膜法回收有机蒸汽进展

简要介绍了有机蒸汽（voc）的来源、分类及其对人体和环境的危害。介绍了膜分离技术在有机蒸汽回收中应用的工作原理、工艺设计特点和要求等。简要介绍了几种从VOC中回收溶剂的方法,并分析如何进行选择。较详细地论述了蒸汽渗透、气体膜分离、膜基吸收三种膜技术用于废气中挥发性有机化合物去除和回收的研究进展。论述了国外采用膜技术回收废气中VOC的工业应用情况,而中国的膜分离法回收VOC处于起步阶段,并就今后的发展方向进行了评述。     

油田采出水膜法处理技术应用研究进展

油田采出水的处理回用是一种必然的趋势.膜法处理技术可以解决传统水处理中存在的问题,有效地去除采出水中的油类、细菌、硬度,防止油层堵塞、结垢和外排水的环境污染,对于促进油气田可持续发展、水资源再利用和环境保护具有非常重要的意义.微滤、超滤和纳滤、反渗透膜技术在油田采出水处理中已有较多的应用研究.超滤在除油和除浊方面表现出...     

膜技术及其组合工艺在重金属废水中的应用

膜技术作为一种新型分离技术,在处理废水的同时又能回收重金属离子,因而在重金属废水处理中得到了较为广泛的应用。文章全面地综述了在重金属废水处理中应用比较广泛的各种膜技术及其组合工艺。     

膜生物反应器处理技术的研究现状

膜生物反应器（Membrane Biological Reactor,MBR）是将膜分离技术与生物处理技术相结合形成的一种新型、高效的污水处理技术。通过论述膜生物反应器的种类、构造和特点等方面内容,以及国内外对膜生物反应器在污水处理技术方面和应用方面的现状及研究方向,重点解决工艺中存在的能耗高、膜的价格高、通量低、污染较快等缺点,膜生物处理技术在污水处理中必将得到更广泛的应用。     

臭氧对膜法水处理中膜污染的影响

膜过滤是一种高效水处理技术,包括污水处理中的膜-生物反应器（membrane bioreactor,MBR）和针对二级生物处理出水（生产再生水）、地表水（生产饮用水）的膜过滤工艺等,其中膜污染是制约膜工艺应用的一个主要问题.臭氧具有强氧化性,在水处理上得到了广泛的应用.近十几年来,针对臭氧-膜过滤组合工艺的研究正变得越来越多,因此本文对这些研究进行了系统综述与分析.在MBR组合臭氧控制膜污染方面的研究中,目前结论相对较少.可以通过对MBR进水预臭氧化或者投加适量臭氧到MBR混合液这2种方式来减轻MBR膜污染.在针对微污染水的臭氧-膜过滤组合工艺中,根据臭氧的功能和结构形式主要分为3种,分别是污染膜臭氧清洗、分离式臭氧-膜工艺和一体式臭氧-膜工艺.绝大部分报道认为臭氧可以有效地控制膜污染的发展,但也有少数投加臭氧后膜污染加剧的情况.目前,臭氧化影响膜污染机制的研究主要集中在有机物方面,根据原水水质和工艺结构参数等的不同,颗粒物、微生物和无机物质也在这个过程中起着相应的作用.另外,在迄今为止的研究中,还缺乏对于臭氧投加方式和分散方式的统一衡量和比较标准.作者建议应该加强对一体式臭氧-膜组合工艺的研究,并且要注意臭氧投加的工艺经济性.     

膜曝气生物膜反应器生物脱氮研究进展

膜曝气生物膜反应器（MABR）是一种新型生物污水处理技术,具有氧传质效率高、底物氧气异向传质等特点,在污水高效脱氮、节能降耗、污泥减量化等方面优势明显,近年备受关注。近20多年的研究中,系列研究工作对影响MABR运行效果的气体传质、物质传递及微生物群落结构等因素进行了深入探索,在工艺控制与优化、反应器设计与改进、脱氮工艺过程模型开发与模拟等方面取得较大进展突破。随着膜材料的不断改进和全面应用,MABR技术具有良好的工程实践前景。     

The effect of coupling coagulation and flocculation with membrane filtration in water treatment： A review

Water supply and sanitation demands are foreseen to face enormous challenges over the coming decades to meet the fast growing needs in a global perspective. Significant growth in the industry is predicted and membrane separation technologies have been identified as one of the possible solutions to meet future demands. Application and implementation of membrane technology is expected both in production of potable water as well as in treatment of wastewater. In potable water production membranes are substituting conventional separation technologies due the superior performance, potential for less chemical use and sludge production, as well as the potential to fulfill hygienic barrier requirements. Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) technology is probably the membrane process which has had most success and has the best prospects for the future in wastewater treatment. Trends and developments indicate that this technology is becoming accepted and is rapidly becoming the best available technology (BAT) for many wastewater treatment applications. A major drawback of MBR systems is membrane fouling. Studies have shown that fouling mitigation in MBR systems can potentially be done by coupling coagulation and flocculation to the process.     

