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1.
化工储罐区池火灾多米诺效应风险评估   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
化工储罐区储罐数量较多且集中,一旦发生事故很可能诱发多米诺效应造成灾难性的后果。在分析池火灾多米诺效应作用模式的基础上,建立了池火灾多米诺效应风险评估模型,并对某化工储罐区进行了实例计算,分析了单一储罐池火灾事故引发其他储罐池火灾的风险。分析结果表明,池火灾是诱发化工储罐多米诺事故的重要因素,且会造成风险的显著增加,但并非所有的池火灾事故都会诱发多米诺效应。此外,将多米诺效应评价方法应用于化工储罐池火灾事故风险评估中可有效地预测次生事故的发生概率和后果,从而提出针对性措施。  相似文献   

2.
随着油品储罐区规模的不断扩大,近年来多储罐火灾事故呈上升趋势。现有的储罐防火间距是在以往事故经验的基础上设定的,通过罐组内的火灾多米诺效应概率计算,可从风险的角度为罐组内储罐防火间距的设定提供理论依据。通过综合考虑火灾环境下受辐射储罐失效时间和着火储罐火灾得到控制时间,确定了罐组内火灾多米诺效应的判定原则,并在火灾得到控制时间模型和储罐失效时间模型的基础上建立了火灾多米诺效应概率计算模型。以2万立外浮顶原油储罐为例进行模拟计算,得出在现行标准给出的防火间距下,发生罐组火灾多米诺效应的概率为3.94×10-8/a-1,属于可接受风险,为罐组内储罐的合理布局提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
化工储罐区池火灾多米诺效应研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
从多米诺效应发生的机理,阐述了化工储罐区池火灾多米诺效应的分析过程,并对其产生的后果以及可能引发的多米诺事故概率进行了分析计算,简要分析了我国现行的罐区安全距离的合理性.  相似文献   

4.
为有效地减少和控制事故的多米诺效应,对影响事故扩展的关键装置,即脆弱单元的辨识及其有效控制措施进行了研究。根据具体的设计方案,依次选定不同储罐作为初始事故单元,借助ALOHA软件计算各储罐之间热辐射及冲击波相互作用强度的大小,与损伤阈值进行比较,并考虑设备间的协同作用,从而确定可能发生的多米诺事故;运用Probit模型计算事故扩展概率,根据计算结果通过Bayes Server软件建立贝叶斯网络,利用先验概率来进行整体脆弱性分析,从而确定各个方案的安全性;对优选的方案通过后验概率进行单元脆弱性分析,从而确定脆弱单元;在此基础上提出相应的控制措施。通过实例计算验证了该方法的可行性,结果表明,该方法能够在多米诺效应的预防和控制方面有效发挥作用。  相似文献   

5.
为定量研究相邻储罐间爆炸碎片冲击的多米诺效应,基于蒙特卡洛方法建立爆炸碎片冲击失效模型.该模型共包括爆炸能量与碎片初始速度、考虑风速及碎片初始位置的碎片三维抛射轨迹、空气阻力、碎片冲击穿透等4个分步模型.基于上述模型,研究储罐爆炸后碎片的初始状态、抛射轨迹以及对相邻储罐的冲击效应.在数值模拟结果的基础上,用储罐最高允许工作压力代替泄放装置的泄压压力来计算爆炸压力,绘制碎片质量及初始速度的直方图,定量分析储罐间距对击中概率的影响.结果表明,热辐射、超压和碎片冲击3种能量作用方式均可能导致储罐间火灾爆炸事故多米诺现象发生,但爆炸碎片冲击导致相邻罐失效的概率较低.  相似文献   

6.
王自龙  蒋勇 《火灾科学》2021,30(1):54-62
化工园区中危险源众多,一旦发生事故很容易在整个园区内蔓延和发展.针对化工园区内储罐密集,容易引发连锁反应导致事故扩大的特点,利用FDS软件对储罐火灾场景进行数值模拟,根据储罐所受热辐射确定化工园区内储罐火灾最可能的事故发生序列,并引入基于设备失效前时间的机械设备故障概率模型对罐区内单个储罐的火灾风险进行研究,得到储罐区...  相似文献   

7.
介绍了多米诺效应的基本原理和多米诺事故发生的概率分析方法。提出在一定条件下进行储罐区风险评价时,多米诺效应对个人风险值的影响不容忽视,并给出了考虑多米诺效应的个人风险计算方法。最后利用开发的个人风险计算软件通过分析计算,给出了某储罐区的个人风险等值线分布图。结果表明,该罐区正北方向相邻的一劳动密集型工厂需搬迁,或采取相应安全保护措施降低风险。该方法考虑了多米诺效应对装置事故发生概率的影响,能提高个人风险计算结果的真实性与准确性。  相似文献   

