含水回收塑料加热挤出造粒机制成

一种全新的废旧塑料回收再生加工机械——含水回收塑料加热挤出造粒加工机,日前由山东省莱州市曙光塑料化工机械厂研制成功。采用该设备回收处理各类废旧塑料,不仅能有效回收资源,还能创造可观的经济效益。 　　该机主体加热挤出装置是采用全封闭螺筒螺杆结构,通过螺筒外部分区加温,使废旧塑料在螺筒腔内既能充分融化,又可蒸发塑料中的水分,使塑料可直接带水加工,并在螺杆的旋转推挤作用下,使塑料得以完全搅拌,达到理想的塑化状态,直接合成再生塑料。由于其螺筒螺杆设计合理,而且塑料在融化混炼过程中能够保持原有分子结构,使再生塑料横面分子结构紧密,为二次利用提供可靠的质量保证。此外,可根据塑料新旧和污染程度实行分级加工,大大提高废旧塑料的利用价值。 　　该设备在挤出终端进行杂质过滤,可以有效滤出各种细微杂质。由它生产的再生塑料无老化现象,质地纯净,表面光滑。该设备还配备破碎清洗一体机和牵引切粒机,可组成一套自动化流水作业生产线,废旧塑料可依次经专用破碎机破碎后,直接通过洗料筒清洗,并由二次水池漂洗后,加入主机塑化过滤,最后切制成颗粒塑料。由于整个生产过程对废旧塑料中的杂质污染物经二次水洗和过滤处理,解决了废旧塑料中的杂质去除难题,并且塑料清洗后无需晾晒,省工省时,又节省生产场地,为废旧塑料的二次开发利用提供了有效途径。 (于茗仲)     

废旧塑料的综合利用

近年来,治理"白色污染"、消灭"白色公害"已成为全球的共识,从废旧塑料的最终处置、直接再生利用、改性再生利用、热分解以及与其他材料复合等几个方面综述了废旧塑料的综合利用途径,其中废旧塑料和其他材料复合的再生利用技术有很好的发展前途,将成为今后研究的新热点.     

莱州市塑料再生产业发展浅析

山东省莱州市再生塑料行业起步较早,近年来发展迅速。从分析莱州废旧塑料回收行业发展的历史、现状及存在的问题入手,指出目前莱州该行业发展面临的机遇和挑战,并从政府和企业两方面提出了解决问题所应采取的措施,指明莱州废旧塑料回收利用的发展方向。     

提高废旧塑料再生产品品质的预处理技术

废旧塑料是一种很有价值的可回收利用资源,经过再生可制取高品质塑材制品。但目前因塑料种类、颜色等原因,难有统一、合适的预处理技术,从而导致废旧塑料回收率低和塑材产品品质低等问题。针对废旧塑料的分选、破碎、清洗预处理技术影响塑材产品品质因素进行研究,重点考察破碎料粒度与氯乙烯(VCM)含量对再生塑料物化性质的多因素影响,实验结果表明,PVC型材产品杂质粒子数≤12个/900cm2,优于国标GB5761-1993相应的SG3型号优等品要求的16个/900cm2,且水循环利用率大于90%,环保效益好,具有极大的推广价值。     

废旧塑料的简易分类方法

塑料制品因其具有质量轻、外观美、加工方便、经济实用等特点而颇受人们青睐,广泛用于各行各业和日常生活用品中,但塑料制品的大量使用也给环境造成了严重污染,消除塑料污染的最积极的办法是对废旧塑料进行回收再利用.塑料种类繁多,不同类别的塑料性质和用途都不相同.介绍几种塑料分类的简易方法,以利于废旧塑料的回收利用.     

废旧塑料的处理工艺

介绍了当前国内外几种处理和利用废旧塑料的方法,特别对废旧塑料掩埋、再生、回收、焚烧、热裂解制造燃料油和化学品的技术和存在的问题作了重点探讨.     

