共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Qian Yao Hua Zhang Jun Wu Liming Shao Pinjing He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(3):286-294
Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge from a sewage
treatment plant. An investigation was conducted on the effects of the initial pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(III)
concentration in the biosorption process. The results revealed that the activated sludge exhibited the highest Cr(III) uptake
capacity (120 mg·g−1) at 45°C, initial pH of 4, and initial Cr(III) concentration of 100 mg·L−1. The biosorption results obtained at various temperatures showed that the biosorption pattern accurately followed the Langmuir
model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔGo° ( − 0.8–4.58 kJ·mol−1), ΔH° (15.6–44.4 kJ·mol−1), and ΔS° (0.06–0.15 kJ·mol−1·K−1) clearly indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, and physical. The pseudo first-order
and second-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, which revealed that the Cr(III) biosorption
process conformed to the second-order rate expression and the biosorption rate constants decreased with increasing Cr (III)
concentration. The analysis of the values of biosorption activation energy (E
a = −7 kJ·mol−1) and the intraparticle diffusion model demonstrated that Cr(III) biosorption was film-diffusion-controlled. 相似文献
2.
The ability of dimorphism in fungi is conventionally regarded as a reversible change between the two vegetative forms, yeast
and mycelium, in response to environmental change. A zygomycetous isolate, Benjaminiella poitrasii, exhibited yeast-mycelium transition in response to the change in temperature (37–28 °C) and decrease in glucose concentration.
For the first time the presence of dimorphic response during asexual and sexual spore germination is reported under the dimorphism-triggering
conditions in B. poitrasii. The zygospores germinated into budding yeast when subjected to yeast-form supporting conditions. The mycelium-form favoring
conditions gave rise to true mycelium. Similarly, the asexual spores displayed a dimorphic response during germination. Our
observations suggest that dimorphism is an intrinsic ability present in the vegetative, asexual, and sexual forms of the fungus.
As dimorphic fungi are intermediate to the unicellular yeast and the filamentous forms, understanding of the dimorphic character
could be useful to trace the evolutionary relationships among taxonomically different fungi. Moreover, the implications of
spore germination during the onset of pathogenesis and in drug development for human health care are discussed.
Received: 4 November 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 28 February 2000 相似文献
3.
We have found that giant hornets (Vespa mandarinia japonica) are killed in less than 10 min when they are trapped in a bee ball created by the Japanese honeybees Apis cerana japonica, but their death cannot be solely accounted for by the elevated temperature in the bee ball. In controlled experiments, hornets
can survive for 10 min at the temperature up to 47°C, whereas the temperature inside the bee balls does not rise higher than
45.9°C. We have found here that the CO2 concentration inside the bee ball also reaches a maximum (3.6 ± 0.2%) in the initial 0–5 min phase after bee ball formation.
The lethal temperature of the hornet (45–46°C) under conditions of CO2 concentration (3.7 ± 0.44%) produced using human expiratory air is almost the same as that in the bee ball. The lethal temperature
of the honeybee is 50–51°C under the same air conditions. We concluded that CO2 produced inside the bee ball by honeybees is a major factor together with the temperature involved in defense against giant
hornets. 相似文献
4.
Yuchi Lee Shanglien Lo Jeff Kuo Chinghong Hsieh 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2012,6(1):17-25
Microwave-hydrothermal treatment of persistent and bioaccumulative perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water with persulfate
(S2O82−) has been found effective. However, applications of this process to effectively remediate PFOA pollution require a better
understanding on free-radical scavenging reactions that also take place. The objectives of this study were to investigate
the effects of pH (pH = 2.5, 6.6, 8.8, and 10.5), chloride concentrations (0.01–0.15 mol·L−1), and temperature (60°C, 90°C, and 130°C) on persulfate oxidation of PFOA under microwave irradiation. Maximum PFOA degradation
occurred at pH 2.5, while little or no degradation at pH 10.5. Lowering system pH resulted in an increase in PFOA degradation
rate. Both high pH and chloride concentrations would result in more scavenging of sulfate free radicals and slow down PFOA
degradation. When chloride concentrations were less than 0.04 mol·L−1 at 90°C and 0.06 mol·L−1 at 60°C, presence of chloride ions had insignificant impacts on PFOA degradation. However, beyond these concentration levels,
PFOA degradation rates reduced significantly with an increase in chloride concentrations, especially under the higher temperature. 相似文献
5.
