曝气条件对串联潜流人工湿地净污效果的影响

选取砾石、炉渣和沸石作为级配基质,构建由三级串联的潜流人工湿地模型,研究了针对三级串联的潜流人工湿地,不同曝气位置和曝气量对人工模拟污水净化效果的影响,并对两个影响因素进行二维方差分析,对曝气条件进行了优选。选取表层曝气、中层曝气、底层曝气3种曝气位置和气水体积比3∶1、6∶1、9∶1的3种曝气量。运行结果表明:曝气后,NH3-N和COD去除率上升,NH3-N去除率由7.80%最高提升到23.79%,COD去除率由5.42%最高提升至23.04%,但PO3-4-P去除率下降,由24.32%最低降至9.76%。优选的曝气位置是底层曝气,优选的气水体积比是6∶1,此时NH3-N、COD、PO3-4-P去除率分别是21.21%、23.04%、13.54%。曝气位置和曝气量的交互作用对NH3-N和COD去除率有显著影响,对PO3-4-P去除率影响不显著。     

PKA人工湿地技术在生活污水处理中的试验研究

采用德国引进的环境友好型新技术——PKA人工湿地,考察湿地对污水的净化效果、影响因素以及污染物的去除机制,以期了解PKA人工湿地技术在处理生活污水中的运行规律和作用机制。结果表明:(1)出水COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP分别达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中Ⅳ、Ⅲ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类标准,COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP去除率均达到82%以上;(2)PKA人工湿地技术在处理生活污水时,投资少、建设管理方便、运行费用低,特别适用于水库上游居民分散、难建集中式污水处理厂的情况。     

高效集成生物反应器处理生活污水的试验研究

采用高效集成生物反应器(HCR)处理生活污水,考察了水力停留时间、污泥回流比和射流量对污染物去除效果的影响.结果表明,在水力停留时间为90 min,污泥回流比为120%和射流量为2.1 m3/h的最佳运行条件下,HCR对COD、BOD5、NH3-N和SS的去除率分别为82.3%、93.5%、86.3%和93.1%,出水COD、BOD5、NH3-N和SS均达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)中一级B标准.     

农户庭院型人工湿地对农村生活污水的净化效果

为了探讨人工湿地在农村生活污水处理应用中的可行性,通过在广东省珠海市上洲村建立农户型水平潜流和垂直流人工湿地系统各一套,比较2种人工湿地对农村生活污水净化效果的差异。在运行稳定阶段,2套系统处理出水中COD、BOD5、TP、NH4+-N和TN的平均浓度均达到了城镇污水处理厂排放标准(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。2套系统对农村生活污水的各污染物都具有很好的去除效果。其中,垂直流湿地对COD、BOD5、TP、TN和NH4+-N平均去除率分别为96.10%、96.01%、85.32%、91.18%和82.44%;水平潜流湿地则分别为93.29%、94.41%、86.52%、85.95%和77.46%。统计分析结果表明,垂直流湿地对NH4+-N的去除率高于水平潜流湿地,且其差异达到显著水平;水平潜流湿地对TP的去除率高于垂直流湿地,但其差异未达到显著水平。     

曝气对两种人工湿地污水净化效果的影响

采用复合垂直流和水平潜流2种人工湿地处理混合污水,研究了在气水比(曝气体积/湿地进水体积)为2、4、6、8和10时2种人工湿地对污水的净化效果.结果显示:(1)复合垂直流人工湿地以气水比为2进行曝气时,对污水的净化效果最好,上行池出水的COD、TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N平均去除率比不曝气时分别提高了16.47%、...     

Biostyr曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的沿程生化特性

青岛市麦岛污水处理厂采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理城市污水,以稳定运行的Biostyr为研究载体,考察滤池COD、NH3-N、SS和细菌数量等生化特性的沿程变化.结果表明,在气水比为4∶1～5∶1、进水COD负荷为2.5 ～3.7 kg/(m3·d)、进水NH3-N负荷为0.18～0.57 kg/(m3·d)时,滤池对COD的降解主要在150 cm填料以下处,COD的去除率可达58.9％;NH3-N去除率沿滤柱高度的变化与COD有所不同,在100 cm以下填料处,NH3-N的去除率仅为3.6％,在100 ～350 cm填料之间,NH3-N的去除率增加迅速,可达56.1％;对SS的去除主要发生在100 cm填料以下,去除率达51.7％.     