8.
为了评估火灾爆炸事故中相邻储罐由于多米诺效应而引发二次事故的风险,提出了基于热辐射、冲击波超压以及碎片冲击等三种物理效应共同作用下的事故多米诺效应耦合分析模型.模型采用概率组合方法计算事故影响区域内目标对象发生二次事故的最可能组合及概率.研究表明,火灾爆炸事故多米诺效应的产生受到多种因素影响,其中平面布局、防火间距是影响二次事故发生的主要因素.在计算设施失效概率的过程中,考虑了热辐射、爆炸冲击波以及碎片冲击三种物理效应的耦合作用效果,采用影响系数法对二次事故的可能单元组合加以研究.最后,以一储罐区蒸气云爆炸事故为例对可能发生的二次事故进行了模拟,得到了相邻储罐二次事故的单元组合及概率.  相似文献   

9.
为研究油气储罐区多米诺事故中耦合效应对事故扩展的影响,通过借鉴不同领域耦合效应的定义及内涵,提出多米诺事故中耦合效应的定义,并构建多灾种多因素耦合情景及耦合效应影响因素图;针对某一罐区,运用贝叶斯网络模型分析发生池火灾时热辐射的耦合效应,借助Netica软件探讨某储罐发生池火灾时事故的最大可能传播路径。结果表明:储罐受到多热辐射的共同影响即多热辐射场耦合作用时,多米诺事故发生概率明显增大;当储罐V11发生池火灾时,为预防多米诺事故的发生,需要重点对储罐V21采取保护措施。  相似文献   

10.
为量化原油储罐区域火灾事故中由多米诺效应引发的事故风险,基于图模型提出一种同时考虑初级火灾事故及其扩展概率的多米诺效应评定算法。首先,采用事故树计算储罐的年度初级火灾事故起数的期望值;其次,以产生初级火灾事故的储罐为节点,以火灾扩展方向为边构建图模型;然后,基于图模型构建各个节点发生事故的贝叶斯网络;最后,借助贝叶斯网络计算各节点在多米诺效应下发生事故起数的总期望值,并将提出的算法应用到某储罐区火灾事故多米诺效应的评定中。结果表明:相对于仅考虑单一储罐,考虑周围储罐发生事故的多米诺效应后,部分储罐的事故起数的总期望值有明显提高;在事故风险评定中不应忽视多米诺效应这一因素。  相似文献   

11.
    
We developed the movement equations for fragments with the size of the bursting vessel. The ground distributions of fragments, the probability of impact between the fragments and the target, the rupture probability of the impacted target, and the domino effect risk caused by fragments were investigated for different source types and sizes using Monte-Carlo simulations. The distribution of fragments from the lower half of the source vessels onto the ground was non-zero, that is, it is probable that the fragments would hit the target vessel close to the source. The relative difference of impact probability is larger than 10% when the target vessel is within eight times the source diameter for the three types of sources considered. The proportion of impacts of fragments from the lower part of the source to total impact decreased with distance, while that for fragments from the upper part increased. The proportion of upper and lower parts is equal for distance approximately five times the source diameter. The source size needs to be considered along with the distance from the source to the target when less than approximately 14 times the source diameter. Its effect on impact probability and domino effect risk was significant. The rupture probability of the target depended very little on the source size.  相似文献   

12.
    
Fire accidents of chemical installations may cause domino effects in atmospheric tank farms, where a large amount of hazardous substances are stored or processed. Pool fire is a major form of fire accidents, and the thermal radiation from pool fire is the primary hazard of domino accidents. The coupling of multiple pool fires is a realistic and important accident phenomenon that enhances the propagation of domino accidents. However, previous research has mostly focused on the escalation of domino accidents induced by a single pool fire. To overcome the drawback, in this study, the failure of a storage tank under the coupling effect of multiple pool fires was studied in view of spatial and temporal synergistic process. The historical accident statistics indicated that the accident scenario of two-pool fires accounted for 30.6% in pool fires. The domino accident scenario involving three tanks is analyzed, and the typical layout of tanks is isosceles right triangle based on Chinese standard “GB50341-2014”. The thermal response and damage of a target tank heated by pool fires were numerically investigated. The volume of 500 m3, 3000 m3, 5000 m3 and 10000 m3 were selected. Flame temperature was obtained by FDS, and then was input onto the finite element model. The temperature field and stress field of target tanks were simulated by ABAQUS. The results showed that the temperature rise rate of the target tanks under multiple pool fires was higher than that under a single pool fire. The failure time of the tank under the coupling effect of multiple fires was lower than that under the superposition of multiple fires without the first stage. The stress and yield strength were compared to judge the failure of the target tank. The model of failure time for the tank under the coupling effect of pool fires was established. Through the verification, the deviation of this model is 4.02%, which is better than the deviation of 15.76% with Cozzani's model.  相似文献   

