发展与环境

An old Chinese idiom says: the plan for whole day sets in the morning, and so does the Spring's for the whole year. Usually people like to review and prospect at the turning of a year, what had I achieved during the past year and how can I fulfill my aim in the new one? And this is also true for a company, an organization, a city or even a whole country. Then what about the global situation? Recently our journalist had an exclusive interview with Mr. Khalid Malik. UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representativein China about the environmental situation in both China and the world during the past year and what will be like in 2005. Below is the whole content of it。     

Concept of common interests of mankind in the global environmental protection

The concept of common interests of mankind in the environmental protec-tion spurred -by the internationalized and globalized environmental problems are discussed in this paper. While making challenges for many principles and rules of international law and the traditional conception of national security, the concept does play its role in strengthening the environmental protection. However, it cannot be neglected that diflerent national interests pose an obstacle to the realization of the common interests of mankind in the envirormental protection. The article concludes that whether the concept plays its greater role in the environmental protection will depend on many factors, such as the spread of environmental awareness, the revision of the traditional conception and the balanced development of the world economy.     

Pesticide pollution

This is the first half of a review article, which deals with merits and demerits in many aspects of using pesticides, particularly in China for years. The second half published elsewhere continues to discuss about Treatment of Pesticide Wastewater, Special Mention of BHC and DDT, a Case Study of Metropolitan Beijing, and Regula-tions, Standards promulgated lately. This is a review of its kind in English for a time, complete and comprehensive, that a glimpse of it will let you understand the past, present and future of the pesticide pollution situation and measures taken in this country.     

Population growth, management and environmental degradation in China

Environmental problems in China can be divided into two large classes: pollution and destruction of natural environment. Environmental degradation is particularly serious in areas with rapid population growth. In this paper, some of China's major environmental problems, particularly those concerned with land, forests, and continental waters are introduced in order to see how population growth and management have affected these resources over the past few decades. It is also explained how the Chinese plan to cope and eventually solve these problems.     

Multi-indicator assessment of water environment in government environmental auditing

This study focused on a multi-indicator assessment methodology for governmental environmental auditing of water protection programs. The environmental status of Wuli Lake in China was assessed using the global indicators （driver-status-response） developed by the Commission on Sustainable Development, and four additional indicators proposed by the author： water quality, pollution load, aquatic ecosystem status, and lake sediment deposition. Various hydrological, chemical, biological and environmental parameters were used to estimate the values of the indicators for assessment of environmental status of the lake based on time series data sets for twenty years. The indicators proposed can be customized to meeting the needs for particular assessment of water protection programs. This method can be used to evaluate the performance of national environmental protection programs and provide technical support for environmental auditors.     

Water shortage and wastewater reuse

China is not abandantly supplied with freshwater. Water shortage is a crucial problem in northern China, and affects the development of economy and causes a host of environmental and ecological problems. Water saving, water resource protection, strengthening of management and exploitation of new water resources are some of the major measures for solving the water shortage problem. Wastewater reuse is also a feasible and practical means of alleviating the problem.     

Striving for efficiency,harmony and vitality─A human ecological approach to urban sustainable development

Sustainability can only be assured with a human-ecological understanding of the complexinteractions among environmental,economic and social/cultural factors and with careful planningand management grounded in ecological principles. This paper will probe an integrative methodologyfor achieving environmentally sound, economically productive, and ecologically responsibledevelopment in urban and industrial areas of China through ecological regulation. The central objec-tive is to promote highly efficient resource use rather than high speed development,harmonious sys-tem′s relationship rather than inflexible compartmentalization, and robust and vital self-organizationrather than bureaucrstic control. This ecological order is to be regulated through technological inno-vation,institutional reform, and behavioral incentives that promote positive economic dcvelopmentwhile mitigating negative environmental impacts.     

Relationship between urban eco-environment and competitiveness with the background of globalization: Statistical explanation based on industry type newly classified with environment demand and environment pressure

Within the global urban system, the statistical relationship between urban eco-environment(UE) and urban competitiveness(UC)(RUEC) is researched. Data showed that there is a statistically inverted-U relationship between UE and UC. Eco-environmental factor is put into the classification of industries, and gets six industrial types by two indexes viz. industries‘ eco-environmental demand and pressure. The statistical results showed that there is a strong relationship, for new industdal classification, between the changes of industrial structure and evolvement of UE. The drive mechanism of the evolvement of urban eco-environment, with human demand and global work division was analyzed. The conclusion is that the development stratege, industrial policies of cities, and environmental policies fo cities must be fit with their ranks among the global urban system. At the era of globalization, so far as the environmental policies, their rationality could not be assessed with the level of strictness, but it can enhance cities‘ competitiveness when they are fit with cities‘ capabilities to attract and control some sections of the industry‘s value-chain. None but these kinds of environmental DOlicies can probably enhance the UC.     

A profile of environmental science in China

This paper concisely introduced the eco-environmental survey in China and the Chinese scientific programme for environmental research which is being practiced or being planned. China has established a nation-wide system relating to environmental scientific research and environmental administration and has taken the following strategies for solving the environment problems: (1) a series of laws and regulations for environmental protection has been promulgated so as to strengthen the legal administration and economic punishment. (2) the idea of ecological construction has been proposed for the purpose of taking the environmental protection work into the consideration of the national and provincial (or regional) economic construction planning. (3) spreading ecological engineering and ecological technologies have reduced the pollutant sources and have increased the industrial and agricultural economic profit.     

Effects of litter removal on plant species diversity: a case study in tropical Eucalyptus forest ecosystems in South China

The removal of litterfall in the Eucalyptus plantations in South China affected the plant biodiversity in these ecosystems was found based on the field observation and lab analysis.The protection times of species diversity of three Eucalyptus communities were different (Community Ⅰ with no protection,Community Ⅱ with 7-year-protection,Community Ⅲ with 35-year-protection).The total numbers of species in these communities(from Community Ⅰ to Ⅱ to Ⅲ)are 1,6,and 17,respectively.The tesults showed that the protection of litterfall from being taken out of the ecosystem is important and can increase plant species diversity.This study ombined biomass data,the chemical and physical properties of the soil,and the diversity of microbes in the communities.It is concluded that the mechanism of the effects of litter removal on biodiversity includes three factors:removing the suitable habitat of microbe and animal,decreasing the soil mutrient, and changing the special habitat for the germination and growth of invading plants.These results should have important implications for managing these Eucalyptus forest ecosystems in South China.