UASB/SBR/氧化塘工艺处理养猪废水

针对养猪废水COD高、NH3-N高、SS高的特点.采用UASB/SBR/氧化塘作为主体处理工艺.UASB反应器采用消化污泥接种,SBR反应器采用好氧活性污泥接种,经过近2个月的运行,对COD、BOD5、NH3-N、SS、TP的去除率分别达到93.7%、97.4%、92.4%、97.3%、96.4%,出水各项指标都达到<畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准>(GB 18596-2001).     

垃圾压缩站污水的生物强化处理

垃圾压缩站污水是一种具有高COD、高NH3-N特点的有机污水.以厌氧/好氧组合工艺为基础,通过投加高效菌株对活性污泥系统进行生物强化.实验结果表明,与空白相比,厌氧出水COD去除率提高约30%,好氧出水NH3-N去除率提高约20%.最终出水COD《120 mg/L, NH3-N《25 mg/L,均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)二级排放标准.     

曝气生物滤池处理生活污水研究

研究了上向流式曝气生物滤池反应器对生活污水COD和NH3-N的启动性能.结果表明,在启动期间,COD和NH3-N的最佳去除率分别达到了94.8%和93.2%;稳定运行期间,在气水比为3:1的条件下,曝气生物滤池对COD和NH3-N的平均去除率分别为95.9%和93.7%;沿程COD和NH3-N的去除率随着滤层高度的增加...     

低C/N比老龄化垃圾渗滤液处理工程的提标改造

采用两级厌氧好氧活性污泥法(A/O)与活性污泥浸没式膜生物反应器(AS-SMBR)结合的生化处理系统和纳滤(NF)深度处理系统,处理BOD5/NH3-N比为0.13～0.22,BOD5/COD比仅0.11左右的老龄化垃圾渗滤液。在水力停留时间不变的条件下,采用同步培养驯化法,控制生化系统DO值在3～4 mg/L,回流比为400%～500%,pH≥7.2,考察了处理系统对垃圾渗滤液中主要污染物的去除情况和MLSS、pH和SV30等运行指标的变化情况,结果表明,生化系统出水的NH3-N去除率>99%,COD平均去除率>50%;NF系统出水的COD去除率≥91%,NH3-N浓度<8 mg/L,且回收率≥75%,出水完全达到GB16889-2008标准中表2的污染物浓度限值和提标改造的要求。     

反硝化生物滤池深度脱氮机理

研究了反硝化生物滤池对污水中硝酸盐氮的脱氮机制及其影响因素。结果表明,在实验室小试条件下,反硝化生物滤池启动14 d后出水基本达到稳定,NO3--N和TN的去除率分别为80%～88%和76%～80%,COD的去除率达到80%以上。稳定运行期,在室温20～29℃、水力负荷为1.5～2 m3/(m2.h)、COD/TN为3.7～4.5的条件下,反应器对NO3--N和TN的去除率分别为70%～85%和47%～64%,且在运行过程中出现了少量NO2--N的积累。分析反硝化生物滤池沿水流方向有机物浓度及氮形态分布发现,沿水流方向NH4+-N浓度基本保持不变;NO2--N浓度在滤层底部至40 cm高处积累较为明显,其后浓度基本不变。     

颗粒化序列间歇式活性污泥反应器工艺处理化粪池污水

在序列间歇式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中成功培养出适应化粪池污水水质的好氧颗粒污泥.并将其应用于化粪池污水的处理.在好氧颗粒污泥培养的第15天左右,SBR中开始出现细小的颗粒,然后微生物在其上繁殖生长使颗粒逐渐增大而成熟;在第24天时,SBR中絮状活性污泥已基本实现了颗粒化.培养出的好氧颗粒污泥对化粪池污水有稳定的处理效果,在进水完全为化粪池污水时,COD、NH_4~+-N、TN的平均去除率分别为77%、61%、47%.但是,由于化粪池污水COD较低,因此无法维持较高的生物量,在后期的稳定运行过程中MLSS始终维持在2 500 mg/L左右.好氧颗粒污泥的同步硝化反硝化作用是其稳定脱氮的保证.     

