生产安全监督管理人员的胜任特征模型

安全管理工作是关系到企业平稳发展、员工生命安危至关重要的职位,安全监管人员的招聘、培训、考核和晋升是目前企业不够重视却十分重要的问题,因此建构安全监管人员的胜任特征模型有着重要的现实意义。本文对在安全管理处于领先地位的生产型企业的安全管理状况进行了深度访谈,在此基础上开发了安全监管人员胜任特征调查问卷,对浙江、山东、江苏省的10家企业进行了大样本调查,并进行了探索性和验证性因素分析,构建了安全管理人员的胜任特征模型,包括敬业自信、踏实认真、创新运作、团队合作、积极主动这五方面,并且进行了方差分析,证明该模型能够区分和预测安全管理绩效,具有岗位针对性和可应用性。     

供电企业操作岗位员工安全胜任力模型的构建

为给供电企业的安全管理工作提供胜任力方面的理论依据和实践指导,通过采用系统编制的供电企业操作岗位员工安全胜任力调查问卷,对供电企业操作岗位员工进行整群随机抽样的问卷调查。对346份有效数据进行探索性因素分析,初步构建供电企业操作岗位员工安全胜任力的5因素模型;重新发放问卷,对141份有效数据进行的验证性因素分析支持了该模型因素结构的合理性;再次重新取样,对120份有效数据进行独立样本t检验和多层回归分析,检验5个安全胜任力因素对违章行为的影响。供电企业操作岗位员工安全胜任力模型以职业素养、安全意识、职业技能、身心健康和情绪稳定性5个因素为基本结构,其中,职业素养、安全意识、身心健康和情绪稳定性4个安全胜任力因素对违章行为具有显著负向影响。     

民航安全信息管理人员能岗匹配测评研究*

为了给大数据环境下的民航企事业单位招聘、选拔和评价安全信息管理人员提供科学依据,基于胜任力内涵、数据生命周期理论与信息处理层次结构理论,构建以数据科学知识等为支撑、民航安全数据挖掘能力等为核心、民航安全信息管理态度为导向的民航安全信息管理人员胜任力概念模型与胜任力指标体系。运用贝叶斯优化BPNN的超参数,构建民航安全信息管理人员能岗匹配测评模型,并从数值仿真、趋势拟合方面进行模型验证,从均方根误差与算法耗时方面与单一BPNN和随机搜索优化BPNN对比性能。研究结果表明:所构建的测评模型可行性强、误差更小、收敛速度更快,能够更加客观准确地反映安全信息管理人员能岗匹配的实际情况。     

卫星通信应急管理人员胜任力评价指标体系研究

为准确评价卫星通信应急管理人员的能力素质是否满足需求，以及如何提高从业人员的能力素质，本文综合采用文献研究法、行为事件访谈法、焦点小组法，在现有胜任力理论的基础上编制出卫星通信应急管理人员胜任力调查问卷；然后，基于对200名卫星通信应急管理人员的问卷调查，通过探索性因子分析，最终形成卫星通信应急管理人员的胜任力评价指标体系。结果表明：该胜任力评价指标体系包含7个方面37项胜任力，可为卫星通信应急管理人员的人力资源管理提供不同的思路和方法。     

员工薪酬满意度对其安全行为的影响研究

为探究薪酬满意度对员工安全行为的影响,引入调节变量——组织安全行为来分析薪酬满意度对员工安全行为的作用过程。首先在相关研究基础上,建立薪酬满意度、员工安全行为和组织安全行为的分析模型。设计调查问卷,并向某大型施工企业员工发放。利用问卷数据,采用调节效应法对模型关系进行实证检验。结果表明,员工薪酬满意度、组织安全行为均对员工安全行为有显著正向影响。组织安全行为强化了薪酬满意度对员工安全行为的积极作用。组织安全行为与薪酬满意度、薪酬水平存在互补效应,与薪酬公平度存在替代效应。因此,企业在未来强调安全行为时,应考虑员工薪酬满意度和组织安全行为的共同影响。     

