高职院校学生公寓危机管理研究与思考

笔者结合自身工作实际,对高职院校学生公寓管理的现状进行了分析,并对学生公寓安全管理存在安全隐患和原因进行了研究.提出了高职院校学生公寓应对危机管理的对策与措施,重点是构建高职院校学生公寓突发事件危机管理模式及其相关流程.参6.     

数字化校园环境下高职院校档案信息化建设研究

从高职院校档案信息化管理的意义、建设现状方面进行了论述与总结,提出了高职院校档案信息化的内涵及建设内容,为建立数字化校园环境下高职院校档案信息化建设提供一个很好的参考,具有较高的参考价值.参5.     

以药学系的文化建设谈高职院校系部特色文化的打造与实践

新兴的高职教育的快速发展,迫切需要加快院系文化的建设.该文叙述了高职院校系部特色文化的概念,对国内现状进行了述评,归纳了系部特色文化的特点、科学内涵、功能和现实意义.并以湖南环境生物职业技术学院药学系为例,阐述了打造高职院校系部特色文化的实践和思考:坚持与专业特点相适应、与办学定位相协调、与社会发展相一致三项原则.采取五项措施:发挥教师导向作用,引领精神文化;把握宣传舆论作用,规范载体文化;重视学生社团作用,建设制度文化;挖掘环境育人作用,提升器物文化;强化工学结合作用,打造技能文化.实施六大工程:实施"形象策划"工程,树立品牌意识;实施"精品励志"工程,陶冶道德情操;实施"文明养成"工程,提升文化涵养;实施"课改教改"工程,创新办学理念;实施"企业对接"工程,融入企业精神;实施"平安创建"工程,建设和谐系部.参4.     

试论高校基建档案的特点与管理

通过对高校基建档案的管理和实践,总结高校基建档案具有专业性、成套性、复杂性和广泛性等特点,并结合在高校基建管理工作中的一些体会,浅析高校基建档案管理要从增强意识,建立制度,设立专人专柜,做好工程建设过程中档案跟踪,以及归档立卷和利用工作抓手,归档立卷和利用等措施,重点提出归档中应特别重视和管理的材料．参4．     

高职院校专职辅导员队伍建设现状及对策分析

高职院校专职辅导员队伍是学生思想政治教育和日常管理工作的主力军,发挥着极其重要的作用．在新形势下,高职院校专职辅导员队伍在选聘配备,使用与管理,教育培训、激励等方面都存在着不足之处．高职院校应坚持选聘标准,优化引进人才;建立科学客观的专职辅导员评估体系;强化各类教育培训,提高专职辅导员专业水平;优化激励制度,创造良好的留人环境;建立合理的专职辅导员流动机制．参4．     

解决农业高职院校负债融资问题的对策

随着农业高等职业教育的发展,大部分的农业高职院校都普遍地采用了负债融资这一形式来维持运转和发展.然而,如果到期没有足够现金流偿债,会使高校陷入财政危机而影响正常教学秩序,形成负债融资风险.本文从改善农业高职院校的负债融资环境,拓展农业高职院校的负债融资渠道,加强农业高职院校的负债融资管理三方面对农业高职院校的负债融资问题进行研究,提出了解决的对策.     

高职院校创业教育课程模块研究

加强创业教育已经成为现代教育发展和改革的新趋势,建立适合高职院校的创业能力教育服务体系具有极为重要的现实意义.从四个方面研究了高职院校创业能力教育课程模块.一是理念模块:解决创业的观念问题;二是专业模块:构建高职特色的课程体系;三是技能模块:强化创业需要的知识和技能;四是能力模块:综合提升创业能力.为构建一套既适合社会经济发展和科技创新,符合国情,又适合高职院校的创业教育教学模块,为高职生将来的创业提供建设性指导.参7.     

湖南省高职院校图书馆现状调查及思考

对湖南省高职院校图书馆的管理现状、藏书发展现状、现代化建设、读者服务等四个进行了调查,并从五个方面思考了如何加强、加快高职院校图书的建设与发展.表5,参3.     

高职院校大学生就业实施供应链管理研究

高职院校要通过拓宽就业市场提高自身核心竞争力，在就业工作引入供应链管理是行之有效的办法之一，高职院校应建立以生源-学校-人才就业服务机构一就业源为主链的学校供应链体系，并辅以专业技能差异化培养，提高学校教育柔性，建立统一的决策系统和一体化的信息网络系统，更好地满足人才市场的需求和获得充足的就业岗位供应．图1，参7．     

浅谈高职院校如何创办发展高科技产业

创办高职院校高科技产业是高职院校可持续发展的创新之路.培育新的经济增长点,极大地促进知识创新和人才培养,促进技术创新、科技成果向生产力转化是高职院校重要的社会功能.高职院校只有抓住机会,廻避风险,才能创建好高科技产业.     

