共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
丹江口水库典型库湾及支流沉积物重金属污染分析及生态风险评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对丹江口水库上游汉江支流及库湾沉积物中6种重金属元素的污染特征进行分析,采用效应阈值标准(NYSDEC)和Lars Hkanson潜在生态风险指数评价重金属的污染程度和环境风险。研究表明,库湾沉积物与支流沉积物中Ni、Pb含量较为接近;库湾沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn含量分别高达186、2712、9991、4783 mg/kg,均超过支流沉积物中相应重金属含量2倍以上。各采样点表层(0~10 cm)沉积物中Pb含量均低于LEL值(最低效应阈值),Cd、Ni含量均介于LEL值和SEL值(最高效应阈值)之间,而Cr、Cu、Zn含量均有超过SEL值的现象发生。考察沉积物重金属的富集程度发现各采样点表层沉积物中Ni和Pb均未发生富集,而Cd、Cr、Cu和Zn均存在不同程度的富集,其平均富集系数分别为712、180、163和284。根据重金属含量的相关性可知Ni和Pb主要来自于天然地球化学来源,而Cd、Cr、Cu和Zn则主要受人为源影响。以丹江口库区土壤(黄棕壤)中重金属背景值为参比,发现表层沉积物总体处于高生态风险,且以Cd生态风险为主;参与评价的5种重金属潜在生态风险程度顺序为Cd>Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb 相似文献
2.
重金属污染是水体沉积物污染的主要问题之一,研究沉积物中重金属元素的赋存形态,探索水体中重金属的来源,可以为水体重金属污染治理修复提供理论基础。采用BCR三步连续提取法对鄱阳湖枯水期表层沉积物中As和7种重金属元素(Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn)的赋存形态进行了研究,并基于重金属风险评价代码(Risk Assessment Code, RAC)方法评估了鄱阳湖表层沉积物中的As和7种重金属元素的潜在生态风险。结果表明,鄱阳湖表层沉积物中As、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn主要以残渣态的形式存在(6160%~8518%);Pb主要以残渣态(5097%)和铁锰氧化物结合态(4102%)为主要的赋存形态,其可提取态所占比例为4903%,具有较高的二次释放潜力;Cd的赋存形态主要以弱酸提取态(4160%)和铁锰氧化态(2719%)为主,其可提取态所占比例高达7749%,潜在生态风险较大。RAC分析结果表明,鄱阳湖表层沉积物Cd的生态风险整体上位于高风险,需要加强对鄱阳湖Cd污染的关注。所有站点Cr的弱酸提取态所占比例均低于1%,表明鄱阳湖Cr污染的生态风险为无风险,As、Ni和Pb属于低风险,而Cu、Co和Zn位于低风险至中等风险 相似文献
3.
上海郊区小城镇街道灰尘理化性质及重金属时空分布特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了解上海郊区不同类型小城镇街道灰尘的基本理化性质和重金属的时空分布特征,分别于2003年7月(夏季)和2004年4月(春季)在枫泾镇、松江新城和朱家角镇采集街道灰尘样品共计90个,分析了样品的pH、粒度、有机质和重金属的含量。结果表明:3个小城镇街道灰尘的理化性质和重金属时空分布特征具有较好的一致性,pH值为841~1137,呈碱性;有机质的平均含量为3413 g/kg;粒度主要呈单峰和双峰分布特征,粒径平均值为1736 μm,以砂粒为主。各重金属的平均含量均高于上海市土壤环境背景值。Cr和Ni含量夏季高于春季,但区域分异不显著。城镇中心区域和镇级公路Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量明显大于乡村。Cr Ni,Cu Pb Zn,Fe Mn之间具有极显著的相关性,有机质是街道灰尘重金属的重要载体 相似文献
4.
