Influence of “Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing“ on Chengde Tourism Spatial Alteration and Reconstruction

Chengde City, famous for its cultural sightseeing tourism industry, and is located in China‘s “Capital Holiday Tourism Circle“. This location is advantageous, because of the recent boom in China‘s national tourism industry. This industry has gone through several structural and development changes with in the past several years. A result of these restructuring patterns is the great changes concerning competitive and cooperative relations among tourism destinations, which have precipitated the decline of the traditional sightseeing pattern.Northern China‘s “Capital Holiday Tourism Circle“ is one of nine key areas within the Chinese tourism industry under development during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. In the present article the method of “Distance Decline of The Tourist Flow“ was used to define the flow of tourists in the Capital Holiday Tourism Circle and its influence upon Chengde‘s tourism spatial distribution. 3 aspects will be discussed: (1) The transformation from sightseeing to leisure markets makes the change possible in Chengde‘s tourism spatial pattern. (2) The location advantage (adjacent to Beijing and Tianjin) also leads to the change in Chengde tourism spatial pattern. (3) The establishment of freeways also contributes to a great degrees of change.The rapid development of leisure tourism might lead to the change from nucleus model to a diversified one within Chengde‘s tourism. Specifically, Chengde is developing the tourism industry with the central heritage area as the nucleus and the northern forest,pasture,southern mountain, and rivers as its periphery.     

简论"Alternative Tourism"的理解与翻译

《中国人口·资源与环境》2 0 0 1年第 2期发表了我对吴波先生《非大众型旅游 (Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｔｏｕｒｉｓｍ) :起源、概念及特征》(《旅游学刊》2 0 0 0年第 3期 ,以下简称《非》文 )的商榷性短评《“Ａｌ ｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅＴｏｕｒｉｓｍ”应译为“另类旅游”》(以下简称《另》文 ) ;同期发表的还有吴波先生的答辩《“ＡｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅＴｏｕｒｉｓｍ”能译为“另类旅游”吗》(以下简称《答辩》)。《答辩》照录了《非》文的有关内容。但是 ,我是不同意这些内容的 ,之所以在《另》文中未予置评 ,我认为 ,对于一些过渡性的…     

Progress in Enclave Tourism Study of Overseas： A Literature Review

In response to the ＂isolated island＂ phenomenon emerging from the development of tourist resorts in China, this paper reviews the study of enclave tourism overseas, which has similar features to the resort ＂island＂. Based on the literatures related to enclave tourism from Tourism Management and Annals of Tourism Research, this paper reviews the study of enclave tourism from the following aspects： definition discussion, theories used, causation of enclaves, characteristics and impacts of enclave tourism. The understanding of the overseas researches on enclave tourism would provide instructions for the study on the problems of Chinese resorts, such as enclavity and ＂island effects＂, and suggest measures for the sustainable development of resorts in China. This paper is divided into three sections. Section 1 briefly introduces the development of enclave tourism in developing countries and the outline of enclave tourism study. Section 2 elaborates on the contents of enclave tourism research and gives deep insights into the study on concepts, characteristics, causations and effects respectively, which is the key part of this paper; Section 3 concludes the review and proposes suggestions for the enclave tourism study in China.     

黄山风景区物质容量研究

系统地分析了旅游区物质容量与其子容量之间的关系,根据黄山区风景区客流空间负荷特点,认为北海游览区是黄山风景区物质容量的“瓶照”最低水桶板原则,合理计算了黄山风景区物质容量;详细探讨了扩大黄山风景区物质容量的若干途径。     

Research on Tourism Competitiveness of Chinese Island Counties： Based on Factor and Cluster Analysis

From the perspective of tourism competitiveness, the paper takes 12 island counties of China as the research object, and applies the method of factor analysis to study their com- petitiveness. The resu...     

Dynamic Evaluation on Regional Tourism Competitiveness： Urban Agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula, Eastern China

The article establishes the appraisal index system for entire urban agglomeration and its interior cities individually, concretely including five aspects： driving forces for tourism development, the level of tourism development, tourism impacts, tourism economic connection and tourism contributions of different cities to the whole urban agglomeration. As tourism competitiveness has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, systematicness and dynamicness, the article attempts to apply the structural prediction means of system dynamics to evaluating tourism competitiveness, aiming to provide some research methods and analysis ideas for tourism competitiveness measurement and trends analysis in urban agglomeration. Taking Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the study area, the article simulates and analyzes the tourism competitiveness trend of the whole region and its interior cities from 2005 to 2020, and the result reflects that integrated development and regional combination of tourism are important means to upgrade tourism competitiveness in this region.     

Research on Urban Tourism Image Positioning： A Case Study of Dengfeng in Henan Province

Aiming at facilitating the research of urban tourism im- age positioning, this paper summarizes the domestic and abroad theories on urban tourism image and analyzes its significance for cities. With De...     

