城市环境噪声影响评价探讨

从噪声影响评价量的简单性、非稳态噪声的评价、城市低频噪声影响、体源和面源噪声预测等方面,提出了目前噪声影响评价方面存在的一些值得研究的问题,以供声环境管理部门和相关学者共同探讨.     

浅谈战略环境影响评价

概述了战略环评产生的背景及其发展概况，战略环评的概念和作用，评价程序和基本方法以及在我国的实施现状及发展前景。     

生命周期评价与环境影响评价的应用比较

生命周期评价(LCA)被誉为21世纪最有潜力的环境管理工具,它充分考虑了时间因素.环境影响评价(EIA)在我国已经发展起来,它作为企业或项目实施必需的一个环节,充分考虑了空间因素.通过对生命周期评价定义、发展的介绍,将其与环境影响评价相比较,提出将两种方法发展成为一种四维的、新的、更加全面的环境管理和评价方法.     

石油加工过程的环境影响后评价

我国的石油加工过程环境影响评价工作属于前期预测评价,存在一定的局限性。目前,石油加工过程的环境影响后评价工作尚处于探索发展阶段。本文主要介绍了石油加工过程及其环境影响后评价的概念,分析了石油加工过程的主要环境影响,详述了石油加工过程环境影响后评价的程序、内容及评价指标,并结合实例加以说明。最后指出,开展石油加工过程的环境影响后评价工作势在必行。     

区域环评中大气环境容量估算的研究进展

综述了大气污染物区域环境容量的主要影响因素、用于其计算的空气质量模型以及大气环境容量的研究步骤。现阶段应用较广泛的大气环境容量的预测模型有A-P值法模型、箱模型、线性优化模型、ADMS模型及多种模型相结合的复合模式等，通过研究分析，提出了存在的主要问题及其有效的解决途径。     

不同目标导向性规划环境影响评价方法浅析

规划环境影响评价是环境影响评价在规划层次的应用,是对规划或计划及其替代方案的环境影响进行规范、系统、综合的评价过程.就政策导向性和项目导向性规划,从规划环评的方法与程序方面进行了比较、分析,并结合嘉兴滨海新区和巢湖皖维化工基地两个规划环评实例进行了案例研究.     

从加快审批速度的要求看加强环评单位管理的必要性

分析了在真正实现建设项目环境保护第一审批权以后，加快审批速度方面的各种可行的做法，提出了加强对环评单位的管理和创造公平竞争的环评环境是加快审批速度的关键所在。     

水电及水库项目环境影响后评价研究

探讨了环境影响后评价的定义、必要性、相关法律依据、分类和评价重点,提出了环境影响后评价选择的原则。通过对水电和水库项目环境影响后评价的选择、难点和起步,后评价重点及其与环评和验收的区别等内容的深入研究,提出了该类项目环境影响后评价选择的若干依据和评价重点内容。     

环境影响评价与工程设计的关系

从工程分析和污染防治措施2方面剖析了环境影响评价与工程设计之间的关系，指出环境评应以工程设计为依据，从技术，经济和环境保护的角度对工程项目进行全面地分析，预测和评价，同时对设计中不合理或难以达到环境要求的污染防治措施提出修改意见，即环境影响评价反过来指导工程设计。     

Evaluating impact level of different factors in environmental impact assessment for incinerator plants using GM (1, N) model