通过对昆山市14个区镇91个土壤样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Hg、Zn 8种重金属测定分析,对该市耕地土壤重金属污染进行评价并进行重金属污染的影响因素分析。结果表明,昆山市耕地土壤存在不同程度的轻微污染,重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Hg、Zn均超过国家土壤背景值,旱地、水田中均以Hg污染范围较广、变异系数较大。综合污染指数表现为水田(115)>旱地(100)。区镇耕地重金属污染评价表明千灯、陆扬、石浦、锦溪、石牌处于警戒值之内,蓬朗、周庄、张浦、正仪、周市、巴城、淀山湖、花桥、陆家轻度污染;昆山市耕地土壤中重金属元素均未超过土壤环境基本容量,能够保证作物品质和农业持续发展。同时,研究表明区域重金属轻微污染具有复合污染的特性,Cd、Pb相关性最高(〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=0621 0), Pb与Hg、Cu、Zn、Cu与Cr也有相关性(0438 7、0426 0、0350 9、0394 0),区域重金属的轻微污染受人为因素影响显著,研究指出应加强对区域优先控制污染物Hg、次优先控制污染物Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Cr的控制与治理。 相似文献
5.
近年来随着长江流域经济的快速发展,长江下游南岸南漪湖的水质恶化受到当地政府高度重视。为了解南漪湖水体重金属的污染状况,研究采集全湖区表层沉积物中样品39个和主要出入湖支流表层水样6个,分析了南漪湖水体中重金属As、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn含量和赋存形态以及沉积物中TOC、TN含量,评价了沉积物中重金属的污染程度及生态风险,并利用主成分分析和相关性分析对南漪湖污染来源进行解析。结果表明:间隙水中Pb平均浓度值超过美国优先污染物国家推荐水质基准的连续浓度(CCC);沉积物中As、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均含量高于背景值倍数为Pb(3.36)>Mn(2.74)>Zn(2.51)>As(1.8)>Cu(1.4)>Ni(1.34)>Cr(1.13)。沉积物中重金属As、Cr、Ni和Pb以残渣态为主,Zn在东湖区非残渣态占比54%,Mn在东湖区铁锰氧化物结合态占比达37.4%,Cu在西湖区有机物及硫化物结合态占比为26.7%。重金属潜在生态风险评价法表明Pb在13位点潜在生态风险等级为中等;重金属分配系数(lgKd)平均值及排序为Cr(4... 相似文献
6.
分析了南昌市夏季和冬季街道104个灰尘样品中的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb含量,并利用地积累指数(Igeo)计算其污染程度,并参考美国国家环保局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险模型评价灰尘重金属暴露的人体致癌和非致癌风险,通过主成分和相关分析识别南昌市灰尘重金属的可能来源。结果表明:南昌市街道灰尘中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量均显著高于江西省土壤背景值,而V、Co和As含量与江西省土壤背景值含量相近。重金属V、Co和As含量无显著季节差异,但冬夏季节含量的空间异质性较高,而Cu在季节和空间分布上均表现出显著的季节差异,其它重金属的高值区均分布在南昌市中心及老工业园附近;Igeo结果表明Cd、Cu、Zn和Cr的污染程度相对较高,而V、As和Co污染程度较轻;重金属3种暴露途径的风险排序为手-口暴露>皮肤接触暴露>呼吸暴露,其中儿童会遭受更大的非致癌风险。除了灰尘As和Cr对儿童的暴露在局部区域HQ和HI值大于1,其它重金属对不同人群的HQ和HI值均小于1。总体而言,南昌市灰尘重金属的致癌风险CR均在安全阈值范围内,大小排序为Cr > As > Co > Ni > Cd。南昌市灰尘重金属的来源广泛,其中As、Co和V主要来源于岩石风化,其它重金属元素主要来源于交通和工业等人类活动。
关键词: 街道灰尘;重金属;时空分布;健康风险;南昌市 相似文献
7.
经济发达县域耕地土壤重金属污染评价及其影响因素分析——以江苏省昆山市为例 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对昆山市14个区镇91个土壤样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Hg、Zn 8种重金属测定分析,对该市耕地土壤重金属污染进行评价并进行重金属污染的影响因素分析.结果表明,昆山市耕地土壤存在不同程度的轻微污染,重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Hg、Zn均超过国家土壤背景值,旱地、水田中均以Hg污染范围较广、变异系数较大.综合污染指数表现为水田(1.15)>旱地(1.00).区镇耕地重金属污染评价表明千灯、陆扬、石浦、锦溪、石牌处于警戒值之内,蓬朗、周庄、张浦、正仪、周市、巴城、淀山湖、花桥、陆家轻度污染;昆山市耕地土壤中重金属元素均未超过土壤环境基本容量,能够保证作物品质和农业持续发展.同时,研究表明区域重金属轻微污染具有复合污染的特性,Cd、Pb相关性最高(P=0.621 0), Pb与Hg、Cu、Zn、Cu与Cr也有相关性(0.438 7、0.426 0、0.350 9、0.394 0),区域重金属的轻微污染受人为因素影响显著,研究指出应加强对区域优先控制污染物Hg、次优先控制污染物Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Cr的控制与治理. 相似文献
8.
