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1.
Accumulation of metals in deciduous tree foliage fromurban areas in western-south Poland was monitored duringthe vegetation season of 2000 year. Concentrations of Al,Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti and Znwere measured in birch, willow, linden and maple leavesusing the ICP-AES method. Seasonal variations of metalconcentrations and their relations with sampling sitewere investigated. The most dynamic accumulation of Al,Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb was observed for examined species. Thehighest differences in element concentrations forinvestigated sites were found for Ba, Cd, Mn and Ni.Interelement correlations were investigated. In allfoliar samples synergistic relationships between Al–Crand Ca-Sr were found. Statistically significant negativecorrelations were observed only for Cd and Ti in birch leaves. 相似文献
2.
Concentrations of heavy metals in urban soils of Talcahuano (Chile): a preliminary study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tume P Bech J Sepulveda B Tume L Bech J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,140(1-3):91-98
Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the top-(0–10 cm) and sub-surface (10–20 cm) soils of the Talcahuano urban area
were measured. The main soil properties (organic matter, CaCO3, pH, particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The mean Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents
in the urban topsoil samples from Talcahuano (37.8, 22.6, 35.2, 333 mg kg−1, respectively) were compared with mean concentrations for other cities around the world. The results revealed higher concentrations
of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in sub-surface samples. The samples from IS1, IS2, and IS3, located in the Talcahuano
industrial park, had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than did samples from the other sites. This was probably due to local
pollution by industrial (metallurgical) dust, although other diffuse pollution throughout the entire port region (shipyards,
metallurgy, the dismantling of old ships), and contributions from the wind from adjacent industrial, storage, and vessel areas
clearly played a role. Heavy metals were lowest in the sample taken on school grounds (SG). 相似文献
3.
Seasonal variation of the concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured by ICP-AES
in the water and sediment from the Saricay Stream, Geyik Dam and Ortakoy Well in the same basin. Comparisons between trace
metal concentrations in water and sediment in three sources (Stream, Dam and Well) were made. The concentrations of a large
number of trace metals in the water and sediment were generally higher in the Stream than in the Well and Dam, particularly
in summer. Trace metal concentration ranges in sediments of the Saricay Stream and its sources showed very wide ranges (as
mass ratio): Co: 5–476 μg g−1, Cr: 15–1308 μg g−1, Cu: 7–128 μg g−1, Fe: 1120–13210 μg g−1, Mn: 150–2613 μg g−1, Ni: 102–390 μg g−1, Pb: 0.7–31.3 μg g−1 and Zn: 18–304 μg g−1, whereas Cd was not detected. Trace metal concentration ranges found in waters were: Co: 9.5–20.7 μg L−1, Cr: 20.3–284 μg L−1, Cu: 170–840 μg L−1, Fe: 176–1830 μg L−1, Mn: 29.3–387 μg L−1, and Ni: 4.3–21.9 μg L−1. Among the trace metals studied, Cd and Zn in two seasons and Pb in winter were usually not detected or in the recommended
levels. In addition, Cd was not detected in the sediment during the winter season. The analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA)
and correlation matrix was employed for the sediment and water samples of the two field surveys (summer and winter) comparison.
The three sources showed differences in metal contents. The metal levels in sediments displayed marked seasonal and regional
variations, which were attributed to anthropogenic influences and natural processes. In the Saricay Stream, high values of
metals during the dry season showed an anthropological effect from small industry firms, e.g.: an olive mill and a dairy farm
or water dilution during summer seasons. Finally, the pollution in this basin probably originated from small industrial, low
quality coal-burned thermal power plants, and particularly agricultural and domestic waste discharges. 相似文献
4.
The Singrauli region in the southeastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India is one of the most polluted industrial sites of Asia.
It encompasses 11 open cast coalmines and six thermal power stations that generate about 7,500 MW (about 10% of India’s installed
generation capacity) electricity. Thermal power plants represent the main source of pollution in this region, emitting six
million tonnes of fly-ash per annum. Fly-ash is deposited on soils over a large area surrounding thermal power plants. Fly-ashes
have high surface concentrations of several toxic elements (heavy metals) and high atmospheric mobility. Fly ash is produced
through high-temperature combustion of fossil fuel rich in ferromagnetic minerals. These contaminants can be identified using
rock-magnetic methods. Magnetic susceptibility is directly linked to the concentration of ferromagnetic minerals, primarily
high values of magnetite. In this study, magnetic susceptibility of top soil samples collected from surrounding areas of a
bituminous-coal-fired power plant were measured to identify areas of high emission levels and to chart the spatial distribution
of airborne solid particles. Sites close to the power plant have shown higher values of susceptibility that decreases with
increasing distance from the source. A significant correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content in
soils is found. A comparison of the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility with heavy-metal concentrations in soil
samples suggests that magnetic measurements can be used as a rapid and inexpensive method for proxy mapping of air borne pollution
due to industrial activity. 相似文献
5.