青海省自然环境、人口容量探讨

本文通过对青海省自然地理环境及不同类型土地资源生产潜力分析基础上,按不同的生活水平指标,对青海省人口容量进行了初步定量探讨,并就提高人口容量提出了措施与对策。     

论人口容量与资源环境

本文在揭示人口容量拓扑空间结构的基础上,提出了第一性生产力的人口承载模型和未来世界人口的可容规模。并从生态均衡角度,探讨了人口合理容量的概念及其同消费水平和社会财富分配之间的依附机理。     

围湖垦殖对湖泊调蓄功能的累加效应分析

计算了长湖、洪湖在围垦前后湖泊容量在水位变化时的容量增长率和四个涝灾年份降雨条件下汛期湖泊水位逐日增加值，对四湖流域尚存的18个湖泊的围垦强度与容量损失情况进行了分析。结果发现，围垦后的长湖容量平均增长率、相对增长率、最大增长率分别从1.8436、0.1834、2.4979(10^8m^3/m）减少到了1.4321,0.1802,1.7569(10^8m^3/m0，洪湖容量平均增长率、相对增长率、最大增长率分别从5.8506、0.3000、6.5095(10^8m^3/m）减少到了3.3970、0.2900、3.4440(10^8m^3/m），围垦导致的湖泊容量损失随着水位上升呈加速增加趋势，随着围垦强度的增加呈加速增加趋势，围垦后这两个湖泊在同样降雨条件下的水位逐日增加值都有不同程度的增加且这种增加值随着雨量和围垦强度的增加而增加。18个湖泊容量变化率随着围垦强度的增加而增加且在围垦强度为40％左右时表现出门槛效应。表明围湖垦残对湖泊调蓄功能的影响具有明显的累加效应。从累加效应的角度对四湖流域围湖垦残的合理性和退田还湖问题进行了讨论。     

环境承载力理论在区域规划环境影响评价中的应用

环境承载力分析是区域规划环境影响评价的评价方法之一。对环境承载力的合理分析，能够反映区域社会经济和资源环境的协调程度，准确地评估区域规划对环境造成的影响，使评价更具科学性。在环境承载力定义的基础上，通过建立一定的指标体系，结合发展变量与限制变量之间关系的描述，研究了区域环境承载力的利用强度，由此提出了一种更为直观的环境综合承载力量化方法——环境承载力综合指数。并将其应用到广州市南沙国际汽车城规划环境影响评价中，为该规划的进一步完善提出了合理的建议。该方法能够准确反映区域规划对环境的影响，为区域的协调发展提供科学依据。     

土地功能视角下的土地资源人口承载力研究

长期以来,国内外对土地资源人口承载力的研究基本上都是围绕“耕地 粮食 人口”这一思路而展开的。在当前经济全球化、快速城市化的背景下,单一评价方法难以全面反映社会发展实际。从土地功能视角出发提出土地资源人口承载力评价的新体系：基于土地粮食视角的人口承载力、基于建设用地视角的人口承载力、基于土地经济关系视角的人口承载力。首次将土地经济关系引入土地资源承载力评价中,利用不同土地类型与国民经济部门的关系进行人口测算,可以真实反映当今经济社会下人口承载的实际状态。以攀枝花市、六盘水市为例进行了实证研究,仅从本区域评价结果来看,原有传统的土地粮食人口承载能力在此次评价中并不构成最大限制因素,而是建设用地或者土地经济关系等因素决定了人口承载力,这也证明了土地资源人口承载力研究方法的可行性和相对合理性     

武汉城市圈水资源及水环境承载力分析

水资源及水环境承载力是衡量区域可持续发展的一项重要指标,对区域经济的发展规划具有重要的指导意义。以可承载的人口数量和GDP作为承载力的表征指标,分别运用单位GDP综合用水量评判法和河流一维水质模型及湖库均匀混合模型计算武汉城市圈不同水平年的水资源及水环境承载力,并用承载度来评价水资源及水环境的承载状态。结果表明:2012、2020和2030年武汉城市圈水资源承载力都处于合理承载状态,但是其水环境承载力处于轻度超载状态。可见,水环境承载力对武汉城市圈的用水限制更为严格。随着社会经济的发展及污水处理技术的进步,水环境状况虽然会有所好转,但与水资源数量这一因素相比,水环境仍是制约武汉城市圈经济社会发展的关键因素。     

Evaluation of carrying capacity of city clusters in China with the example of the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula

The conflict between city development and urban carrying capacity is getting ever prominent. In order to study and predict the restriction factors and prominent problems in the development of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone as well as promote the transfer of economic development pattern in this region, this study starts from four single factor carrying capacity indicators of water, earth, transportation and environment in the city and its comprehensive carrying capacity indicator, evaluates and analyzes its carrying capacity and then papooses policy suggestions for improving its carrying capacity.     