废旧塑料回收利用现状及问题

塑料制品在给人类带来便利的同时,也带来了极大的负效应,随着塑料使用量的大幅增加,废旧塑料由于难以自然降解,所造成的环境污染日趋严重。回收利用为处理废旧塑料垃圾开辟了减量化、无害化、资源化的道路。目前各国对废旧塑料回收利用都非常重视,投入大量人力、物力,乃至通过立法,开发各种废旧塑料回收利用的关键技术。综述了废旧塑料的回收和利用现状,以及国内近些年来废旧塑料处理和回收利用技术的研究进展及其发展趋势。     

专利资讯

专利名称：一种以废旧塑料为主要原料制成的板材及制备方法 本发明涉及废旧塑料的回收利用,具体地说是一种利用废旧塑料生产的板材及其加工方法。本发明给出的板材所用原料按质量比为：废旧塑料20～50份,粉煤灰0．8～2份,轻质碳酸钙0．8-2份,木屑钆11份,塑料助剂0．4-1份。用上述原料配比加工板材的方法为：取废旧塑料、轻质碳酸钙、粉煤灰、木屑、塑料助剂待用;先将废旧塑料通过输送带机进入破碎机中粉碎,然后加入塑料助剂经一级挤出于170～200℃溶出;按比例混合的木屑、轻质碳酸钙和粉煤灰送入二级挤出机经口模出毛板型材。本发明与钢模或木模相比具有韧性好、不易开裂、耐水、防锈、质量轻、可锯割、可钉钉的优点,在生产过程中不用清洗。生产所需主要原材料为废旧塑料（垃圾塑料）,主要来自垃圾处理场,其加工处理对环境无污染。     

日本含氯塑料的再生利用

含氯塑料的使用及再生利用有利于节能减排,介绍了含氯塑料和其再生利用的特性,以及日本含氯塑料的再生利用现状和存在的问题,提出推动再生利用技术开发和构筑高效回收运转体系等应对措施.     

生活垃圾中废旧塑料的二次分选技术

由于城市垃圾中塑料品种繁杂、质量差,回收利用十分困难,国内外对于垃圾中的废旧塑料回收利用甚少。通过技术比选,确定采用多种分选技术的优势组合,以风力分选-X射线分选-光电分选相结合的组合工艺技术,实现对主要塑料品种PO,PS,PVC,PET等的有效分离,以加大废旧塑料的回收利用,减少环境污染,提高资源利用效率。     

Waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens

The Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF), as its voluntary energy-saving action plan, proposed a 10% energy reduction by 2010 with 1990 as the basis. Further, it has suggested an additional 1.5% energy saving by the use of waste plastics as a metallurgical raw material. The amount of processing of waste plastics which corresponds to this amount of energy conversion is about 1 million t scale during 1 year. Conventional known methods for recycle-processing of waste plastics include, for example, the method of injection into a blast furnace to use waste plastics as an iron-ore reducing agent instead of coal. On the other hand, the coking process is considered to be suitable as a waste plastic recycling facility because the process involves coal carbonization in a high-temperature and reducing atmosphere. Carbonization tests with mixed waste plastics were conducted with laboratory equipment and in actual coke ovens. As a result, it was confirmed that the waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens is feasible. Therefore, a waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens was started as a chemical recycling technology at Nippon Steel.     

废塑料再生产业园的规划及环境影响评价

论述了我国废塑料再生行业存在的问题和废塑料再生产业园的规划特点。探讨了产业园的合理选址、系统规划布局、同步环境影响评价在废塑料再生产业园建设中的重要性,介绍了环境影响分析和园区清洁生产与循环经济等内容。指出建立废塑料再生产业园,必须通过合理规划布局并及时开展环境影响评价工作,这是保护环境、防控污染的有效措施。     