In this study, the impact levels in environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports of 10 incinerator plants were quantified and discussed. The relationship between the quantified impact levels and the plant scale factors of BeiTou, LiZe, BaLi, LuTsao, RenWu, PingTung, SiJhou and HsinChu were constructed, and the impact levels of the GangShan (GS) and YongKong (YK) plants were predicted using grey model GM (1, N). Finally, the effects of plant scale factors on impact levels were evaluated using grey model GM (1, N) too. According to the predicted results of GM, the relative errors of topography/geology/soil, air quality, hydrology/water quality, solid waste, noise, terrestrial fauna/flora, aquatic fauna/flora and traffic in the GS plant were 17%, 14%, 15%, 17%, 75%, 16%, 13%, and 37%, respectively. The relative errors of the same environmental items in the YK plant were 1%, 18%, 10%, 40%, 37%, 3%, 25% and 33%, respectively. According to GM (1, N), design capacity (DC) and heat value (HV) were the plant scale factors that affected the impact levels significantly in each environmental item, and thus were the most significant plant scale factors. GM (1, N) was effective in predicting the environmental impact and analyzing the reasonableness of the impact. If there is an EIA for a new incinerator plant to be reviewed in the future, the official committee of the Taiwan EPA could review the reasonableness of impact levels in EIA reports quickly.     

电网规划环境影响评价的难点及对策建议

我国电网规划环境影响评价工作正处在起步阶段,缺乏成熟的理论方法和指标体系。结合常州市“十二五”电网发展规划环境影响评价工作,探讨了电网规划环评中存在的难点和问题并提出了相应的对策建议。     

Preliminary environmental impact assessment of PFOS waste treatment in a lab-scale batch subcritical water decomposition operation

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out by SimaPro 7.3 to study the environmental impact of a lab-scale batch subcritical water decomposition operation for a kilogram of Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) waste treatment in this study, a proven process for the decomposition of PFOS pollutants with high concentration. This LCA focuses on not only the main environmental factors from emissions of toxic pollutants, but also the influence from technical characteristics of the iron-induced subcritical water technology including energy and substances consumption during the subcritical water decomposition treatment process. The IMPACT 2002+ environmental model was used to evaluate the 15 midpoint and 4 end-point environmental damages. It was found that the energy consumption to sustain the high temperature (350 °C) and high pressure (23 MPa) in the subcritical water process contributes 99.8 % of the damages. The total negative impact of the SCWD process for 1 kg of PFOS waste treatment to human health, ecological quality, climate change and resources amounts to 1.11 × 10^?3, 8.43 × 10^?5, 9.76 × 10^?4, 9.05 × 10^?4 Pt, respectively. And the improvement of energy efficiency and catalytic effectiveness are two important factors to reduce the environmental impact from the SCWD process for the treatment of PFOS waste.     

The environmental impact assessment of gold extraction processes for discarded computer RAM: a comparative study of two leaching chemicals

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Electrical and electronic equipment waste (WEEE) problems should be set as a priority in Thailand due to unpleasant operations. E-waste...     

Biotests for environmental quality assessment of composted sewage sludge

The quality of sewage sludge-based products, such as composts and growth media, is affected by the contamination of sewage sludge with, potentially, hundreds of different substances. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the reliable environmental quality assessment of sewage sludge-based products solely based on chemical analysis. In the present work, we demonstrate the use of the kinetic luminescent bacteria test (ISO 21338) to evaluate acute toxicity and the Vitotox? test to monitor genotoxicity of sewage sludge and composted sewages sludge. In addition, endocrine-disrupting and dioxin-like activity was studied using yeast-cell-based assays. The relative contribution of industrial waste water treated at the Waste Water Treatment Plants led to elevated concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/F) in sewage sludge. The effect of elevated amounts of organic contaminants could also be identified with biotests able to demonstrate higher acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and potential for endocrine-disruptive properties. Additional extraction steps in kinetic luminescent bacteria test with DMSO and hexane increased the level of toxicity detected. Composting in a pilot-scale efficiently reduced the amounts of linear alkylbenzensulphonates (LASs), nonylphenols and nonylphenolethoxylates (NPE/NPs) and PAH with relative removal efficiencies of 84%, 61% and 56%. In addition, decrease in acute toxicity, genotoxicity and endocrorine-disrupting and dioxin-like activity during composting could be detected. However, the biotests did have limitations in accessing the ecotoxicity of test media rich with organic matter, such as sewage sludge and compost, and effects of sample characteristics on biotest organisms must be acknowledged. The compost matrix itself, however, which contained a high amount of nutrients, bark, and peat, reduced the sensitivity of the genotoxicity tests and yeast bioreporter assays.     