Uda M Sassa S Taniguchi K Nomura S Yoshimura S Kondo J Iskander N Zaghloul B 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2000,87(6):260-263
Some of the pigments painted on the Funerary Stele of Amenemhat (ca. 2000 B.C.) exhibited at the Egyptian Museum, Cairo and
on the walls of the Tomb of Userhat (ca. 1450 B.C.), a rock-cut tomb in Thebes, Egypt, were investigated in situ using both
a convenient home-made hand-held type of X-ray diffractometer and a commercial X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in a complementary
way under touch-free conditions. CaCO3 · 3MgCO3 (huntite) was found in the white-painted parts of these two ancient monuments. An arsenic (As)-bearing phase was detected
in the yellow-painted parts of the latter monument. The occurrence of huntite in Egypt has not been reported previously.
Received: 8 October 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 10 March 2000 相似文献
6.
为探讨微塑料对农作物的生态毒理效应,研究了两种粒径(20 nm和100 nm)聚苯乙烯纳米塑料(Polystyrene Nanoplastics,PSNPs)在6个浓度梯度(0、50、100、200、500和1000 mg·L-1)下对大豆(Glycine max)种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,两种粒径PSNPs均抑制种子发芽能力(发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽速度和发芽率),其中,发芽抑制率在一定程度上与暴露时间呈负相关关系.20 nm和100 nm PSNPs对根长、芽长和苗长的影响整体呈"低浓度促进,中高浓度抑制"的规律.20 nm PSNPs对根尖数量无显著影响,而100 nm PSNPs则表现出促进作用.20 nm和100 nm PSNPs对根直径和干重均有抑制作用.综上,PSNPs的植物毒性与粒径和浓度密切相关,在中等浓度(200 mg·L-1)时,其对大豆幼苗生长的毒害作用最大. 相似文献
7.
Marcelo Perantoni Darci M. S. Esquivel Eliane Wajnberg Daniel Acosta-Avalos Geraldo Cernicchiaro Henrique Lins de Barros 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(6):685-690
Magnetotactic microorganisms use the interaction of internal biomineralized nanoparticles with the geomagnetic field to orientate.
The movement of the magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis under an applied magnetic field was observed. A method using digital image processing techniques
was used to track the organism trajectory to simultaneously obtain its body radius, velocity, U-turn diameter, and the reorientation
time. The magnetic moment was calculated using a self-consistent method. The distribution of magnetic moments and radii present
two well-characterized peaks at (9 ± 2) × 10−15 and (20 ± 3) × 10−15 A m2 and (3.6 ± 0.1) and (4.3 ± 0.1) μm, respectively. For the first time, simultaneous determination of the distribution of the
organism radii and magnetic moment was obtained from the U-turn method by a new digital imaging processing. The bimodal distributions
support an organism reproduction process model based on electron microscopy observations. These results corroborate the prokaryote
multicellular hypothesis for Candidatus M. multicellularis. 相似文献
8.
Xiaoming Xu Jie Tang Zhaoyang Li Chang Liu Weizheng Han 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(6):721-731
In this study, paddy fields in Jilin province which are flooded parcel of arable lands used for growing rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) were selected as the object. Long-term exploitation of paddy fields led to variations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and green
house gases (GHGs) emissions which might contribute to global warming. In order to calculate the amount of global warming
potentials (GWPs) of emissions from ricepaddies and find the correlations among rice yield, SOC storage and GWP, DeNitrification-DeComposition
(DNDC) model was used to simulate SOC densities and fluxes of main GHGs emitted from paddy fields. After verification, simulation
results were used to calculate SOC storages and 100-year GWPs from 1949 to 2009. Results indicated that SOC densities in depths
of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm all kept increasing. Average methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were 278.55 kg carbon (kgC) ha−1 a−1 and 2.22 kg nitrogen (kgN) ha−1 a−1. The SOC storage (0–30 cm) had increased from 3.96 × 109kgC in 1949 to 47.85 × 109kgC in 2009. In addition, GWP emission was increasing exponentially in the past 61 years, from 0.16 × 106 Mg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-equivalents) to 66.36 × 106 Mg CO2-equivalents. Both SOC storage and GWP presented obviously linear relation to rice yields. Overall, the research suggested
that long-term rice yields could be used to estimate the SOC storage and GWP variations. 相似文献
9.