Biological treatment of wastewater by selected aquatic plants

Pollutant-removal efficiency of certain macrophytes and algae, such as Eichhornia crassipes, Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus falcatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas mirabilis, has been tested in laboratory conditions to evaluate their potential role in wastewater treatment. Sewage of Varanasi city, mixed with the effluents of about 1200 small-scale industries, was used for the tests. The investigation was performed in three stages i.e. a water hyacinth culture followed by an algal culture, and finally a second water hyacinth culture. For the first water hyacinth culture, 10 water hyacinth plants were grown in a tank of wastewater with 15 days' retention time. In the second stage, algal species were cultured in the treated wastewater for 5 days, whilst in the third stage, water hyacinth plants were again grown for further treatment of the wastewater for 9 days. This three-stage aquaculture resulted in very high reductions of BOD (96.9%), suspended solids (78.1%), total alkalinity (74.6%), PO(4)-P (89.2%), NO(3)-N (81.7%), acidity (73.3%), NH(4)-N (95.1%), COD (77.9%), hardness (68.6%) and coliform bacteria (99.2%). An increase in the concentration of dissolved oxygen (70%) was also observed.     

有效微生物菌与水生植物联合净化珍珠蚌养殖废水

以无有效微生物(EM)菌与水生植物的珍珠蚌养殖水体(NSE)作为对照组,对EM菌(EM)、苦草+菹草(VP)、水芹菜+水葱(OS)、苦草+菹草+EM菌(VPE)以及水芹菜+水葱+EM菌(OSE)净化珍珠蚌养殖废水的效果进行了对比研究。实验结果表明,EM、VP、OS对珍珠蚌养殖水体N、P均有较好的净化效果,VPE与OSE去N、P效果更佳。净化28 d后5组合中VPE对NH4+-N的去除效果最好,去除率达98.79%;OSE对NO2-N与TN的去除效果最佳,去除率分别达88.09%和91.53%;TP的去除率VPE最高,达91.75%;而COD的去除率以VP最高,达94.97%,效果好于VPE与OSE;EM池水体DO质量浓度第8天达到峰值(9.88±0.61)mg/L,VP、OS、VPE与OSE均在第16天左右达到峰值。实验数据还表明,EM净化水体效果与VP、OS、VPE和OSE均存在显著性差异,对照组NSE对水体的净化效果不明显。     

Purification effects of two eco-ditch systems on Chinese soft-shelled turtle greenhouse culture wastewater pollution

The present study used an eco-ditch system that employed Eichhornia crassipes, Bacillus subtilis, and Bellamya aeruginosa (E–B–B) during the summer and fall (high temperature) seasons and a second eco-ditch system that employed Elodea nuttallii, a compound microbial preparation called “EM bacteria”, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (E–E–H) during the winter and spring (low temperature) seasons successively to purify the discharged wastewater produced by Chinese soft-shelled turtle greenhouse cultivation. The wastewater was sampled, and the dynamic changes in the major nutrient pollutant indicators over several months were analysed. After the E–B–B and E–E–H eco-ditch purification systems were operated for nearly 140 days each, the following results were observed: the total nitrogen (TN) removal rates in the wastewater were 75 % and 69 %, respectively; the total phosphorus (TP) removal rates were 82 % and 86 %, respectively; the NH₄ ⁺-N removal rates were 91 % and 75 %, respectively; the chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) decreased 54 % and 44 %, respectively; the dissolved oxygen (DO) contents increased nearly 3 to 4 times; and the wastewater was maintained at neutral or alkaline pH values. The wastewater physical traits gradually changed from being yellow, brown, and muddy to being pale yellow, slightly turbid, and odourless. Both eco-ditch systems were observed to have a relatively favourable effect on the purification of Chinese soft-shelled turtle aquaculture wastewater. The continuous use of both eco-ditch systems could result in a year-round purification effect on Chinese soft-shelled turtle greenhouse aquaculture wastewater; therefore, this method has good prospects for promotion and application.     