丰水期鄱阳湖氮磷含量变化及来源分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过系统测定丰水期鄱阳湖湖水、主要支流水、长江水及部分农田水、地下水及城市污水的氮磷含量,对其氮磷含量变化及来源进行了分析,结果表明,鄱阳湖水体中主要的氮素形式是硝酸盐氮(090 mg/L),赣江是其主要贡献者。鄱阳湖五大支流氮磷含量存在着较大的差异,赣江NO-3 N含量明显高于鄱阳湖其它主干流,而NH+4 N和TN含量以饶河的最高,TP以信江的最高。农田水、城市废水以及地下水含有较高的氮磷含量,是鄱阳湖及其五大支流氮磷的主要来源。农田水TN和TP含量最高,分别为1347、2863 mg/L。高含量的NO-3 N(735 mg/L)和NH+4 N(548 mg/L)分别出现在地下水和城市污水中。鄱阳湖水体氮负荷较大,N/P比值远大于7〖DK〗∶1。受滞留区及赣江和修水补给的影响,鄱阳湖主河道氮含量变化从上游至下游呈总体上升趋势。鄱阳湖湖体氮含量以下游最高,滞留区次之,上游主河道最低,TP含量呈相反的趋势变化。底层沉积有机物的降解和扰动导致鄱阳湖水体底层NO-3 N、NH+4 N、TN、TP的含量高于表层。 相似文献
9.
上海市崇明岛公路两侧土壤重金属污染研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采集了上海市崇明岛陈海、北沿公路两侧土壤和灰尘样品270余个,测定了样品的Pb、Cd、Cu、 Zn和Cr重金属含量。结果表明,陈海和北沿公路两侧土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、 Zn和Cr的平均含量达到277、0279、258、918和776 mg/kg,土壤Cd污染较严重。采集的路面灰尘样品Pb、Cd、Cu、 Zn和Cr的平均含量达到512、049、489、209和970 mg/kg,超过土壤背景值2~4倍,是土壤重金属的主要二次污染源。公路防护林体系较差的北沿公路路侧土壤纵向剖面(垂直于公路走向)重金属含量随距路肩距离增加呈指数下降,土壤重金属重污染区在距路肩15 m范围内。防护林体系较完善的陈海公路距路肩15 m范围内土壤重金属污染较小,土壤重金属重污染区出现在距路肩20~50 m范围内。 相似文献
10.
采用年轮化学分析方法,测定了青藏高原东缘贡嘎山东坡峨眉冷杉(Abiesfabri)年轮中8种重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sr和As)含量,分析了过去150年间重金属元素含量的变化特征,并探讨了重金属元素的可能来源.结果表明:Mn、Cu、Zn作为植物生长发育的必需元素,其含量显著大于其余5种重金属,8种重金属元素中,除Mn、Cu含量变化趋势较为单一之外,其余6种重金属含量均表现出复杂的变化趋势;相关分析和聚类分析显示,树轮中Cr、Sr、Pb、As为一类,主要受到人为源和自然源的综合影响;Mn、Zn、Cd为一类,主要受到人为污染源的影响;Cu元素单独归类,很大程度上来自于地壳源.青藏高原东缘地区树轮中重金属含量相对较低,但是随着工业生产活动增加,该地区重金属污染状况已有所增加,通过对该地区树轮中重金属含量的分析,有利于重建该地区重金属污染历史. 相似文献
11.
The distribution of heavy metals viz., Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the water, sediments, plants and fish samples collected from the Kali Nadi (India) have been determined. The studies have shown that there was considerable variation in the concentration of heavy metals from one sampling station to the other which may be due to the variation in the quality of industrial and sewage wastes being added to the river at different places. The orders of the concentration of heavy metals in water, sediments, plants (Eicchornia crassipes) and fish (Heteropnuestes fossilis) were Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd; Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Cr > Co > Cu > Pb > Cd; Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr > Cd and Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Pb > Co > Cr > Cu > Cd, respectively. 相似文献
12.