Environmental impact assessment of sprayed-on asbestos in buildings

This study evaluated the environmental impacts of sprayed-on asbestos, which had been used as insulation material in buildings, from multiple perspectives, mainly at the disposal stage. The health risks from asbestos emission and energy consumption were estimated. Two disposal scenarios were assumed for the asbestos: melting for reduced-risk disposal and ordinary packaging/landfilling. We estimated the asbestos emission and health risk in the case of packaging/landfilling, assuming uncontrolled management of the landfill site. A difficulty with introducing health-risk concepts into life cycle assessment (LCA) is the pulse–flux problem, which is discussed in the light of these estimations. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a method using a conversion factor representing exposure-dose/emission, and showed that emission could be converted into health risk. We also estimated the energy consumption for melting asbestos in the disposal stage, which can decrease the health risk. If we consider the energy consumption for the life cycle of asbestos, only a little energy is required for melting, compared with the large amount of energy saved in the use stage owing to the insulating effect of the asbestos. The trade-off relationship between health risk and energy consumption for the disposal scenarios indicated the need for weighting methods to handle trade-offs such as this. Received: July 2, 1998 / Accepted: December 20, 1999     

战略性环境影响评价构架初探

概述了战略性环境影响评价的发展历程，提出了开展战略性环评的初步框架体系和主要评价方法。     

城市电网的环境影响与防治对策

根据目前国内城市电网建设的现状,对城市220 kV和110 kV输变电工程的环境影响进行分析,并结合输变电环境影响特点,提出相应的环境保护措施和对策,以解决城市电网建设中存在的问题.     

区域开发战略环境影响评价总体思路与技术要点

以内蒙古"十一五"规划战略环境影响评价为例,分析了战略环境影响评价与建设项目环境影响评价的差异,提出了战略环境影响评价是从"决策-源头-过程-末端"的全过程评价;其技术要点是突出区域环境和经济社会协调发展为核心的总体思路,重点把握战略环境影响评价6大特性即整体性、区域性、特色性、科学性、前瞻性和可操作性;其技术方法主要包括战略决策失灵分析法、战略决策灰色分析法、环境影响矩阵识别法、产业关联和物流分析等定性方法,以及GIS技术平台的图层叠置法、承载压力度分析、情景分析和模拟分析等定量方法.     

温排水对水体环境影响的数值模拟

电厂冷却水的合理排放和排放水体的温度预测能为水体环境影响评价提供科学依据.采用平面二维水流温度场数学模型,对池州电厂的温排水流场和温度场进行数值模拟.在流速验证的基础上,考察温度场的分布情况.分析结果显示,池州电厂二期扩建后的温排放对保护区及周边水体不会产生明显的热影响.     

Assessing the environmental impact of ashes used in a landfill cover construction

Large amounts of construction materials will be needed in Europe in anticipation for capping landfills that will be closed due to the tightening up of landfill legislation. This study was conducted to assess the potential environmental impacts of using refuse derived fuel (RDF) and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes as substitutes for natural materials in landfill cover designs. The leaching of substances from a full-scale landfill cover test area built with different fly and bottom ashes was evaluated based on laboratory tests and field monitoring. The water that drained off above the liner (drainage) and the water that percolated through the liner into the landfill (leachate) were contaminated with Cl^?, nitrogen and several trace elements (e.g., As, Cu, Mo, Ni and Se). The drainage from layers containing ash will probably require pre-treatment before discharge. The leachate quality from the ash cover is expected to have a minor influence on overall landfill leachate quality because the amounts generated from the ash covers were low, <3–30 l (m² yr)^?1. Geochemical modelling indicated that precipitation of clay minerals and other secondary compounds in the ash liner was possible within 3 years after construction, which could contribute to the retention of trace elements in the liner in the long term. Hence, from an environmental view point, the placement of ashes in layers above the liner is more critical than within the liner.