Rongchang Wang Xinmin Zhan Yalei Zhang Jianfu Zhao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):48-56
Nitrogen removal performance and nitrifying population dynamics were investigated in a redox stratified membrane biofilm reactor
(RSMBR) under oxygen limited condition to treat ammonium-rich wastewater. When the NHt4+-N loading rate increased from 11.1±1.0 to 37:2 ± 3:2 gNHt4+-N·m−2·d−1, the nitrogen removal in the RSMBR system increased from 18.0±9.6 mgN·d−1 to 128.9±61.7 mgN·d−1. Shortcut nitrogen removal was achieved with nitrite accumulation of about 22:3 ± 5:3 mgNO2−-N·L−1. Confocal micrographs showed the stratified distributions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the membrane aerated biofilms
(MABs) at day 120, i.e., ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (AOB and NOB) were dominant in the region adjacent to the
membrane, while heterotrophic bacteria propagated at the top of the biofilm. Real-time qPCR results showed that the abundance
of amoA gene was two orders of magnitude higher than the abundance of nxrA gene in the MABs. However, the nxrA gene was always detected during the operation time, which indicates the difficulty of complete washout of NOB in MABs. The
growth of heterotrophic bacteria compromised the dominance of nitrifiers in biofilm communities, but it enhanced the denitrification
performance of the RSMBR system. Applying a high ammonia loading together with oxygen limitation was found to be an effective
way to start nitrite accumulation in MABs, but other approaches were needed to sustain or improve the extent of nitritation
in nitrogen conversion in MABs. 相似文献
10.
Sheng Chang Jianzheng Li Feng Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):140-148
An anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) system comprising a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with settler to decouple
the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT) was developed for fermentative hydrogen production from
diluted molasses by mixed microbial cultures. The ACR was operated at various volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 20–44 kgCOD·m−3·d−1 with constant HRT of 6 h under mesophilic conditions of 35°C. The SRT was maintained at about 46–50 h in the system. At the
initial VLR of 20 kgCOD·m−3·d−1, the hydrogen production rate dropped from 22.6 to 1.58 L·d−1 as the hydrogen was consumed by the hydrogentrophic methanogen. After increasing the VLR to 28 kgCOD·m−3·d−1 and discharging the sludge for 6 consecutive times, the hydrogentrophic methanogens were eliminated, and the hydrogen content
reached 36.4%. As the VLR was increased to 44 kgCOD·m−3·d−1, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield increased to 42.1 L·d−1 and 1.40 mol H2·molglucose-consumed-1, respectively. The results showed that a stable ethanoltype fermentation that favored hydrogen production
in the reactor was thus established with the sludge loading rate (SLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD·kgMLVSS−1·d−1. It was found that the ethanol increased more than other liquid fermentation products, and the ethanol/acetic acid (mol/mol)
ratio increased from 1.27 to 2.45 when the VLR increased from 28 to 44 kgCOD·m−3·d−1, whereas the hydrogen composition decreased from 40.4% to 36.4%. The results suggested that the anaerobic contact reactor
was a promising bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production. 相似文献
11.
Laura Rodríguez-Loeches Alejandro Barro Martha Pérez Frank Coro 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(4):531-536
Both sexes of Phoenicoprocta capistrata have functional tymbals. The scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in the morphology of these organs in males
and females. Male tymbals have a well-developed striated band, constituted by 21 ± 2 regularly arranged striae whereas female
tymbals lack a striated band. This type of sexual dimorphism is rare in Arctiidae. The recording of the sound produced by
moths held by the wings revealed that while males produced trains of pulses organized in modulation cycles, females produced
clicks at low repetition rate following very irregular patterns. Statistically, there are differences between sexes in terms
of the duration of pulses, which were 355 ± 24 μs in the case of males and 289 ± 29 μs for females. The spectral characteristics
of the pulses also show sexual dimorphism. Male pulses are more tuned (Q
10 = 5.2 ± 0.5) than female pulses (Q
10 = 2.7 ± 0.5) and have a higher best frequency (42 ± 1 kHz vs. 29 ± 2 kHz). To our knowledge, this is the first report on
an arctiid moth showing sexual dimorphism in tymbal’s anatomy that leads to a best frequency dimorphism. Males produce sound
at mating attempts. The sounds recorded during mating are modulation cycles with the same spectral characteristics as those
recorded when males are held by the wings. The morphological and acoustic features of female tymbals could indicate a process
of degeneration and adaptation to conditions under which the emission of complex patterns is not necessary.