Public attitudes and perceptions to the West-to-East Pipeline Project and ecosystem management in large project construction

Ecosystem management addresses transboundary, interdisciplinary and multiparty issues from an ecosystem perspective. In this regard, public participation of ecosystem management is particularly important for achieving a successful outcome. However, public attitudes and perceptions on ecosystem management in project construction are often ignored in the developing countries. Large project construction in China is booming, for example, oil/gasoline pipelines, water diversion projects, highway networks and high-speed railway networks. These projects may have important impacts on China's economy, as well as ecosystems. The perception of local people on these projects is crucial for their safe fulfilment. In this paper, the West-to-East Pipeline Project (WEPP), a large project in China built in 2004 to transport gas from the north-west to the south-east, was used as a case study to examine public participation and perceptions on ecosystem management. Field interviews were conducted in the summer of 2005 for data collection, and logistic regression models were used for data analysis. Modelling results show that public attitudes to WEPP construction are closely related to education, occupation and place of residence. Generally, interviewees with higher education and more involvement in WEPP have a positive attitude. However, local people have a poor understanding of ecological restoration and ecosystem management. For safe implementation of WEPP, some adjunct projects are required to improve the local economy and ecosystem functions, and different economic compensation schemes should be designed for stakeholders by region. Additionally, development strategies, such as offering part-time jobs, education and training to local farmers, are necessary to change attitudes and improve awareness on ecosystem management. It is also important to strengthen public participation in the early stages of project construction.     

Optimal Allocation of Resources among Threatened Species: a Project Prioritization Protocol

Abstract: Conservation funds are grossly inadequate to address the plight of threatened species. Government and conservation organizations faced with the task of conserving threatened species desperately need simple strategies for allocating limited resources. The academic literature dedicated to systematic priority setting usually recommends ranking species on several criteria, including level of endangerment and metrics of species value such as evolutionary distinctiveness, ecological importance, and social significance. These approaches ignore 2 crucial factors: the cost of management and the likelihood that the management will succeed. These oversights will result in misallocation of scarce conservation resources and possibly unnecessary losses. We devised a project prioritization protocol (PPP) to optimize resource allocation among New Zealand's threatened‐species projects, where costs, benefits (including species values), and the likelihood of management success were considered simultaneously. We compared the number of species managed and the expected benefits gained with 5 prioritization criteria: PPP with weightings based on species value; PPP with species weighted equally; management costs; species value; and threat status. We found that the rational use of cost and success information substantially increased the number of species managed, and prioritizing management projects according to species value or threat status in isolation was inefficient and resulted in fewer species managed. In addition, we found a clear trade‐off between funding management of a greater number of the most cost‐efficient and least risky projects and funding fewer projects to manage the species of higher value. Specifically, 11 of 32 species projects could be funded if projects were weighted by species value compared with 16 projects if projects were not weighted. This highlights the value of a transparent decision‐making process, which enables a careful consideration of trade‐offs. The use of PPP can substantially improve conservation outcomes for threatened species by increasing efficiency and ensuring transparency of management decisions.     

Economic analysis of nature preservation investments: the zonal travel cost approach applied for Harghita County of Romania

The paper is focused on the cost of travel method and specific issues involved by the use of this method for monetization of benefits provided by nature preservation investment projects. Usually, nature preservation investment projects are non revenue generator projects and consequently the monetization of benefits provided is essential in the process of analysis and valuation of these projects, because benefits are the only positive effects able to counterbalance the investment costs. Therefore, the main interest and particularity of the cost-benefit analysis of nature preservation investment projects consists in identification and monetization of the benefits. In the following paper, the method of zonal travel cost is used for indicative valuation of the direct benefits of an investment project for nature preservation, in Harghita County of Romania, as an opportunity and pre-feasibility study completed before making the initial investment decision.     

农业高等职业教育成本补偿问题研究

提升农业职业教育水平和提高农业职业院校办学效益,要本着收益原则与承受能力原则相结合、公平原则与效率原则相结合、确实原则与透明度原则相结合.在对农业高等职业教育成本补偿的现状进行了较为充分的分析研究后,建议通过合理确定学费补偿标准、增加国家财政负担份额、利用贷款制、发展教育储蓄、实行订单式培养、积极拓展经费来源等途径来完善农业高等职业教育成本补偿.     

加拿大最佳管理措施流域评价项目评述

可持续农业的目的是在保持良好环境质量的同时获得较高的农业生产率。最佳管理措施(BMPs)在世界范围内已得到广泛应用,以减少农业污染物对水环境的影响。自2004年以来,加拿大农业部实施了最佳管理措施流域评价(WEBs)项目,在全国各地选择了有代表性的9个小流域,对BMPs的环境和经济效益进行评价。笔者对过去几年来WEBs项目的进展、研究方法及主要成果进行简要的回顾,并对在中国开展类似项目的必要性和启示进行了探讨。     

