淀粉稳定Fe3O4纳米粒子对水中As(V)的吸附特性研究

以可溶性淀粉作为稳定剂制备纳米Fe_3O_4粒子,探讨了反应时间、p H值、初始砷浓度和腐殖酸对Fe_3O_4纳米粒子吸附水体中As(V)的吸附效果影响.实验结果表明,淀粉稳定的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子对水体中As(V)的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型;吸附容量随着溶液p H的增加逐渐降低,在p H为8.0的弱碱性水体中对As(V)的最大吸附容量可达202.56 mg·g~(-1);此外,腐殖酸(HA)能降低纳米粒子对As(V)的吸附能力.     

Fe3O4耦合厌氧微生物强化低碳源废水还原硒(Ⅳ)的研究

为提升厌氧微生物对含硒(Ⅳ)废水的处理效果,利用ASBR反应器研究Fe₃O₄对厌氧微生物还原除硒(Ⅳ)的影响,分析了出水硒浓度、硒形态与分布、硒还原酶活性和微生物菌群等变化.结果表明,高碳源浓度时,投加Fe₃O₄对厌氧微生物去除硒(Ⅳ)没有影响;低碳源浓度时,Fe₃O₄能显著提高厌氧微生物还原除硒(Ⅳ)的效率和速率,Fe₃O₄使硒(Ⅳ)去除率由对照组的(97.3±0.5)%提升至(98.2±0.5)%,最大反应速率也提高了3.6倍.同时投加Fe₃O₄也降低上清液硒(Ⅳ)、硒(0)占比,增加硒(-Ⅱ)占比,促进厌氧微生物还原硒(0)-硒(-Ⅱ)的进程.通过酶活性和微生物菌群结构等分析发现,Fe₃O₄提高亚硫酸盐还原酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、周质延胡索酸还原酶和亚硝酸盐还原酶的活性,增加了铁还原科细菌Rhodocyclaceae以及与电...     

Fe3O4对含盐废水厌氧处理系统的影响

通过在固定的水力停留时间下(24h)逐步提升盐度,并设置有无Fe₃O₄的平行反应器作对照,考察不同盐度水平下Fe₃O₄对厌氧系统运行效能和厌氧污泥颗粒化进程的影响.结果表明,在0～2%的NaCl盐度水平下,Fe₃O₄的加入均能有效提升厌氧系统的处理效率并保证其稳定进行.Fe₃O₄对产甲烷过程的促进作用在不同盐度水平下有所差异,当盐度分别为0,0.5%,1%,2%时,实验组的甲烷产量分别为对照组的1.08,1.36,1.33和1.17倍,低盐环境下的促进效果更为显著.污泥特性和胞外聚合物的分析结果发现,Fe₃O₄的引入有利于形成结构更为紧密的厌氧颗粒污泥,进而强化厌氧污泥颗粒化进程.微生物群落结构分析结果表明,随着盐度提升,氢型产甲烷菌得以快速富集,同时主要细菌类型和代谢途径均发生了改变.而Fe₃O₄对厌氧系统中微生物菌群结构和...     

UVA/Fe3O4活化过硫酸盐降解阿特拉津

为了解SO₄-·（硫酸根自由基）对阿特拉津的降解能力,以Fe₃O₄为K₂S₂O₈活化试剂,以阿特拉津为研究目标污染物,运用UVA/Fe₃O₄/K₂S₂O₈体系系统探讨阿特拉津在不同环境因素下的降解过程,并对催化剂的稳定性和重复利用进行了考察.结果表明:UVA/Fe₃O₄可以有效活化K₂S₂O₈来降解阿特拉津,最佳c（K₂S₂O₈）为1 mmol/L,反应6 h阿特拉津降解率可达到90%.淬灭试验表明,SO₄-·是该体系中的主要活性物种,贡献率约为96%;HO·的作用比较弱.初始pH为3时,阿特拉津6 h的降解率为98%,总铁的溶出量达到0.9 mg/L;而初始pH为7时,体系对阿特拉津的降解率达到85%,基本没有总铁的溶出,表现出了一定的稳定性.在腐殖酸存在的条件下,UVA/Fe₃O₄/K₂S₂O₈体系对阿特拉津的降解效果优于UVA/Fe₃O₄/H₂O₂体系.对Fe₃O₄催化剂进行3次循环测试,阿特拉津的降解率分别为90%、89%和86%.研究显示,UVA/Fe₃O₄能用于活化K₂S₂O₈的高级氧化体系中,可有效降解除草剂阿特拉津.      