A flood event was investigated in a measurement section of the estuary of the Dese River, the major tributary of the Venice Lagoon (mean annual discharge=7.5 m3/s), to observe the variations induced by the flow on the physico-chemistry of the water column and the transport of particles and pollutants. The flood was generated by a typical summer storm, which had a return period of 2 years. The study was based on the continuous recording of the discharge and the measurement of both current speed and physico-chemical variables along the vertical profile. Water samples were also collected for the analysis of total and dissolved heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn), and nutrients (TKN, N-NO3-, N-NO2-, N-NH3, total phosphorous, P-PO43-). The suspended particle matter (SPM) concentration increased in the water column during the flood, and the discharge versus SPM relationship showed a counterclockwise hysteresis. The occurrence of hysteresis was related to the delayed response of the load, deriving from the runoff on the basin soils with respect to materials mobilized from the streambed in the initial phases of the flood. The transport of most of the analysed heavy metals was driven by the SPM. The increase in concentration of this parameter significantly affected the amount of Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, and partially Zn transported by the stream. Among nutrients, N-NO3- concentration also increased significantly during the flood, due to the runoff on agricultural surfaces. The study allowed describing the mechanisms of load generation with high flow magnitudes, highlighting the importance of floods in the transport of materials and pollutants from the drainage basin to the Venice Lagoon. 相似文献
13.
Belin B Yaçin T Suner F Bozkurtoğlu E Gelir A Güven H 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2002,63(3):239-249
The movements of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) caused two devastating earthquakes within an 87-day interval, epicentered on G?lcük-Izmit (17 August, 1999) and Düzce-Bolu (12 November, 1999). The Kuzuluk geothermal area (KGA) is located in the middle of the epicenters and the distance between the geothermal area and the fault zone is less than 5 km. Hot water samples were collected from two thermal boreholes that supply hot water to the Kuzuluk thermal complex. The water samples taken prior to and after earthquakes were analysed by Neutron Activation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Particularly, increase in total a and total beta activities, in the content of Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu and decrease in the content of Fe, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Co are significant. The highest values are 75, 35, 12 and 65 ppb for Pb, Cr, Ni and Cu, respectively. The lowest values are 45, 55, 15, 135 and 6 ppb for Fe, Zn, Cd, Mn and Co, respectively. 相似文献
14.
Heavy metals in organisms and sediments from Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1997-1998 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
During the period 1997-1998, macroalgae, sea snail, mussel, fish and sediment samples were collected at different stations of the Turkish Black Sea coast in order to establish the concentration of selected heavy metals. Heavy metals analyzed were Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb and Cu. The results showed that the Turkish Black Sea coast is facing heavy metal pollution. The metal concentrations in macroalgae, sea snail, mussel and sediment samples are very high. However, Cd, Pb and Cu concentrations in anchovy fish decreased, while Co, Fe, Zn, Cr, Mn and Ni contents had changed when compared previous data. The metal levels in macroalgae did not follow the same pattern as concentrations in sediments at the same station. On the other hand, concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in sea snail, mussel and fish samples were related to sediment data in the examined stations. 相似文献
15.
江苏省浅水湖泊表层沉积物中重金属污染特征及其风险评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为揭示江苏省浅水湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染特征,采集江苏省8个浅水湖泊的表层沉积物,测定了8种重金属的含量,并利用地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物重金属的污染现状以及潜在生态风险程度进行评价。结果表明:江苏省8个浅水湖泊表层沉积物中Mn、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为634~1 031、66~138、76.0~97.5、39.2~56.3、25.2~50.1、9.9~27.1、0.15~2.98、24.6~51.6mg/kg。地积累指数法评价结果表明,Cd是江苏省8个浅水湖泊表层沉积物中最主要的污染物,Zn、Cu、As、Pb、Ni在一些湖泊为轻度污染,Mn和Cr处于无污染水平。Hkanson潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,各湖泊综合潜在生态风险程度的高低顺序为:长荡湖石臼湖白马湖滆湖高邮湖洪泽湖澄湖骆马湖,长荡湖达到严重生态风险水平,石臼湖存在重生态风险,白马湖与滆湖处在中等生态风险水平,而骆马湖、洪泽湖、高邮湖以及澄湖重金属污染则处于低生态风险水平。 相似文献
16.