CBTA飞行教员资质能力评估指标体系研究

为全面提升飞行员能力建设,保证飞行安全,深入推进CBTA飞行教员资质能力综合评估,本文在国内外规章标准、工作实践、专家调查以及G1法的基础上,从基本资格、技术能力、非技术能力、工作绩效4个方面科学构建一套CBTA飞行教员资质能力评估模型,并对指标权重度进行计算。结果表明:飞行员核心胜任力和培训教学能力这2项技术能力权重度最高,这与国际上推荐的飞行教员核心能力要求相呼应;此外,作风胜任力和心理胜任力这2项非技术能力权重度也较高,这也与PLM模型理念相一致;由内外部质量检查和学员满意度所反映的工作质量对于体现飞行教员资质能力具有重要参考;教学经历、专业技术等级、职业岗位等级、课程开发能力、绩效指标对于反映飞行教员的资格能力重要度较小。     

基于胜任力的化工安全专家课程体系研究

安全管理人员的能力、素养、视野是化工企业安全平稳运行的有力保障。现阶段,化工企业安全管理人员能力、安全监管部门综合监管能力、第三方专业服务机构的能力均需提升。文章以化工企业安全专家能力为研究对象,通过提取化工安全专家特征要素,构建出化工安全专家的胜任力模型,并基于此模型开发培训课程体系。     

工作价值观、调节焦点与安全绩效的关系研究——基于煤矿企业新生代员工的实证分析

为了从价值观和调节焦点的双重视角给煤矿企业新生代员工的安全管理提供科学依据,在文献研究和问卷调查的基础上,对 244 个有效样本进行分析,揭示煤矿企业新生代员工工作价值观的具体内容,结合动机理论和调节焦点理论,构建煤矿企业新生代员工工作价值观、调节焦点和安全绩效的结构方程模型。研究结果表明:煤矿企业新生代员工的工作价值观包含发展导向、自我导向、关系认同、独立自主、利益导向和创造导向6个因子结构;煤矿企业新生代员工的工作价值观、调节焦点和安全绩效两两之间均显著相关;煤矿企业新生代员工的工作价值观不仅可以直接预测安全绩效,还可以通过调节焦点的中介作用间接影响煤矿员工的安全绩效。     

员工胜任力体系建设：新的四维构架与整合方法

随着知识经济的到来，工作内容的知识化和丰富化使得人的心智和能力在工作中扮演着更加重要和活跃的角色。按照一纸职位说明书来”照章办事”的传统工作方式受到了挑战，以员工胜任力的开发为核心的人力资源管理成为重要的建设方向。本文将结合实践中的创新，就员工胜任力体系的建设提出新的构架、方法和应用方式。     

民航运营单位安全管理人员胜任力模型实证研究

为探究评价民航运营单位安全管理人员是否胜任其岗位的关键要素,提供科学有效的招聘和考核安全管理人员的依据,以分析安全管理人员工作职责为基础,运用探索性因子分析确定民航安全管理人员胜任力模型,并采用验证性因子分析检验其合理性与有效性。模型包括体系优化能力、隐患排查能力、风险管控能力、应急处理能力、信息处理能力、事件调查能力、教育培训能力7个一级指标,以及熟知民航法规与安全生产法、掌握安全审计专业知识、掌握事故或不安全事件调查相关法规与工作流程、能够识别各运行岗位存在的危险源与安全隐患等29个二级指标。研究结果表明:隐患排查能力对民航安全管理人员胜任力水平的影响最为显著,其次是风险管控能力、应急处理能力、信息处理能力、体系优化能力、事件调查能力,教育培训能力影响最小。     

煤矿员工的“知-能-行”不安全行为模式研究

从认知心理学视角,分析煤矿员工不安全行为的决策心理过程,构建煤矿员工不安全行为"知-能-行"模式模型,归纳该模式下煤矿员工不安全行为致因因素,为煤矿员工不安全行为管理工作提供了重要理论参考。研究表明:煤矿管理者的不尽职行为是一种重要的不安全行为,并成为导致我国煤矿事故频发的根本原因;安全管理规定和行为规范、员工的记忆状态、理解能力、行为认知能力、价值观及价值判断、行动能力均是影响煤矿员工作出不安全行为的重要心理因素;预防和控制煤矿员工不安全行为应从煤矿员工的外在规定性、"知"、"能"、"行"4个方面入手;对煤矿管理者和工人的不安全行为管理应具有差异性。     

How important is vehicle safety in the new vehicle purchase/lease process for fleet vehicles?