A simple model for complex waste recycling scenarios in developing economies

Future uncertainties involved in the current waste management activities in the developing nations have been addressed through determining plastic waste recovery, recycling and landfilling scenarios in two case study countries — Bangladesh and India. In order to discern and comprehend the material in-flow and out-flow of such complex successive plastics recoveries and recyclings, within the closed-loop recycling systems present in these two countries, a simple mathematical model is developed. The model is based on limited published information, on extensive fieldwork in Dhaka, Calcutta and Delhi, and on experimental data. An environmental legislative factor has been included in the model which will allow balancing of the quality of recycled products and the amount of landfilling non-recyclable plastics. The model has the potential to create and predict a sound waste database for these countries. Bangladesh has been chosen as a model developing country for this study. The mathematical model can be used in future decision making processes within the plastics recycling arena of the countries concerned to achieve an environmentally sound and cost effective waste management option.     

Cryo-comminution of plastic waste

Recycling of plastics is a big issue in terms of environmental sustainability and of waste management. The development of proper technologies for plastic recycling is recognised as a priority. To achieve this aim, the technologies applied in mineral processing can be adapted to recycling systems. In particular, the improvement of comminution technologies is one of the main actions to improve the quality of recycled plastics. The aim of this work is to point out suitable comminution processes for different types of plastic waste. Laboratory comminution tests have been carried out under different conditions of temperature and sample pre-conditioning adopting as refrigerant agents CO2 and liquid nitrogen. The temperature has been monitored by thermocouples placed in the milling chamber. Also different internal mill screens have been adopted. A proper procedure has been set up in order to obtain a selective comminution and a size reduction suitable for further separation treatment. Tests have been performed on plastics coming from medical plastic waste and from a plant for spent lead batteries recycling. Results coming from different mill devices have been compared taking into consideration different indexes for representative size distributions. The results of the performed tests show as cryo-comminution improves the effectiveness of size reduction of plastics, promotes liberation of constituents and increases specific surface size of comminuted particles in comparison to a comminution process carried out at room temperature.     

The potential environmental gains from recycling waste plastics: Simulation of transferring recycling and recovery technologies to Shenyang, China

With the increasing attention on developing a low-carbon economy, it is necessary to seek appropriate ways on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through innovative municipal solid waste management (MSWM), such as urban symbiosis. However, quantitative assessments on the environmental benefits of urban symbiosis, especially in developing countries, are limited because only a limited number of planned synergistic activities have been successful and it is difficult to acquire detailed inventory data from private companies. This paper modifies and applies a two-step simulation system and used it to assess the potential environmental benefits, including the reduction of GHG emissions and saving of fossil fuels, by employing various Japanese plastics recycling/energy-recovery technologies in Shenyang, China. The results showed that among various recycling/energy-recovery technologies, the mechanical waste plastics recycling technology, which produces concrete formwork boards (NF boards), has the greatest potential in terms of reducing GHG emissions (1.66 kg CO₂e/kg plastics), whereas the technology for the production of refuse plastic fuel (RPF) has the greatest potential on saving fossil fuel consumption (0.77 kgce/kg-plastics). Additional benefits can be gained by applying combined technologies that cascade the utilization of waste plastics. Moreover, the development of clean energy in conjunction with the promotion of new waste plastics recycling programs could contribute to additional reductions in GHG emissions and fossil fuel consumption.     

Efficient chemical recycling of waste fiber-reinforced plastics: use of reduced amounts of dimethylaminopyridine and activated charcoal for the purification of recovered monomer

We have achieved major improvements in the efficient chemical recycling of waste fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs). The effects of reduction in the amounts of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) used for depolymerization were examined. The treatment of waste FRP in the presence of 1 or 2 wt% DMAP resulted in the successful recovery of monomeric materials that could be employed in the polymerization process to produce recycled plastic. The separation of linker units from glass fiber, however, was unsuccessful. The purity of the recovered monomeric material, when treated with activated charcoal, was improved to about 70%. This resulted in effective decoloration of the recovered monomer. Finally, the purified material, after undergoing repolymerization, provided high-quality recycled plastic comparable to new plastics produced from new monomers.     