Evaluation of carrying capacity of city clusters in China with the example of the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula

The conflict between city development and urban carrying capacity is getting ever prominent.In order to study and predict the restriction factors and prominent problems in the development of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone as well as promote the transfer of economic development pattern in this region,this study starts from four single factor carrying capacity indicators of water,earth,transportation and environment in the city and its comprehensive carrying capacity indicator,evaluates and analyzes its carrying capacity and then papooses policy suggestions for improving its carrying capacity.     

基于相对资源承载力的青岛市主体功能区区划

本文根据相对资源承载力研究方法,以全国作为参照区域计算了2005～2008年青岛市主要辖区相对自然资源承载力、相对经济资源承载力和综合承载力.分析结果表明:①对于相对自然资源承载力而言,平度市处于富余状态;莱西市处于临界状态;胶州市、即墨市、胶南市处于超载状态:青岛市市区则处于严重超载状态.相对自然资源承载力序列(由富余到超载):平度市>莱西市>胶州市>胶南市>即墨市>市区.②青岛市各辖区相对经济资源承载力全部处于富余状态,其中市区的相对经济资源承载能力最大.相对经济资源承载力序列(由富余到超载):市区>胶州市>胶南市>即墨市>藁西市>平度市.③青岛市各主要辖区综合承载力全部处于富余状态,且基本保持稳定.综合承载力序列(由大到小):市区>平度市>即墨市>胶州市>胶南市>莱西市.在此基础上.本文对青岛市2005-2008期间主要辖区的主体功能区进行了区划,结果显示青岛市所辖6市区均属于优化开发区,在"十二五"期间.产业调整与优化仍是区域可持续发展的重中之重.     

Research on Psychological Carrying Capacity of Tourism Destination

As a part of the carrying capacity system of tourism destination, tourism psychological carrying capacity and its makeup are very important indexes which reflect the harmonious development of tourism destination develops harmoniously, but the academy has not paid enough attention to them. Based on the concept and connotation of psychological carrying capacity, this paper explains the influencing factors which affect the psychological capacity of the tourist and the resident after the acknowledged concept, and then designs a harmonious development model of tourism destination. Finally, it offers some countermeasures against the overloading psychological capacity.     

矿产资源人口承载力研究

本文建立了矿产资源人口承载力分析的指标体系与计算模型,并对现有资源和预测资源的人口承载力进行了定量计算和分析;确定了２０００年、２０１０年的矿产资源人口承载数量。     

三峡库区土地资源承载力现状与可持续发展对策

三峡库区的土地资源承载力状况直接关系到三峡库区土地与人口、经济社会发展和环境保护之间的平衡关系,对于实现三峡库区经济、社会、生态的可持续发展具有重要意义。首先分析了土地资源承载力概念的发展历程,将其分为3个发展阶段：人口承载力阶段、综合承载力阶段和生态足迹阶段;并根据三峡库区的特点,设计了一个简单易行的承载力计算方法,运用最新的有关数据,对库区的耕地、森林植被以及饲草的承载力状况进行了分析。研究结果表明库区人地关系非常紧张,森林植被分布不均,而饲草供应则非常充足。最后在此基础上提出了要加强库区植被恢复,发展柑橘业、畜牧业和旅游业等传统优势产业以提高库区土地资源承载力的针对性对策。     

东营市海岸带区域综合承载力评估

随着人类对海岸带开发强度的不断提高,海岸带资源、环境问题日益突出,海岸带可持续发展成为人类共识,海岸带区域综合承载力研究作为该区域可持续发展的基础性研究,可以为海岸带区域合理开发与管理提供重要理论支撑。本文选取东营市海岸带为研究区域,以海岸带湿地遥感解译数据、浅海水质监测数据及社会经济统计数据为数据源,运用状态空间法计算了研究区2010—2014年海岸带区域的综合承载力;对东营市与潍坊市、滨州市的海岸带区域综合承载力进行了比较分析;预测了2016—2020年东营市海岸带区域综合承载力;依据研究结果探讨了海岸带可持续利用的未来途径。结果表明:在过去的2010—2014年和预测的2016—2020年东营市海岸带区域综合承载力均处于超载状态,但总趋势是向好的;同时,2010—2014年东营市海岸带在吸引外资、港口发展、海岸带生态系统服务价值、浅海海域水环境方面具有明显优势,但社会公共服务投入不平衡、不稳定。与2016—2020年东营市海岸带区域综合承载力预测结果相比较而言,2011年东营市海岸带区域综合承载力超载最明显,与该年环境压力大和社会投入不足有关。2014年东营市各县区海岸带区域综合承载力均处于超载状态,广饶县超载最明显;同时各县区自然、社会、经济发展水平差异较大,市辖区社会经济指标优于各县区。东营市海岸带区域综合承载力相比潍坊市、滨州市在资源、环境、生态方面具有明显优势,但在社会支撑方面投入不足,因此可以通过保持资源、生态优势,弥补社会投入不足等措施提高东营市海岸带可持续利用水平。