MnO2@Fe3O4/石墨烯复合材料对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附

以氧化石墨烯（GO）为原料制备MnO₂@Fe₃O₄/石墨烯（RGO）,考察吸附过程中MnO₂@Fe₃O₄/RGO投加量、溶液pH值、初始浓度和吸附时间等因素对Pb（Ⅱ）的去除率和吸附量的影响,并运用BET比表面积测试法计算MnO₂@Fe₃O₄/RGO的比表面积和平均孔径,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,振动样品磁强计（VSM）,X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等对样品进行表征.结果表明：MnO₂@Fe₃O₄/RGO的比表面积为89.164m²/g,孔容为0.284cm³/g;随着pH值在2~10范围内增加,复合材料对Pb（Ⅱ）的去除率先增大后减小,pH=6时达到最大值.通过4种等温吸附模型（Langmuir、Freundlich、Temkin、D-R模型）和4种吸附动力学模型（伪一级动力学、伪二级动力学、Elovich、颗粒内扩散模型）拟合发现,MnO₂@Fe₃O₄/RGO对Pb（Ⅱ）吸附符合伪二级动力学模型.吸附等温线更符合Langmiur模型,属于典型的单分子层吸附,以化学吸附为主,最大吸附量为265.3mg/g.     

Au/Fe3O4/GO复合SERS基底的制备及对水溶液中低浓度芘的富集-检测

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为载体,利用静电吸附将氨基修饰的Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒负载到GO表面得到GO-Fe_3O_4复合材料,再通过静电作用将Au纳米颗粒与GO-Fe_3O_4复合材料组装,制备了Au/Fe_3O_4/GO复合材料,并考察其表面增强拉曼(SERS)活性.首先以罗丹明B(Rh B)为探针分子,考察Au纳米颗粒的粒径对SERS性能的影响,发现平均粒径为40 nm的Au纳米颗粒具有最好的SERS效果.SERS检测性能随着Au负载量的提高而逐渐变优,Au/GO中Au负载量为20%时最优.以多环芳烃分子芘为探针分子,探究Au/Fe_3O_4/GO复合材料中各组分对SERS性能的影响发现,Au纳米颗粒对拉曼信号的增强起主要作用,GO可以通过化学增强效应及对芘的吸附富集作用有效提高SERS检出限,Fe_3O_4的存在可以使基底快速分离,简化实验步骤,便于基底重复利用.该方法对水溶液中芘的检出限达到10-8mol·L-1,相对于普通拉曼的检出限有了明显的降低,有望被用于环境中痕量多环芳烃的富集-检测.     

Fe3O4对厌氧处理系统的强化作用研究

投加Fe₃O₄能够在一定程度上强化有机物的厌氧降解过程,而进水有机负荷是影响厌氧系统处理效率的重要因素.本研究通过分阶段提升进水有机负荷,对比考察了Fe₃O₄的加入对UASB厌氧反应器运行效能及污泥性质的影响.结果表明,当有机负荷低于3.2 kg·m^-3·d^-1时,两反应器内有机物厌氧水解效率并无显著性差别.而当有机负荷提升至6.4、12.8、25.6 kg·m^-3·d^-1时,Fe₃O₄对有机物厌氧水解效率表现出一定的促进效果,且有机负荷越高,Fe₃O₄对厌氧水解的促进效果越显著.与此同时,Fe₃O₄对厌氧产甲烷过程也表现出明显的促进作用,在有机负荷分别为1.6、3.2、6.4、12.8、25.6 kg·m^-3·d^-1时,添加Fe₃O₄的反应器中平均甲烷产率分别为对照组的3.55、2.37、1.26、1.16和1.06倍.这一现象表明Fe₃O₄对产甲烷过程的促进效果与有机负荷密切相关,且有机负荷越低,Fe₃O₄对厌氧产甲烷效率的增强作用越明显.此外,本研究还分析了运行过程中污泥粒径和胞外聚合物的变化,发现Fe₃O₄的加入可以有效促进厌氧污泥颗粒化进程.     

Fe3O4稳定化纳米Pd/Fe对水中2,4-D的催化还原脱氯研究

采用四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)稳定化纳米Pd/Fe催化脱氯水溶液中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D),获得了良好的处理效果.实验考察了Fe3O4投加量、pH、钯化率、温度、搅拌速率等因素对2,4-D去除的影响.2,4-D去除率随Fe3O4投加量增加而提高,投加量为4.0 g·L-1时,反应210 min后,2,4-D去除率为93.5%,而未稳定的纳米Pd/Fe,去除率为47.3%.低pH可促进2,4-D还原脱氯,pH为2.6~4.1时,2,4-D在110 min内几乎完全去除.2,4-D去除率随钯化率增加而提高.随着钯化率由0.25%、0.50%增加到0.75%,210 min后,2,4-D的去除率也由51.4%、93.5%提高到99.9%.温度在16.5~30.0℃范围内,反应210 min后,2,4-D去除率均可超过90.0%.温度升高到35.0、40.0℃时,去除率显著下降.2,4-D去除率随着搅拌速率加快而提高.Fe3O4的加入可以使纳米Pd/Fe分散和稳定.此外,Fe0可通过Fe3O4将电子传递给H+和2,4-D,促进2,4-D的还原脱氯.     

