沸石分子筛的性能影响不大。沸石分子筛作为吸附材料脱附单位质量的二甲苯所需能耗是活性炭的2.9~4.2倍。活性炭和沸石分子筛可采用不同的工艺方式应用于低浓度、大风量、非稳定排放的VOCs气体的净化。     

活性炭变温脱附高浓度VOCs的工艺参数优化与评价

以甲苯为VOCs类代表性的目标污染物,通过搭建实验装置模拟活性炭吸附脱附处理VOCs工艺,并在不同工艺条件下 (脱附温度、表观风速、高径比) ,选取常见评价因子 (甲苯脱附率、甲苯浓缩比、脱附能耗比) 以探讨不同脱附工况下气体对各床层的脱附情况进行研究。结果表明,甲苯脱附率随脱附温度和表观风速的增加而增加。甲苯浓缩比随脱附温度和高径比的增加,随表观风速的减小而增加,即表观风速是浓缩比的主要控制因素。在中温范围内,低风速、高径比的甲苯浓缩比小于高风速、高径比。在高温范围内,低风速、高径比的甲苯浓缩比仅在峰值段大于高风速、高径比。脱附温度越高,表观风速越小,高径比越大,相同脱附率下的甲苯浓缩比越大。脱附能耗比随脱附温度和表观风速的减小,高径比的增加而降低,即表观风速是能耗比的主要控制因素。高温低风速时的能耗比比中温高风速时的能耗比低。当脱附温度80 ℃、表观风速0.3 m·s⁻¹时,脱附能耗比最低为1.170 6 kJ·g⁻¹。本研究可为变温脱附工程化应用的低碳化工艺优化提供参考。     

生物活性炭在生活污水处理中的基础研究

探讨利用粒状生物活性炭（GBAC）和固定粉状生物活性炭（IPBAC）对人工废水CODMn处理的效果。结果表明,GBAC和IPBAC中微生物的生长（UV254）与运行周期密切相关。GBAC和IPBAC运行初期内,炭表面的生物膜逐步形成,微生物不稳定,从而导致UV254值波动较大。随着运行周期的延长,生物膜生长逐步趋于稳定。随着炭层高度的增长,生物活性炭对CODMn的去除率也越大。GBAC与IPBAC对CODMn都有很高的去除率,但GBAC对CODMn的去除率高于IPBAC。     

Simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from incineration flue gas using activated carbon fibers

Incineration flue gas contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). The effects of SO₂ concentration (0, 350, 750, and 1000 ppm), reaction temperature (160, 200, and 280 °C), and the type of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) on the removal of SO₂ and PAHs by ACFs were examined in this study. A fluidized bed incinerator was used to simulate practical incineration flue gas. It was found that the presence of SO₂ in the incineration flue gas could drastically decrease removal of PAHs because of competitive adsorption. The effect of rise in the reaction temperature from 160 to 280 °C on removal of PAHs was greater than that on SO₂ removal at an SO₂ concentration of 750 ppm. Among the three ACFs studied, ACF-B, with the highest microporous volume, highest O content, and the tightest structure, was the best adsorbent for removing SO₂ and PAHs when these gases coexisted in the incineration flue gas.

ImplicationsSimultaneous adsorption of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from incineration flue gas onto activated carbon fibers (ACFs) meant to devise a new technique showed that the presence of SO₂ in the incineration flue gas leads to a drastic decrease in removal of PAHs because of competitive adsorption. Reaction temperature had a greater influence on PAHs removal than on SO₂ removal. ACF-B, with the highest microporous volume, highest O content, and tightest structure among the three studied ACFs, was found to be the best adsorbent for removing SO₂ and PAHs.     

The adsorption properties of microporous activated carbon prepared from pistachio nut shell for low-concentration VOCs under low-medium temperatures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The control of low-concentration VOCs in coal-fired flue gas is one of the research hotspots at present. In this work, K2CO3 and K2CO3-KCl were...     

Entrained-flow adsorption of mercury using activated carbon

Bench-scale experiments were conducted in a flow reactor to simulate entrained-flow capture of elemental mercury (Hg0) by activated carbon. Adsorption of Hg0 by several commercial activated carbons was examined at different C:Hg ratios (by weight) (350:1-29,000:1), particle sizes (4-44 microns), Hg0 concentrations (44, 86, and 124 ppb), and temperatures (23-250 degrees C). Increasing the C:Hg ratio from 2100:1 to 11,000:1 resulted in an increase in removal from 11 to 30% for particle sizes of 4-8 microns and a residence time of 6.5 sec. Mercury capture increased with a decrease in particle size. At 100 degrees C and an Hg0 concentration of 86 ppb, a 20% Hg0 reduction was obtained with 4- to 8-micron particles, compared with only a 7% reduction for 24- to 44-micron particles. Mercury uptake decreased with an increase in temperature over a range of 21-150 degrees C. Only a small amount of the Hg0 uptake capacity is being utilized (less than 1%) at such short residence times. Increasing the residence time over a range of 3.8-13 sec did not increase adsorption for a lignite-based carbon; however, increasing the time from 3.6 to 12 sec resulted in higher Hg0 removal for a bituminous-based carbon.     

用修正的E-L模型描述二元VOCs气体在活性炭上的吸附平衡

对不同VOCs气体二元吸附平衡进行了研究。结果表明,对于甲苯-苯、甲苯-乙酸乙酯、甲苯-丙酮、丙酮-乙酸乙酯及苯-丙酮二元吸附体系,吸附过程存在置换现象,即随着高沸点组分在床层内吸附量的逐渐增加,相对挥发性大的低沸点组分更易脱附,出现高沸点组分置换低沸点组分的现象,表现为被置换组分的穿透曲线上出现峰值;但对于苯-乙酸乙...     

甲苯气体的动态吸附净化及吸附剂再生实验研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)对甲苯气体的动态吸附净化过程及热空气解吸脱附再生过程.采用3种经验方程对ACF的吸附等温线进行拟合,其中Langmuir方程拟合效果最好,拟合相关系数R2 =0.9960,说明在给定的浓度范围内,ACF对甲苯的吸附是以单分子层吸附为主.穿透曲线实验表明,ACF对甲苯吸附效果较好,Yoon-Ne...