工业源VOCs治理技术效果实测评估

根据珠三角地区典型工业行业VOCs治理技术应用情况调研数据,选取6种典型治理技术开展现场测试,比较各类技术对VOCs的去除率和对VOCs物种的去除特征. 结果表明:活性炭吸附、水喷淋+活性炭吸附、活性炭吸附浓缩+催化燃烧、低温等离子体、溶液吸收、水喷淋+溶液吸收6种技术对工业VOCs去除率的范围分别为-98.1%~79.2%(负值表示可能存在活性炭脱附作用,下同)、-167.4%~57.5%、-3.8%~66.5%、34.1%~96.3%、22.8%~43.1%和2.7%~19.6%. 活性炭吸附及其组合技术对ρ(VOCs)<100 mg/m3的废气处理效果很差;而低温等离子体对ρ(VOCs)>1 000 mg/m3的废气治理效果较差. 活性炭吸附及其组合治理技术对芳香烃、酯类和醚类的去除率一般在40.0%左右;低温等离子体对除卤代烃外的其他物种去除率在28.6%~74.6%之间;溶液吸收法对醚类、芳香烃、酯类和卤代烃的去除率达33.2%~90.1%,而水喷淋+溶液吸收法对醇类、酮类和醚类的去除率可达到41.8%~98.9%. 未来应从经济、技术、监管三方面对工业VOCs治理技术进行综合评估,同时应对更多工业源的VOCs治理技术开展实测评估.      

膜污染及其防治措施研究

膜污染是膜生物反应器的主要问题,严重影响了废水处理的效果.膜生物反应器中膜污染的问题是不可避免的,并且有很多因素影响着膜污染.在充分研究膜污染的原因和特征的基础上,可以通过选择最优的膜生物反应器类型,对料液进行预处理以及优化膜分离的操作条件来预防污染的形成.另外,膜的定期清洗和再生也是减轻膜污染所不可缺少的.通过合理的防治措施可以有效的减轻膜污染,使膜技术不断进步和完善,以便使其在水处理技术方面得到更广泛的应用.     

膜法水处理技术及研究进展

综述了反渗透、微滤、超滤、纳滤、渗透蒸发、液膜等几种常见膜技术的应用现状及进展情况 ,主要对反渗透膜的原理、流程、存在的问题及开发和利用情况进行了介绍。简单概括了近年发展起来的双极膜等新膜分离技术的开发研究。展望了膜分离技术的前景     

Removal of multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from an oil refining wastewater treatment plant by a compost-based biofilter system

Waste gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants are often characterized by the presence of multicomponent and various concentrations of compounds. An evaluation of the performance and feasibility of removing multicomponent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in off-gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants was conducted in a pilot-scale compost-based biofilter system. This system consists of two identical biofilters packed with compost and polyethylene (PE). This paper investigates the effects of various concentrations of nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and empty bed residence time (EBRT) on the removal efficiency of NMHC. Based on the experimental results and practical applications, an EBRT of 66 s was applied to the biofilter system. The removal efficiencies of NMHC were within the range of 47%–100%. At an EBRT of 66 s, the average removal efficiency of benzene, toluene, and xylene were more than 99%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. The results demonstrated that multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from the oil refining wastewater treatment plant could be successfully removed in the biofilter system, which may provide useful information concerning the design criteria and operation of full-scale biofilters.     

VOC removal from contaminated groundwater through membrane pervaporation. (Ⅱ): 1,1,1-trichloroethane- SDS surfactant solution system

The conventional “ pump-and-treat“ technology for subsurface remediation of groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds(VOCs) such as 1,1, l-trichloroethane(TCA), a common chlorinated organic solvent, has hmitation of prohibitively long treatment time due to extremely low water solubility of the VOCs. Surfactant-based soil remediation has emerged as the effective technology that substantially reduces the treatment time. In order to make the whole process economical, the surfactant used in soil washing has to be recovered and reused. This study examined the recovery of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate( SDS), from soil remediation fluids containing TCA, using a bench-scale membrane pervaporation unit. The effects of high TCA concentration, surfactant dosage, and flow rate on permeationflux and selectivity( a value) of the process were evaluated. In general, higher surfactant concentration yielded lower TCA flux and constantwater flux, resulting in declining a values; higher flow rate of TCA feed stream results in higher VOC flux and selectivity, an indication of the effect of concentration polarization; higher TCA feed concentration produces higher TCA permeation across the membrane, however, the seletlvity was virtually unchanged unless the total TCA concentratinn exceeded 2000 ppm.     