葡萄糖和L-丙氨酸对藻菌共生系统处理养殖废水的影响研究

利用莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonasreinhardtii CC-125)与凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscoagulans BS32)构建藻菌共生系统,通过Biolog EcoPlateTM微孔板筛选系统可利用碳源,进而研究葡萄糖和L-丙氨酸对藻菌共生系统中微藻和细菌生长的影响,并考察其对养殖废水的净化能力.结果...     

反硝化聚磷菌群的培养驯化

以污水处理厂二沉池的活性污泥为种泥,采用SBR反应器初步完成了反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)的培养与驯化.在第1阶段的30 d里,污泥进行了厌氧-好氧驯化,聚磷菌好氧吸磷最终可基本稳定在85%左右,然后转变驯化条件进行第2阶段的厌氧-缺氧驯化,60 d后磷的去除率稳定在70%左右.通过实验得出,硝酸盐的消耗量与磷的吸收量基本呈线性关系,认为系统基本完成了污泥的驯化.     

Treatment of high-strength pet food wastewater using two-stage membrane bioreactors.

A two-stage membrane bioreactor was used to treat dissolved-air-flotation pretreated, high-strength pet food wastewater characterized by oil and grease concentrations of 50 000 to 82 000 mg/L and total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentrations of 100 000 and 80 000 mg/L, respectively, to meet stringent surface discharge criteria (i.e., BOD5, total suspended solids [TSS], and ammonium-nitrogen [NH4(+)-N] of < 10 mg/L at an overall hydraulic retention time of 6.3 days). Organic contaminants were removed primarily in the first stage, followed by almost complete removal of ammonia in the second stage. Despite a rise in poorly biodegradable COD in the second stage, overall removal of TSS, BOD5, COD, and ammonia was 100, 99.9, 95.2, and 99.7%, respectively, thus readily achieving the required criteria. Consistent nitrite accumulation over a period of more than 100 days, even at dissolved oxygen concentrations of more than 2.5 mg/L, was remarkable. A residual alkalinity requirement for nitrification was quantified. Membrane performance was extensively studied in this work.     

浸没式MBR技术在养猪场废水处理中的应用

采用浸没式MBR,并结合传统的A/O工艺处理高COD和高NH₃-N浓度的养猪场废水。结果表明,当废水处理站进水水质COD为9 100 mg/L,BOD5为3 788 mg/L,SS为4 490 mg/L,NH₃-N为450 mg/L时,出水COD<85 mg/L,BOD₅<10 mg/L,SS<5 mg/L,NH₃-N<5 mg/L,达到DB 31/199-1997一级标准。实验证明,浸没式MBR法可用于畜禽养殖业废水处理。     

The effect of temperature on the growth and biochemical activities of Escherichia coli in sewage

Studies on the role of individual species of bacteria in wastewater treatment methods, especially the effect of environmental factors and enzyme activities, are limited. In the present investigation Escherichia coli, isolated from a stabilisation pond, was grown in sterile sewage at various temperatures, ranging from 10 degrees to 50 degrees C, and its growth and associated biochemical activities were studied. A temperature of 30 degrees C was found to be optimum for the growth, BOD removal, NH(3)-N release and the activities of protease and catalase. E. coli which was once considered to be of little value in wastewater treatment, also accounted for a considerable reduction in BOD and NH(3)-N release. At optimum and lower temperatures, the catalase activity was proportional to the viable cell count of the bacterium. Dissolved oxygen exhibited an inverse relationship with bacterial growth and protease activity was more pronounced during the declining phase of bacterial growth.