Environmental concerns regarding the potential contamination of soil, surface and ground water due to the presence of soluble metal species in the ash pond leachate is of great importance. Serial batch leaching was carried out simulating the rainwater condition of the study area to understand the behaviour of elements during leaching. The leachates were analysed for the elements Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Si, As, Ba, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ti, V, Pb, Zn, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Cd by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). It was found that Cd, Co, Cr and Ni did not leach from the ash while Cu and Pb concentrations were insignificant in the leachate regardless of liquid to solid (L/S) ratio. Most of the elements showed maximum concentrations at lower L/S ratio and then decreased with increasing L/S. The total cumulative concentrations of As, Mn and Mo were found to be higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended values for drinking water while the concentrations of Fe, Mn and As exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations prescribed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The pre and the post leached ash samples were analysed for morphology, specific surface area and mineralogical changes. Analysis of post-leached fly ash indicated changes in the specific surface area and morphology but no change in mineralogy. 相似文献
17.
Children are exposed to toxic metals and metalloids via their diet and environment. Our objective was to assess the aggregate chronic exposure of children aged 3–6 years, living in France, to As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sr, and V present in diet, tap water, air, soil and floor dust in the years 2007–2009. Dietary data came from the French Total Diet Study, while concentrations in residential tap water, soil and indoor floor dust came from the ‘Plomb-Habitat’ nationwide representative survey on children's lead exposure at home. Indoor air concentrations were assumed to be equal to outdoor air concentrations, which were retrieved from regulatory measurements networks. Human exposure factors were retrieved from literature. Data were combined with Monte Carlo simulations. Median exposures were 1.7, 0.3, 10.2, 34.1, 60.3, 0.7, 0.1, 44.3, 1.5 and 95th percentiles were 4.4, 0.5, 15.8, 61.3, 98.3, 2.5, 0.1, 111.1, 2.9 μg/kg bw/d for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sr, and V respectively. Dietary exposures dominate aggregate exposures, with the notable exception of Pb - for which soils and indoor floor dust ingestion contribute most at the 95th percentile. The strengths of this study are that it aggregates exposures that are often estimated separately, and uses a large amount of representative data. This assessment is limited to main diet and residential exposure, and does not take into account the relative bioavailability of compounds. These results could be used to help target prevention strategies. 相似文献
18.
梁子湖水体和底泥中微量元素及重金属的空间分布格局及污染评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用多元统计方法研究了湖北梁子湖水体及底泥中12种微量元素和重金属(As,Ba,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sb,Sr和Zn)的含量及空间格局,并通过饮用水及地表水质量标准及地质累积指数评价梁子湖水质及底泥状况。结果表明:梁子湖的水体质量较好,仅Cu是潜在污染物质;对湖泊底质而言,As是主要污染物质,Cu、Pb和Zn处在轻微的污染状态。空间格局显示:受人类活动的影响,湖泊水体中的重金属分布有较强的区域性,最大值出现在人类活动相对集中的梁子岛附近;在湖泊底泥中由于地质背景一致性而差别不大。相关分析表明,较之湖泊水体,湖泊底泥中的重金属元素的关系更密切,强相关性说明它们可能有共同的来源。未来研究应结合湖泊中大型水生植物及鱼类的重金属含量更全面考虑生态学效应,为恢复湖泊生态环境的管理提供重要参考。 相似文献
19.
A survey of trace element residues in fish from the Savannah River near Savannah River Nuclear Plant was undertaken in 1982. Fish muscle tissue was incubated by the wet digestion method. Fifteen trace elements were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysi of the digests. It was found that As, Se, Mg, Hg, Ca, Zn, and Fe levels were relatively higher than Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, and Mn in all fish species. In addition, in all fish species it seems that Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, and Mn levels were relatively higher than Cs and Cu. Cs and Cu levels were negligible in all fish species analyzed. Trace element levels found in these fish species were not high enough to render them dangerous for human consumption. 相似文献