膜集成技术在水处理中的应用

膜技术是一种高效、低能耗和易操作的液体分离技术,在水处理领域有很好的应用前景.但由于废水的复杂性,单一膜技术很难达到处理要求,而且容易导致膜的污染及损坏.介绍了几种常见的膜集成技术在水处理中的应用,着重介绍了微滤/超滤与反渗透集成技术的应用.     

Reduction of VOC emissions by a membrane-based gas absorption process

A membrane-based gas absorption (MGA) process was evaluated for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on C6H6/N2 mixture. The absorption of C6H6 from a C6H6/N2 mixture was investigated using a hydrophobic polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor and the aqueous solution of N-formyl morpholine (NFM) as absorbent. The effects of various factors on the overall mass transfer coefficient was investigated. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of C6H6 could reach 99.5% ...     

膜生物反应器（MBR）技术研究及其在国内应用现状

摘要：膜生物反应器（MBR）是一种膜分离单元与生物处理单元相结合的新型污水处理技术,在污水处理与曰用、垃圾渗滤液处理方面有良好的应用前景。本文阐述了MBR技术特点、分类、在生活污水处理、工业废水处理、垃圾渗滤液处理等方面的应用、存在的问题、以及研究发展方向。预测MBR将有巨大的发展潜力。     

电晕法处理易挥发性有机物(VOCs)的实验研究

叙述了电晕法处理易挥发性有机物（ＶＯＣｓ）的实验研究。从实验中得出ＶＯＣｓ去除率与电场强度和空管速度的关系。对比了有填料与无填料时线 管式反应器处理ＶＯＣｓ的效果     

膜生物反应器废水处理工艺的研究进展

膜生物反应器是近年新发展起来的高效废水处理工艺。该文介绍了膜生物反应器组合工艺的特点,综述了国内外的研究进展以及目前的应用现状,展望了今后的发展前景。      

用BP神经网络模型定量估算石化企业炼油废水处理中的VOCs

将BP神经网络理论引入石化企业炼油厂废水处理中的VOCs挥发量估算。在分析影响VOCs挥发因素的基础上,利用基于MATLAB神经网络工具箱的图形用户界面GUI,建立了石化企业炼油废水处理中VOCs挥发量估算的BP神经网络模型。用该模型对样本集进行了学习训练和仿真测试,并将训练好的神经网络应用于相关实例的估算。结果表明,应用BP神经网络方法进行石化企业炼油废水处理中VOCs挥发量估算结果与美国环保局推荐软件WATER9的计算结果误差在1.49%~17.46%之间,为石化企业炼油废水处理中VOCs挥发量估算提供了一种较为可靠的方法。     

焦化煤气化废水生化除酚的实践与发展

含酚废水是我国水污染控制中重点解决的有害废水之一。对于高浓度合酚废水,应尽可能回收酚,中低浓度的则以生化处理为主。本文介绍了我国目前焦化煤气化废水处理中实际运行的以及发展中的几种生物除酚工艺。     

依据VOC浓度变化优化场地SVE通风流量的研究

土壤气相抽提(SVE)中挥发性有机污染物(VOC)的扩散速度是确定SVE抽提流量的依据。为了优化场地SVE通风流量,结合试验现场土壤的土质条件和含水率,测试了污染物在不同均质土质中的扩散速度,绘制了污染物浓度随时间变化曲线。研究表明污染物的扩散在不同种土质和含水率的条件下,浓度的变化具有相似规律:快速上升阶段,出现拐点,浓度稳定阶段;在测试的压力场范围内,结合场地不同的抽提流量(Flow rate)的通风以及停止通风进行浓度恢复的试验,同样获取了场地污染物的浓度变化曲线,即场地污染物浓度平衡破坏和浓度平衡的恢复。测试数据显示,不同土质结构的场地内不同区域的污染物浓度恢复曲线和单一土质的污染物扩散具有相同的规律。因此可以采用扩散速度来求解抽提的通风流量。根据室内外的测试数据,文中给出了理论计算的场地优化通风速率建议。