我国废塑料回收和进口现状浅析

废塑料是我国四大再生资源品种之一．废塑料国内回收和进口数量大、种类多。对我国废塑料国内产生和进口的种类、数量和地域,以及国内废塑料的回收渠道和方式进行了阐述。     

Energy efficiency of substance and energy recovery of selected waste fractions

In order to reduce the ecological impact of resource exploitation, the EU calls for sustainable options to increase the efficiency and productivity of the utilization of natural resources. This target can only be achieved by considering resource recovery from waste comprehensively. However, waste management measures have to be investigated critically and all aspects of substance-related recycling and energy recovery have to be carefully balanced. This article compares recovery methods for selected waste fractions with regard to their energy efficiency.Whether material recycling or energy recovery is the most energy efficient solution, is a question of particular relevance with regard to the following waste fractions: paper and cardboard, plastics and biowaste and also indirectly metals. For the described material categories material recycling has advantages compared to energy recovery. In accordance with the improved energy efficiency of substance opposed to energy recovery, substance-related recycling causes lower emissions of green house gases.For the fractions paper and cardboard, plastics, biowaste and metals it becomes apparent, that intensification of the separate collection systems in combination with a more intensive use of sorting technologies can increase the extent of material recycling. Collection and sorting systems must be coordinated. The objective of the overall system must be to achieve an optimum of the highest possible recovery rates in combination with a high quality of recyclables.The energy efficiency of substance related recycling of biowaste can be increased by intensifying the use of anaerobic technologies. In order to increase the energy efficiency of the overall system, the energy efficiencies of energy recovery plants must be increased so that the waste unsuitable for substance recycling is recycled or treated with the highest possible energy yield.     

Quantitative characterization of recyclable resources dismantled from waste liquid crystal display products

Currently only limited materials, such as common metals and plastics, are recovered from waste flat-panel displays, thus necessitating the development of a comprehensive recycling process. This study aims to establish a statistical database about the types and amounts of valuable resources in waste liquid crystal display (LCD) products. To obtain these data, the waste LCD products were disassembled into four components: plastics, printed circuit boards, metals, and other materials, including their panels, and the weight of each component was measured. Overall, the product weight decreased with increasing manufacturing year regardless of the product screen size; however, the decreasing rate varied from 14 to 73%. The metal weight ratios decreased significantly by 24–31%. Meanwhile, regardless of the manufacturing year, the plastic weight ratios remained almost constant at about 20%. On the other hand, the weight ratio of the other components increased by 26–46% with increasing manufacturing year suggesting that rare-earth metal recycling has become more important. These statistical analyses are expected to contribute to the development of an eco-friendly, high-efficiency dismantling/separation process that will enable higher value recycling and minimal waste disposal.     

Networking possibilities for waste recycling in Miyagi prefecture, Japan

Successful case studies for waste recycling in Japan have not been evaluated. The evaluation of economic efficiency and environmental effects were lacking at the time the actual network was established. A waste/resource input/output (I/O) coincidence retrieval system called ZENESYS was developed to examine the usefulness of a waste-exchange network in a nonmanufacturing district. We analyzed data from the Miyagi prefecture, a region without heavy industry. The data were collected from 77 companies using a questionnaire and interviews. A total of 33 possible waste exchange links arose after analysis using ZENESYS. However, these were frail networks that relied heavily on the construction industry. Two waste recycling technologies were selected from the ZENESYS database: reclaiming fuel from waste plastic and making construction materials from bottom ash. Evaluation of the environmental effects and economics of these two technologies showed they were both suitable for the environment, but no profit was made from reclaiming fuel from waste plastics. We concluded that in an area with no heavy industry, it may be difficult to adopt recycling technologies that have high environmental and economic performance. Materials are difficult to circulate among manufacturing industries even if a waste-exchange network exists, and resources are consumed during transportation and recycling.