上湄公河局部航道改善:一项跨国环保型工程

本文介绍了湄公河四国商船通航合作，上湄公河局部航道改善项目由来及工程环境影响评价的主要结论等。     

湿热盐雾大气环境典型局部环境监测与防腐对策

目的 通过监测得到高湿热、高盐雾的海洋大气环境下不同局部环境的数据,并对不同材质、结构和部件针对性地提出防腐需求.方法 开展温度、湿度、盐雾沉降率的监测以及高精度测试片、标准试验件的腐蚀试验,分析1年时间内湿热盐雾海洋大气环境不同工作环境下监测参数的趋势,研究不同局部工作环境下各时间段的腐蚀性,进行环境评估分级.结果 ...     

心系海洋——读《捕鲸的国际管制及其变迁》有感

黑格尔曾经说过,大海给了我们茫茫无际,浩浩无限,渺渺无垠的感觉.大海以及大海里的一切总是带给我们无限的遐想,而海洋巨人——鲸,更是因为它的灵性与庞大,引发了人们的喜爱之情,因而希望对鲸有更进一步的了解.任教于中国海洋大学的孙凯博士的著作《捕鲸的国际管制及其变迁》近日由社会科学文献出版社出版,作为国内第一部专门以国际捕鲸管制为研究对象的著作,向读者详细讲述了国际社会保护海洋巨人的故事.     

Local and national protection of endangered species: an assessment

We searched the statutory codes of all 50 states to locate provisions applicable to endangered and threatened species. The state statutes were compared to 6 components of the US Endangered Species Act: (1) coverage; (2) listing procedures and requirements under section 4; (3) habitat designation and protection procedures and criteria under sections 4 and 7; (4) prohibitions on commerce and taking under section 9; (5) exceptions to the prohibitions on commerce and taking and (6) conservation planning under section 4. State endangered and threatened species legislation is far less comprehensive than the federal act. Only 15 states have statutes that cover all plants and animals. Similarly, only 11 states offer any protection for taxa below the subspecific level. 45 states have provisions for listing species independently of the federal act but only 8 authorize emergency listings. 43 states have no provisions authorizing the designation of critical habitat; 39 states offer no protection against habitat destruction on either private or publicly owned lands. Most states prohibit commercial transactions and taking of listed animal species; plant species receive less protection. Only 3 states include any requirements that the wildlife management agency engage in recovery planning processes. In the absence of a federal statute to protect endangered and threatened species, we question whether current state protection is either adequate or would be maintained. We briefly examined legislation on endangered species in two other countries with federal systems of government, Australia and Canada. Canada lacked a federal statute. Assessment of national, state and territorial legislation in Australia revealed several similarities and differences with the United States endangered species legislation. Differences suggested an alternative to the top down approach embodied in the United States Endangered Species Act.     

地方民族高校职业能力的培养与教育实践课程研究——以广西民族师范学院为例

地方民族高校职业教育作为高等教育的一个重要分支,已经成为推动经济、社会、科技、人才、教育发展不可缺少的重要部分。通过对区内外各个高等院校的职业教育实践课程的现状考察,以广西民族师范学院为典型案例进行分析。阐释地方高等院校教育实践课程对职业能力培养的重要性,提出职业教育实践课程与职业能力的培养发展思路:教育实践课程设置与职业能力的培养模式的创新应建立全方位多层次的课程支持系统、应突出职业能力培养。     

Forest Management for Greenhouse Gas Benefits: Resolving Monitoring Issues Across Project and National Boundaries

Demand for new environmental services from forests requires improved monitoring of these services at three scales: project-, regional-, and national-level. Most forest management activities are organized at the project scale, while the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) recognizes the nation as the party to the agreement. Hence, measurement and monitoring issues are emerging at the intersections of the project and national scales, referred to here as monitoring-domain edge effects. The following actions are necessary to improve existing monitoring capabilities and to help resolve project/national edge effects: (1) consensus on standard methods and protocols for monitoring mitigation activities, their off-site greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts, the fate of forest products and their relation to national GHG inventories (baselines); (2) a global program for collecting land use, land cover, biomass burning, and other data essential for national baselines; (3) the development of new nested-monitoring-domain methods that allow projects to be identified in national GHG inventories (baselines), and permit tracking of leakage of GHGs and wood product flows outside project boundary and over time; and (4) presentation of a set of credible, carefully designed, and well-documented forest mitigation activities that resolve most of the current issues.     

International trade in biofuels: an introduction to the special issue

Currently, many countries are establishing goals for substituting biofuels for fossil fuels. These goals usually foresee 5–10% substitution while today's production, in most countries, is far below 2%. Evidently, many countries will seek to meet their ambitious biofuel targets through imports. This global trade in biofuels, which is to some extent already taking place, will have a major impact not only on other commodity markets like vegetable oils or animal fodder but also on the global land use change and on environmental impacts. This special issue focuses on the relation between trading, policy making and sustainability impacts of biofuels. It demonstrates the strong but complex link between biofuels production and the global food market, it unveils policy measures as the main drivers for production and use of biofuels and it analyzes various sustainability indicators and certification schemes for biofuels with respect to minimizing the adverse effects of biofuels while maximizing the benefits of the future use of biofuels.     

建设项目环评中的清洁生产分析与评价

对清洁生产分析在建设项目环境影响评价中的作用进行评论述，提出七项清洁生产分析的内容、清洁生产评价的指标体系和定量评价方法。     

家庭运输和损耗:食物生命周期中与环境有关的家务活动

在对食物生产系统进行环境相关的系统分析中,消费者阶段(家庭运输、烹制、储存和损耗)是整个食物生命周期中对环境产生影响的一个重要因素.然而,家庭是食物链中调查最少的部分.对家庭信息的收集有很多困难,因为家庭数量庞大,同时与食物相关的活动通常会与其它家务劳动活动混合在一起.环境系统分析和消费者研究两领域研究人员相互合作,通过用问卷、日记和采访面谈的方式调查瑞典的家庭,收集了关于家庭食物运输和损耗的数据.每户每周的平均运输距离是28～63km不等,而这主要依靠怎样分配和其它差事相搭配的运输任务.调制食品时的损耗变化范围是0～34%,而不同类型的食品会有所不同.储存的损耗率为0～164%(因为有更多的食物被扔掉,如对食橱的清理,而不是消费).在调制和储存两阶段中奶制品因损耗少而得分最高.     

广西南宁市实施全国文化信息资源共享工程存在的问题及对策

通过对南宁市全国文化信息资源共享工程的实施状况进行调查,得出南宁市文化共享工程的建设存在的问题,并为南宁市今后文化共享工程的继续实施提出相应的对策。