Frank Coro no longer works at Universidad de La Habana. 相似文献
12.
Cerumen, or propolis, is a mixture of plant resins enriched with bee secretions. In Australia, stingless bees are important
pollinators that use cerumen for nest construction and possibly for colony’s health. While extensive research attests to the
therapeutic properties of honeybee (Apis mellifera) propolis, the biological and medicinal properties of Australian stingless bee cerumen are largely unknown. In this study,
the chemical and biological properties of polar extracts of cerumen from Tetragonula carbonaria in South East Queensland, Australia were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses and in
vitro 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) cell-free assays. Extracts were tested against comparative (commercial tincture of A. mellifera propolis) and positive controls (Trolox and gallic acid). Distinct GC-MS fingerprints of a mixed diterpenic profile typical
of native bee cerumen were obtained with pimaric acid (6.31 ± 0.97%, w/w), isopimaric acid (12.23 ± 3.03%, w/w), and gallic
acid (5.79 ± 0.81%, w/w) tentatively identified as useful chemical markers. Characteristic flavonoids and prenylated phenolics
found in honeybee propolis were absent. Cerumen extracts from T. carbonaria inhibited activity of 5-LOX, an enzyme known to catalyse production of proinflammatory mediators (IC50 19.97 ± 2.67 μg/ml, mean ± SEM, n = 4). Extracts had similar potency to Trolox (IC50 12.78 ± 1.82 μg/ml), but were less potent than honeybee propolis (IC50 5.90 ± 0.62 μg/ml) or gallic acid (IC50 5.62 ± 0.35 μg/ml, P < 0.001). These findings warrant further investigation of the ecological and medicinal properties of this stingless bee cerumen,
which may herald a commercial potential for the Australian beekeeping industry. 相似文献
13.
Junyi Du Daishe Wu Huayun Xiao Ping Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(2):212-226
This research investigates the adsorption mechanisms of fluoride (F) on four clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, chlorite,
and illite) under different F− concentrations and reaction times by probing their fluoride superficial layer binding energies and element compositions using
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At high F− concentrations (C
0 = 5–1000 mg·L−1), the amount of F− adsorbed (Q
F), amount of hydroxide released by clay minerals, solution F− concentration, and the pH increase with increasing C
0. The increases are remarkable at C
0>50 mg·L−1. The QF increases significantly by continuously modifying the pH level. At C
0<5–100 mg·L−1, clay minerals adsorb H+ to protonate aluminum-bound surface-active hydroxyl sites in the superficial layers and induce F− binding. As the C
0 increases, F−, along with other cations, is adsorbed to form a quasi-cryolite structure. At C
0>100 mg·L−1, new minerals precipitate and the product depends on the critical Al3+ concentration. At [Al3+]>10−11.94 mol·L−1, cryolite forms, while at [Al3+]<10−11.94 mol·L−1, AlF3 is formed. At low C
0 (0.3–1.5 mg·L−1), proton transfer occurs, and the F− adsorption capabilities of the clay minerals increase with time. 相似文献
14.
Jie Tang Xiaoming Xu Zhaoyang Li Weizheng Han 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(1):103-109
The study area of this article, Western Jilin province of China, was a typical area responding to global changing in middle
latitude areas. In this paper, by interpreting the thematic mapper (TM) images of the study area in the years of 1989, 1996,
2000 and 2004, the land use/cover change (LUCC) data were achieved, which included the area of paddy fields and its spatial
distributions. 113 soil samples were collected to obtain soil organic carbon (SOC) data of different land use types. After
that, the organic matter contents of these samples were measured by using the potassium dichromate oxidation-outer heating
method. Based on the data above, the amount of SOC sequestrated by the surface soil (0~30 cm) of paddy fields was calculated.