Avoiding Re‐Inventing the Wheel in a People‐Centered Approach to REDD+

One important debate regarding Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) in developing countries concerns the manner in which its implementation might affect local and indigenous communities. New ways to implement this mechanism without harming the interests of local communities are emerging. To inform this debate, we conducted a qualitative research synthesis to identify best practices (BPs) from people‐centered approaches to conservation and rural development, developed indicators of BPs, and invited development practitioners and researchers in the field to assess how the identified BPs are being adopted by community‐level REDD+ projects in Latin America. BPs included: local participation in all phases of the project; project supported by a decentralized forest governance framework; project objectives matching community livelihood priorities; project addressing community development needs and expectations; project enhancing stakeholder collaboration and consensus building; project applying an adaptive management approach; and project developing national and local capacities. Most of the BPs were part of the evaluated projects. However, limitations of some of the projects related to decentralized forest governance, matching project objectives with community livelihood priorities, and addressing community development needs. Adaptive management and free and prior informed consent have been largely overlooked. These limitations could be addressed by integrating conservation outcomes and alternative livelihoods into longer‐term community development goals, testing nested forest governance approaches in which national policies support local institutions for forest management, gaining a better understanding of the factors that will make REDD+ more acceptable to local communities, and applying an adaptive management approach that allows for social learning and capacity building of relevant stakeholders. Our study provides a framework of BPs and indicators that could be used by stakeholders to improve REDD+ project design, monitoring, and evaluation, which may help reconcile national initiatives and local interests without reinventing the wheel. Evitar la Reinvención de la Rueda en un Acercamiento a REDD+ Centrado en Personas     

An assessment of adherence to basic ecological principles by payments for ecosystem service projects

Programs and projects employing payments for ecosystem service (PES) interventions achieve their objectives by linking buyers and sellers of ecosystem services. Although PES projects are popular conservation and development interventions, little is known about their adherence to basic ecological principles. We conducted a quantitative assessment of the degree to which a global set of PES projects adhered to four ecological principles that are basic scientific considerations for any project focused on ecosystem management: collection of baseline data, identification of threats to an ecosystem service, monitoring, and attention to ecosystem dynamics or the formation of an adaptive management plan. We evaluated 118 PES projects in three markets—biodiversity, carbon, and water—compiled using websites of major conservation organizations; ecology, economic, and climate‐change databases; and three scholarly databases (ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). To assess adherence to ecological principles, we constructed two scientific indices (one additive [ASI] and one multiplicative [MSI]) based on our four ecological criteria and analyzed index scores by relevant project characteristics (e.g., sector, buyer, seller). Carbon‐sector projects had higher ASI values (P < 0.05) than water‐sector projects and marginally higher ASI scores (P < 0.1) than biodiversity‐sector projects, demonstrating their greater adherence to ecological principles. Projects financed by public–private partnerships had significantly higher ASI values than projects financed by governments (P < 0.05) and marginally higher ASI values than those funded by private entities (P < 0.1). We did not detect differences in adherence to ecological principles based on the inclusion of cobenefits, the spatial extent of a project, or the size of a project's budget. These findings suggest, at this critical phase in the rapid growth of PES projects, that fundamental ecological principles should be considered more carefully in PES project design and implementation in an effort to ensure PES project viability and sustainability.     

Environmental cost of using poor decision metrics to prioritize environmental projects

Conservation decision makers commonly use project‐scoring metrics that are inconsistent with theory on optimal ranking of projects. As a result, there may often be a loss of environmental benefits. We estimated the magnitudes of these losses for various metrics that deviate from theory in ways that are common in practice. These metrics included cases where relevant variables were omitted from the benefits metric, project costs were omitted, and benefits were calculated using a faulty functional form. We estimated distributions of parameters from 129 environmental projects from Australia, New Zealand, and Italy for which detailed analyses had been completed previously. The cost of using poor prioritization metrics (in terms of lost environmental values) was often high—up to 80% in the scenarios we examined. The cost in percentage terms was greater when the budget was smaller. The most costly errors were omitting information about environmental values (up to 31% loss of environmental values), omitting project costs (up to 35% loss), omitting the effectiveness of management actions (up to 9% loss), and using a weighted‐additive decision metric for variables that should be multiplied (up to 23% loss). The latter 3 are errors that occur commonly in real‐world decision metrics, in combination often reducing potential benefits from conservation investments by 30–50%. Uncertainty about parameter values also reduced the benefits from investments in conservation projects but often not by as much as faulty prioritization metrics.     

How economics can further the success of ecological restoration

Restoration scientists and practitioners have recently begun to include economic and social aspects in the design and investment decisions for restoration projects. With few exceptions, ecological restoration studies that include economics focus solely on evaluating costs of restoration projects. However, economic principles, tools, and instruments can be applied to a range of other factors that affect project success. We considered the relevance of applying economics to address 4 key challenges of ecological restoration: assessing social and economic benefits, estimating overall costs, project prioritization and selection, and long‐term financing of restoration programs. We found it is uncommon to consider all types of benefits (such as nonmarket values) and costs (such as transaction costs) in restoration programs. Total benefit of a restoration project can be estimated using market prices and various nonmarket valuation techniques. Total cost of a project can be estimated using methods based on property or land‐sale prices, such as hedonic pricing method and organizational surveys. Securing continuous (or long‐term) funding is also vital to accomplishing restoration goals and can be achieved by establishing synergy with existing programs, public–private partnerships, and financing through taxation.