OBJECTIVE: Despite the potential benefits that fleet vehicle purchase decisions could have on road safety, the role that vehicle safety plays in fleet managers' purchase decisions is poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, fleet managers from Sweden and Spain completed a questionnaire regarding the importance of vehicle safety in the new vehicle purchase/lease process and the importance that is placed on safety options/features relative to other convenience and comfort features. RESULTS: The findings of the current study suggest that vehicle safety is generally not the primary consideration in the vehicle purchase process and is consistently outranked by factors such as price and dependability/reliability. For example, when asked to indicate the vehicle factors that are included in their company's criteria for purchasing/leasing a new vehicle, fleet managers from both Sweden and Spain were more likely to list the vehicle's price, reliability, running costs, size, and fuel consumption than the vehicle's safety (defined as the vehicle's EuroNCAP rating/other safety reports). In addition, the findings of this study suggest that the importance of vehicle safety did not differ across the two countries. For example, there was no significant difference in the proportion of fleet managers who indicated that EuroNCAP ratings were part of their official policy across the two countries. CONCLUSION: The findings highlighted the need to educate fleet managers about vehicle safety in the new vehicle purchase/lease process. In addition, vehicle safety information, such as EuroNCAP results or other crash test results need to be promoted more widely and effectively so that they play a more prominent role in their new vehicle choices.     

煤矿企业员工不安全行为影响因子分析研究

为探讨煤矿企业员工不安全行为影响因子的相互关系,基于行为安全模型,从管理者、班组长和一线员工3个角度进行分析,确定了对行为安全有关键影响的因子群。在此基础上,采用决策试验与评价实验室(DEMATEL)方法,研究构建行为影响因子之间的依赖关系矩阵,揭示安全投入程度、安全监管机构能力、安全处罚适当性等因子对员工行为方式的影响程度,并形成煤矿员工行为方式影响因子的四分图。结果表明:安全投入程度是煤矿员工行为方式的主要影响因子和原因因子,管理者行为影响因子均是其原因因子,管理者的行为方式对企业安全状况有较大影响。     

Mental models of safety: do managers and employees see eye to eye?

PROBLEM: Disagreements between managers and employees about the causes of accidents and unsafe work behaviors can lead to serious workplace conflicts and distract organizations from the important work of establishing positive safety climate and reducing the incidence of accidents. METHOD AND RESULTS: In this study, the authors examine a model for predicting safe work behaviors and establish the model's consistency across managers and employees in a steel plant setting. Using the model previously described by Brown, Willis, and Prussia (2000), the authors found that when variables influencing safety are considered within a framework of safe work behaviors, managers and employees share a similar mental model. The study then contrasts employees' and managers' specific attributional perceptions. Findings from these more fine-grained analyses suggest the two groups differ in several respects about individual constructs. Most notable were contrasts in attributions based on their perceptions of safety climate. When perceived climate is poor, managers believe employees are responsible and employees believe managers are responsible for workplace safety. However, as perceived safety climate improves, managers and employees converge in their perceptions of who is responsible for safety. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: It can be concluded from this study that in a highly interdependent work environment, such as a steel mill, where high system reliability is essential and members possess substantial experience working together, managers and employees will share general mental models about the factors that contribute to unsafe behaviors, and, ultimately, to workplace accidents. It is possible that organizations not as tightly coupled as steel mills can use such organizations as benchmarks, seeking ways to create a shared understanding of factors that contribute to a safe work environment. Part of this improvement effort should focus on advancing organizational safety climate. As climate improves, managers and employees are likely to agree more about the causes of safe/unsafe behaviors and workplace accidents, ultimately increasing their ability to work in unison to prevent accidents and to respond appropriately when they do occur. Finally, the survey items included in this study may be useful to organizations wishing to conduct self-assessments.     