The result showed that: the area of paddy fields was increasing continuously in western Jilin, from 11.28 × 104 hm2 in 1989 to 22.77 × 104 hm2 in 2004. Paddy fields transferred from wetlands, grasslands and water areas accounted for the main part of the paddy fields
in 2004, the areas were 3.09 × 104 hm2, 2.98 × 104 hm2 and 2.8 × 104 hm2, respectively. And paddy fields with a total area of 0.83 × 104 hm2 degraded into saline-alkali lands. The amount of organic carbon sequestration in the surface layer (0–30 cm) of paddy fields
was 658.86 × 104 t. The primary SOC sinks located around the joint of Baicheng City and Zhenlai County, while the major SOC source located
at Songyuan City and northern Qianguo County. 相似文献
15.
Mammalian hibernation, which lasts on average for about 6 months, can reduce energy expenditure by >90% in comparison to active
individuals. In contrast, the widely held view is that daily torpor reduces energy expenditure usually by about 30%, is employed
for a few hours every few days, and often occurs only under acute energetic stress. This interpretation is largely based on
laboratory studies, whereas knowledge on daily torpor in the field is scant. We used temperature telemetry to quantify thermal
biology and activity patterns of a small arid-zone marsupial, the stripe-faced dunnart Sminthopsis macroura (16.9 g), in the wild and to test the hypothesis that daily torpor is a crucial survival strategy of this species in winter.
All individuals entered torpor daily with the exception of a single male that remained normothermic for a single day (torpor
on 212 of 213 observation days, 99.5%). Torpor was employed at air temperatures (T
a) ranging from approximately −1°C to 36°C. Dunnarts usually entered torpor during the night and aroused at midday with the
daily increase of T
a. Torpor was on average about twice as long (mean 11.0 ± 4.7 h, n = 8) than in captivity. Animals employed sun basking during rewarming, reduced foraging time significantly, and occasionally
omitted activity for several days in sequence. Consequently, we estimate that daily torpor in this species can reduce daily
energy expenditure by up to 90%. Our study shows that for wild stripe-faced dunnarts daily torpor is an essential mechanism
for overcoming energetic challenges during winter and that torpor data obtained in the laboratory can substantially underestimate
the ecological significance of daily torpor in the wild. 相似文献
16.
Microlesions of the brain were made to examine the role of neurosecretory neurons in the pars intercerebralis (PI) and pars
lateralis (PL) in the induction of reproductive diapause of the female blowfly Protophormia terraenovae. Under both diapause-inducing (LD 12 : 12, 20° C) and diapause-averting conditions (LD 18 : 6, 25° C), the ovaries invariably
failed to develop when the PI was removed. When the PL was removed bilaterally, the ovaries developed in most of the females,
irrespective of the rearing conditions. Removal of the PL prevented females from entering reproductive diapause. These results
show that certain neurosecretory neurons in the PI are necessary for vitellogenesis, and that the PL contains inhibitory neurons
which suppress vitellogenesis during reproductive diapause.
Received: 30 August 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 26 November 1999 相似文献
17.
冬小麦田O3气孔与非气孔沉降及风险评估 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了深入了解农田生态系统的O_3干沉降过程,并基于O_3通量(尤其是气孔O_3累积通量)指标进行风险评估,利用涡度相关系统对冬小麦田的O_3干沉降过程进行了连续动态观测,初步分析O_3浓度和总O_3通量的变化过程,着重探析气孔O_3沉降和非气孔O_3沉降的变化特征及其与主要气象因子的关系,并基于剂量指标(AOT40)和通量指标(DF_s06)分别推算出冬小麦的产量损失率.结果表明,观测期间(自2016年3月16日至5月30日)日平均O_3浓度(cO_3)为32.9 n L·L-1;白天(08:00~18:00)和夜间平均总O_3通量(F_(O3))分别为-7.6 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1)和-3.1 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1),日均F_(O3)为-5.1nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1).逐日平均气孔O_3通量(F_s)的变化范围为0~-5.1 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1),日均F_s为-1.43 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1).逐日平均非气孔O_3通量(F_(ns))的变化范围为-1.43~-10.31 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1),日均F_(ns)为-3.66 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1).较强的太阳辐射(SR)、较高的温度(T)和适度湿润的条件有利于冬小麦气孔沉降;较强的SR、适度的T和湿润条件是有利于冬小麦非气孔沉降.在整个观测期间,总O_3累积吸收通量(DF_(O3))、气孔O_3累积吸收通量(DF_s)和非气孔O_3累积吸收通量(DF_(ns))分别为31.58、9.99和21.59 mmol·m~(-2),总DF_s和总DF_(ns)分别占总DF_(O3)的32%和68%.通过剂量指标AOT40和通量指标DF_s06响应方程计算出的冬小麦产量损失率分别为11.58%~20.37%和20%~23.56%. 相似文献
18.