磁性GO复合材料对水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除研究

该研究利用简单的化学合成法合成新型Fe_3O_4@SiO_2/PEI修饰的氧化石墨烯磁性复合材料,并用于去除水中的Cu(Ⅱ)离子,通过Box-Behnken响应面法对pH、Cu(Ⅱ)离子的初始浓度和反应温度3个变量进行优化,得到MSPG对Cu(Ⅱ)离子吸附的最优吸附条件为初始p H为5、初始浓度80 mg/L、反应温度为40℃时,最大理论吸附量为61.48 mg/g。而在最佳条件下进行验证实验,实验值为61.55 mg/g,与理论值相近。吸附动力学研究和等温线研究表明吸附过程在6 h达到平衡,分别符合准二阶动力学模型与Freundlich等温模型,粒子内扩散并不是整个过程中唯一的速率控制步骤。热力学研究证明MSPG对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程是吸热的自发过程。     

部分还原氧化石墨烯-Fe3O4对水中Cd (Ⅱ)的吸附性能及机理

当前,治理可溶性重金属污染是环境保护的迫切任务.以氧化石墨烯(GO)和铁盐为前驱体,一步合成了部分还原氧化石墨烯-Fe_3O_4复合材料(rGO-Fe_3O_4),探索其作为Cd(II)高效吸附剂的潜力.同时,采用多种手段表征吸附剂结构和特性,重点研究了吸附剂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附特性和动力学.结果表明,在吸附剂中,纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒均匀地锚在石墨烯片层之间,避免了片层团聚,赋予其优良的吸附性能.在中性溶液中,使用rGO-Fe_3O_4(500 mg·L~(-1))吸附200.09 mg·L~(-1)Cd(II),5 min即可达到吸附平衡,吸附率和吸附量分别为90.88%和363.99 mg·g~(-1).另外,磁分离回收吸附剂仅需10 s,且循环吸附性良好.进一步研究显示,复合材料对Cd(II)的吸附为吸热、自发的化学吸附,过程受化学吸附和液膜扩散控制.     

Fe3O4活化过硫酸盐体系同步去除诺氟沙星和铅

采用Fe₃O₄活化过硫酸盐（PS）同步去除水中的NOR （诺氟沙星）和Pb （II）.探讨了Fe₃O₄投加量、PS浓度、初始pH值和Pb （II）浓度对NOR降解的影响.结果表明,NOR的降解符合伪一级反应动力学,在温度为30℃、NOR初始浓度为5.0mg/L、Pb （II）浓度为1.0mg/L、Fe₃O₄投加量为2.0g/L、PS浓度为1.5mmol/L、初始pH值为7.0的条件下,反应120min后,NOR降解率达90.2%,Pb （II）去除率为99.5%.自由基淬灭实验证实,硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·）是NOR降解的主要自由基.通过LC-MS分析结果推测了NOR可能的降解路径和中间产物.Fe₃O₄活化PS高级氧化工艺可作为一种同步去除有机污染物和重金属的工艺.     

利用Fe3O4纳米颗粒磁分离去除水中小粒径微塑料

建立了微塑料（Microplastics,MPs）荧光定量分析方法,系统研究了Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒对水中聚苯乙烯MPs的磁性去除效果.结果表明,MPs浓度在本实验范围内（0.2~10.0mg/L）与荧光强度线性关系良好,相关系数均>0.9990,能准确测定不同粒径（100~1000nm）MPs的浓度.MPs初始浓度与Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒投加量对MPs去除效果具有影响.增加Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的投加量能够有效提升水中MPs的去除率,当Fe₃O₄投加量为12mg/L时,去除率可达90.8%.在低Fe₃O₄投加量时,MPs去除率随着MPs初始浓度增加而显著增加,显著性水平为0.015;但在中、高Fe₃O₄投加量时,初始浓度对去除效果影响很小,显著性水平分别为0.073和0.060.Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒对MPs的附着过程能够在180min内趋于平衡,整个动力学可通过拟一级或拟二级模型进行拟合.     

Removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution by a Fe3O4 incorporated PAN electrospun nanofiber mat

Pollution of antibiotics, a type of emerging contaminant, has become an issue of concern, due to their overuse in human and veterinary application, persistence in environment and great potential risk to human and animal health even at trace level. In this work, a novel adsorbent, Fe₃O₄ incorporated polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mat (Fe-NFM), was successfully fabricated via electrospinning and solvothermal method, targeting to remove tetracycline (TC), a typical class of antibiotics, from aqueous solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface morphology and crystal structure of the Fe-NFM, and demonstrated that Fe-NFM was composed of continuous, randomly distributed uniform nanofibers with surface coating of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. A series of adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal efficiency of TC by the Fe-NFM. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model fitted better with the experimental data. The highest adsorption capacity was observed at initial solution pH 4 while relative high adsorption performance was obtained from initial solution pH 4 to 10. The adsorption of TC on Fe-NFM was a combination effect of both electrostatic interaction and complexation between TC and Fe-NFM. Freundlich isotherm model could better describe the adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm model was 315.31 mg/g. Compared to conventional nanoparticle adsorbents which have difficulties in downstream separation, the novel nanofiber mat can be simply installed as a modular compartment and easily separated from the aqueous medium, promising its huge potential in drinking and wastewater treatment for micro-pollutant removal.     

Removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution by a Fe3O4 incorporated PAN electrospun nanofiber mat

Pollution of antibiotics, a type of emerging contaminant, has become an issue of concern, due to their overuse in human and veterinary application, persistence in environment and great potential risk to human and animal health even at trace level. In this work, a novel adsorbent, Fe₃O₄ incorporated polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mat (Fe-NFM), was successfully fabricated via electrospinning and solvothermal method, targeting to remove tetracycline (TC), a typical class of antibiotics, from aqueous solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface morphology and crystal structure of the Fe-NFM, and demonstrated that Fe-NFM was composed of continuous, randomly distributed uniform nanofibers with surface coating of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. A series of adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal efficiency of TC by the Fe-NFM. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model fitted better with the experimental data. The highest adsorption capacity was observed at initial solution pH 4 while relative high adsorption performance was obtained from initial solution pH 4 to 10. The adsorption of TC on Fe-NFM was a combination effect of both electrostatic interaction and complexation between TC and Fe-NFM. Freundlich isotherm model could better describe the adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm model was 315.31 mg/g. Compared to conventional nanoparticle adsorbents which have difficulties in downstream separation, the novel nanofiber mat can be simply installed as a modular compartment and easily separated from the aqueous medium, promising its huge potential in drinking and wastewater treatment for micro-pollutant removal.     

GO/(CeO2-TiO2)改性复合膜紫外光催化去除氨氮、DOC

以二氧化铈-二氧化钛（CeO₂-TiO₂）、氧化石墨烯-二氧化铈（GO-CeO₂）、氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛（GO-TiO₂）和氧化石墨烯/二氧化钛-二氧化铈[GO/（CeO₂-TiO₂）]为改性物质,借助真空过滤法对聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微滤膜进行改性制备复合膜,利用X射线粉末衍射仪、紫外可见漫反射、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱等手段探究了复合膜的结构和光吸收能力.选择常州太湖支浜水样作为原水,研究了复合膜在黑暗及紫外光条件下对氨氮及DOC的去除效果.结果表明,黑暗条件下,（GO-CeO₂）复合膜氨氮去除率最高可达到28.21%,GO/（CeO₂-TiO₂）复合膜DOC去除率最高达29.58%;紫外光条件下,GO、CeO₂、TiO₂间的协同作用使得GO/（CeO₂-TiO₂）复合膜氨氮（65.4%）及DOC （54.7%）去除效果最佳.     

Removal of Cs from water and soil by ammonium-pillared montmorillonite/Fe3O4 composite

To remove cesium ions from water and soil, a novel adsorbent was synthesized by following a one-step co-precipitation method and using non-toxic raw materials. By combining ammonium-pillared montmorillonite (MMT) and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄), an MMT/Fe₃O₄ composite was prepared and characterized. The adsorbent exhibited high selectivity of Cs⁺ and could be rapidly separated from the mixed solution under an external magnetic field. Above all, the adsorbent had high removal efficiency in cesium-contaminated samples (water and soil) and also showed good recycling performance, indicating that the MMT/Fe₃O₄ composite could be widely applied to the remediation of cesium-contaminated environments. It was observed that the pH, solid/liquid ratio and initial concentration affected adsorption capacity. In the presence of coexisting ions, the adsorption capacity decreased in the order of Ca^2 + > Mg^2 + > K⁺ > Na⁺, which is consistent with our theoretical prediction. The adsorption behavior of this new adsorbent could be expressed by the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of Cs⁺ was NH₄⁺ ion exchange and surface hydroxyl group coordination, with the former being more predominant.