Challenges in performing technical safety reviews of modifications – A case study

The aim of the present study, is to identify strengths and weaknesses of the technical safety review process at a Swedish Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). In this context, the function of safety reviews are understood as expert judgements on proposals for design modifications¹ and redesign of technical systems (i.e. commercial nuclear reactors), supported by formalised safety review processes. The chosen methodology is using two complementary methods: interviews of personnel performing safety reviews, and analysis of safety review reports from 2005 to 2009.The study shows that personal integrity is a trademark of the review staff and there are sufficient support systems to ensure high quality. The partition between primary and independent review is positive, having different focus and staff with different skills and perspectives making the reviews, which implies supplementary roles. The process contributes to “getting the right things done the right way”. The study also shows that though efficient communication, feedback, processes for continuous improvement, and “learning organizations” are well known success factors in academia, it is not that simple to implement and accomplish in real life.It is argued that future applications of safety review processes should focus more on communicating and clarifying the process and its adherent requirements, and improve the feedback system within the process.     

Night club patrons who feel safe will return: Evidence to encourage management to address club violence

IntroductionThere is substantial evidence that heavy drinking is associated with aggression and violence. Most managers of drinking establishments are required to maintain a security staff to deal with disruptive patrons who threaten an organization's business or legal status. However, managers may focus little on minor instances of aggression even though these may escalate into more serious events. We hypothesize that proactive security efforts may positively affect patrons' perceptions of nighttime safety and influence their decisions to return to the club, thereby affecting the club's bottom line.MethodData for this study were collected from entry and exit surveys with 1714 attendees at 70 electronic music dance events at 10 clubs in the San Francisco Bay Area (2010–2012). Participants were asked to report on observations and experiences with aggressive behavior while in the club, their overall perception of club safety, and their plans to return to the same club in the next 30 days. Mediational multiple regression analysis was used to relate observations of club security to perceptions of personal safety and plans to return to the club.ResultsReported observations of an active club security staff were positively related to perceptions of personal safety. Safety perceptions, in turn, were significantly related to plans to return to the club. The indirect path between perceptions of security and plans to return was significant as well.ConclusionsThe results suggest that an active security presence inside clubs can encourage club attendance by providing an environment where minor altercations are minimized, contributing to the perception of club safety.Practical ApplicationsEvidence that proactive security efforts appear to increase return customers might motivate managers to implement better security policies.     

Developing a competency model for safety professionals: Correlations between competency and safety functions

IntroductionPersonal competency is an important factor influencing individual performance. The objective of this study was to develop a competency model of safety professionals and investigate the factors contributing to their competency to achieve greater safety performance.MethodIn this study, 299 participants (153 safety professionals and 146 safety educators) completed self-administered questionnaires. The response rate was 75%.ResultsThe results of exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis revealed that the competency scale for safety professionals comprised five factors. Additionally, the factor “safety and health training and management” explained most of the variance in the competency. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) results showed that the respondents’ perception of professional competency was significantly influenced by the following factors: occupation, age, job tenure, level of education, and work status. Additionally, the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient analysis indicated that a safety professional's perceived competencies and safety functions were positively correlated.Impact on industryThis study discusses possible reasons for the influence of the factors previously mentioned and explains how the results can contribute to the development of safety competencies and curricula.     

空中交通管制员与飞行员通信风险评估指标体系研究

对空管安全风险管理的关键环节——管制员与飞行员的通信过程进行分析,探讨管制员与飞行员通信失误的表现,分析造成通信失误的原因,从人员、设备、环境和管理4个方面探讨通信风险因素。在此基础上,构建管制员与飞行员通信风险评估指标体系,包括总体层、因素层和指标层3个层次及18项评估指标。通过对通信风险进行监测、评价和管控,帮助管理人员发现通信过程存在的安全隐患,增强管制员与飞行员通信工作的可靠性,从而提高空中交通安全水平。