Conti ME Iacobucci M Cecchetti G Alimonti A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):27-34
Fifty seven samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) collected along the breakwater barriers of Fano (station 1) and Pesaro (station 2), Adriatic Sea, Marche
Region, central Italy, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry and Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in the soft tissues
were measured. The aims of this work were the statistical analysis of Cd-weight, Cu-weight, Pb-weight, Zn-weight relationships,
and the building of a tendency function that allows assessing with a good approximation the concentrations of a metal in different
weight organisms. In Mytilus galloprovincialis the content of Cd proportionally grew with the weight and therefore its concentration was independent from this factor; while
the concentration of Pb decreased as the weight increased. In both cases the accuracy of multiple regression models improved
considering the variable ‘site’, while the same approach appeared not reliable for Cu and Zn, that were two essential metals.
Our results showed that a tendency function was reliable, solid and able to predict to a very satisfying extent the concentration
of non-physiological metals, like Cd and Pb; while it did not show a good approximation with real Cu and Zn contents. 相似文献
6.
The distribution of trace metals in sediments of the lower reaches of the New Calabar River, Nigeria was evaluated togetherwith the partitioning of their chemical species between fivegeochemical phases. Samplings were made in five zones at the lower reaches of the New Calaber River. All the trace metals were determined by AAS after selective chemical extractions andconcentrations given in g gm-1 (dry weight basis). The average totalconcentrations found for trace metals in the sediment were (mean ± rsd.) Pb: 41.6 ± 0.29, Zn: 31.60 ± 0.42, Cd: 12.80 ± 0.92, Co: 92 ± 0.25, Cu: 25.5 ± 0.65 and Ni: 3.2 ± 0.25. Maxima and minima concentrations are inconsistent with previous studies in other rivers of this region. Spatial distribution revealed that the sources of trace metals into theriver appeared to be of non-point. Five contamination indices were applied in studying the partitioning of the trace metals inthe sediment. These indices provided bases for ascertaining the potential environmental risk of trace metals in the river system.The results denote high partition levels in the more mobile andmore dangerous phases. 相似文献
7.
Statistical source identification of metals in groundwater exposed to industrial contamination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tariq SR Shah MH Shaheen N Jaffar M Khalique A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,138(1-3):159-165
Levels of selected metals Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Mn were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
in groundwater samples from Kasur, a significant industrial city of Pakistan. Salient mean concentration levels were recorded
for: Na (211 mg/l), Ca (187 mg/l), Mg (122 mg/l), K (87.7 mg/l), Fe (2.57 mg/l) and Cr (2.12 mg/l). Overall, the decreasing
metal concentration order was: Na > Ca > Mg > K > Fe > Cr > Zn > Co > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cd. Significantly positive correlations
were found between Na–Cr (r = 0.553), Na–Mn (r = 0.543), Mg–Fe (r = 0.519), Mg–Cr (r = 0.535), Pb–K (r = 0.506) and Pb–Ni (r = 0.611). Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis identified tannery effluents as the main source of metal contamination
of the groundwater. The present metal data showed that Cr, Pb and Fe levels were several times higher than those recommended
for water quality by WHO, US-EPA, EU and Japan. The elevated levels of Cr, recorded as 21–42 fold higher compared with the
recommended quality values, were believed to originate from the tanning industry of Kasur. 相似文献
8.
Naszradi T Badacsonyi A Keresztényi I Podar D Csintalan Z Tuba Z 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):279-285
Moss transplants of Tortula ruralis were used as active biomonitoring organisms as part of a monitoring study to assess the metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) associated with ambient particles on mosses in Budapest, the capital town of Hungary. The moss samples were collected in a nature conservation area from a semi-arid sand grassland (Festucetum vaginatae danubiale), less than 1 month before transplantation. Moss cushions were exposed to pollution in Budapest during October–November 1993 and February–March 1994. In the study area, 16 sites were marked out as measuring sites, in accordance with the structure of the city. A similar stand was established in the Botanical Gardens of the Szent István University in Gödöll? as a control site. ICP-AES analysis of moss for metals showed the ability of Tortula ruralis to accumulate the metals under study. Control site showed lower impact in comparison to the other sites. 相似文献
9.
Panichayapichet P Nitisoravut S Simachaya W 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):181-193
The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of heavy metal in soil and evaluate the dissolution of metal
from soil to ponded-surface water, leaching through soil profiles and metal uptake in grass as related to different land-use
practices. The data provided a scientific basis for best-management practices for land use in Khli Ti watershed. The watershed
has a Pb-contamination problem from the previous operation of a Pb-ore concentrator and abandoned Zn–Pb mine. Sampling sites
were selected from a land-use map, with land-use types falling into the following four categories: forest, agricultural land,
residential area and road. Soil, ponded-surface water, grass samples and soil profiles were collected. The study related soil
characteristics from different land-use practices and locations with observed metal concentrations in ponded-surface water
and soil. High enrichment factors of Pb and As in soil were found. Partitioning coefficient, Kd values were in the order: Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Zn. Soil disturbance from land-use activities including tillage and traffic
increased leaching of trace metal from soils. Pb in soil was significantly taken up by grass even though the Transfer Factor,
TF values were rather low. Agricultural activities in the watershed must be limited. Moreover, land encroachments in the upper
and middle part of the watershed which have high potential of Pb must be strictly controlled in order to reduce the Pb contamination
from non-point sources. 相似文献