13.
The paper presents an inventory, perhaps the most comprehensive till date, of the major process-industry accidents involving ‘domino effect’. The inventory includes, among other relevant information, the sequence of accidents that had occurred in each domino episode. The information has been analyzed to identify several patterns which may be useful in further work on understanding domino effect and reducing the probability of its occurrence in future. A concept of ‘local domino effect’ has been introduced.  相似文献   

14.
Despite the remarkable severity of domino effects in activities at major hazard, a complete methodology analysing such events has not been developed and integrated within Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA). Such a deficiency appears to be particularly remarkable for domino effects triggered by the projection of fragments. The aim of the present work is therefore to propose a systematic procedure for the quantification of domino effects due to fragments projection within QRA. To achieve this objective, the deterministic approach for the estimation of the realistic trajectory of fragments is entirely reviewed. In order to incorporate such a reviewed approach within the standard QRA, a probabilistic model for the impact probability of the fragments is developed by applying a Monte-Carlo method to the trajectory equations. The validation of the proposed framework is carried out by using the data related to an accident occurred in 1993 in the oil refinery of Milazzo (Italy).  相似文献   

15.
    
Accidents in chemical industrial parks can result in mass casualties and the risk usually escalates due to domino effects. However, most of the existing models of emergency logistics do not account for domino effect and may be unsuitable for emergency response to accidents in chemical industrial parks. This paper presents a mathematical model proposed for optimal assignments of allocating and scheduling emergency resources for rescuing victims and preventing accident spreading simultaneously. The detailed characteristics of accident scenarios and emergency resources are taken into account. Based on this, the efficiency of emergency response is evaluated by the total number of fatalities and the amount of losses caused by domino effects which are the optimal objectives of the model. A numerical case study was conducted by solving the model using a designed heuristic algorithm. The results showed the applicability and reliability of the proposed model for making optimal assignments for emergency response to accidents in chemical industrial parks.  相似文献   

16.
根据多米诺效应的特点,提出了针对多米诺场景和效应后果的定量风险分析方法.首先辨识多米诺效应的事故场景,针对场景的复杂性和事故后果的严重性,运用数学模型和概率分析手段对主要事故场景进行分析; 其次根据初始事故的影响,运用设备损坏概率模型计算二次目标设备的损坏概率和场景的后果; 最后,运用人体脆弱性模型对效应后果进行分析,量化多米诺效应的风险,结合风险分析方法和理论得到直观的个人风险和F-N社会风险曲线.多米诺分析流程及计算的结果表明,多米诺效应对个人风险和社会风险都造成了显著的变化,加强多米诺效应分析有利于工厂规划布局和安全管理.  相似文献   

17.
    
The protective layer of chemical storage tank has a significant effect in risk mitigation of projectile-related accidents but the research is still in infancy. In order to investigate the performance of protective layer against projectile, dynamic response process of the large-scale vertical storage tank impacted by the end-cap fragment is simulated based on the LS-DYNA. In this paper, some key factors (thickness, layering order and number of layers) affecting its performance are discussed, which can be characterized by the deformation degrees of the target tank. It is found that the anti-penetration performance is improved rapidly with the increase of thickness, and aluminum (Al) protective layer shows a higher sensitivity to thickness change compared to Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) protective layer. Three double-layered protective layers for different sequences are investigated and the Al-UHMWPE protective layer shows best performance. For the Al protective layers arranged in various combinations of equivalent total thickness, better performance is provided by monolithic structures than layered one. This study demonstrated the rational design of the protective layer around chemical storage tanks in material selection and structure configuration.  相似文献   

18.
对比研究长距离输煤管道储浆罐与石油储罐搅拌设计特点、罐顶设计特点、消防安全设施特点。经分析可知,长距离输煤管道储浆罐宜选用推进式搅拌器,罐壁上设置导流结构,宜采用固定顶、锥顶,设置简单消防安全设施,宜选用难燃保温材料;石油储罐优先选用旋转喷射式搅拌器,罐内油品进行定期搅拌,采用浮顶,大型的一般选用外浮顶,需设置完善消防安全设施。  相似文献   

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