Stephan Baumgartner Martin Wolf Peter Skrabal Felix Bangerter Peter Heusser André Thurneysen Ursula Wolf 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(9):1079-1089
Quantitative meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials investigating the specific therapeutic efficacy of homeopathic remedies
yielded statistically significant differences compared to placebo. Since the remedies used contained mostly only very low
concentrations of pharmacologically active compounds, these effects cannot be accounted for within the framework of current
pharmacology. Theories to explain clinical effects of homeopathic remedies are partially based upon changes in diluent structure.
To investigate the latter, we measured for the first time high-field (600/500 MHz) 1H T1 and T2 nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times of H2O in homeopathic preparations with concurrent contamination control by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Homeopathic preparations of quartz (10c–30c, n = 21, corresponding to iterative dilutions of 100−10–100−30), sulfur (13x–30x, n = 18, 10−13–10−30), and copper sulfate (11c–30c, n = 20, 100−11–100−30) were compared to n = 10 independent controls each (analogously agitated dilution medium) in randomized and blinded experiments. In none of the
samples, the concentration of any element analyzed by ICP-MS exceeded 10 ppb. In the first measurement series (600 MHz), there
was a significant increase in T1 for all samples as a function of time, and there were no significant differences between homeopathic potencies and controls.
In the second measurement series (500 MHz) 1 year after preparation, we observed statistically significant increased T1 relaxation times for homeopathic sulfur preparations compared to controls. Fifteen out of 18 correlations between sample
triplicates were higher for controls than for homeopathic preparations. No conclusive explanation for these phenomena can
be given at present. Possible hypotheses involve differential leaching from the measurement vessel walls or a change in water
molecule dynamics, i.e., in rotational correlation time and/or diffusion. Homeopathic preparations thus may exhibit specific
physicochemical properties that need to be determined in detail in future investigations.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
19.
丹江口水库氮磷内源释放对比 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用柱状沉积物采样器在丹江口水库采集不同点位原位柱状沉积物,通过静态培养释放实验及间隙水分子扩散模型两种方法获取沉积物-水界面N和P释放速率,分析水体N和P释放特征.结果表明,不同采样点N和P界面交换速率差异显著.静态培养条件下,5个点位NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-P释放速率分别为13. 07~24. 88 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)和3. 06~6. 02 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1);分子扩散模型条件下,5个点位NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-P释放速率分别为2. 67~7. 25 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)和0. 04~0. 18 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1). N和P释放速率总体呈北高南低的趋势,支流N和P最低释放速率分别是主库区最高释放速率的1. 48和1. 57倍.两种方法均表明郭家山支流N和P的释放速率最高,具有较大内源N和P释放风险.比较两种方法发现,利用Fick定律计算出的界面N和P释放速率明显小于柱样模拟方法得出的结果,N和P的R/F值分别为3. 43~4. 98和29. 67~72. 88,这表明用分子扩散模型法进行内源释放速率估算时,偏离真实情况较大,而原柱样静态模拟实验则较贴近真实情况. 相似文献
20.
我国东南典型侵蚀区坡地磷素流失机制模拟研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了研究侵蚀区坡地坡面径流和壤中流磷素流失特征,以浙江省湖州市安吉县花岗岩风化母质上发育的红壤为研究对象进行人工模拟降雨试验.结果表明,坡面径流和壤中流中的总磷流失浓度、总磷流失量均随着降雨强度的增大而增大,随着降雨强度的增大产流初期坡面冲刷效应显现;坡面径流总磷流失量所占每场降雨总磷流失量百分比分布在51%~92%;坡面径流总磷流失浓度在整个过程中波动幅度很大;坡面径流中总磷流失浓度在坡度25°下最高,壤中流中的总磷流失浓度在坡度8°下最高;坡度8°下坡面TP流失量最大,坡面总磷流失量受坡面径流量和雨强影响极显著(p0.01);壤中流总磷流失量较小,受雨强影响极显著(p0.01);磷素流失以坡面径流流失为主,壤中流流失为辅,磷素主要以颗粒态通过坡面径流流失,以溶解态通过壤中流流失. 相似文献