开展建设项目施工期的环境管理与环境监测

分析了建设项目施工期的环境影响，阐述了开展施工期环境管理与环境监测的必要性，介绍了施工期环境管理的实施手段，施工单位的环境管理制度，施工期环境监测的主要内容及对环境监测部门的要求，建议将施工期的环境管理与环境监测纳入正常的环保管理渠道之中，实现建设项目的全过程环境管理。     

谈工业企业的环境管理

对如何搞好工业企业的环境管理进行了探讨，阐述了工业企业的环境管理是一门综合性的科学；工业企业环境管理的主要内容及实施策略；正确处理企业环境管理部门与地方政府环２呆机构的关系，企业内部环境管理与监测部门的关系，企业环境保护与工作与企业生产的关系。     

对陆上石油开发行业实施国家《污水综合排放标准》的几点思考

对１９９８年１月１日实施ＧＢ８９７８－１９９６《污水综合排放标准》以来江苏油田在环境管理以及规划、污染防治、环境科研等方面的工作进展情况进行了叙述，并对陆上石油开发这一特殊行业在实施上述标准过程中存在的不适宜方面进行了分析，提出了一些实质性的一些实质性的问题，以供陆上石油开发行业、石油化工行业及其他一些企业在实施污斐入标准过程中参考。     

企业实施ISO14000系列标准的探讨

简要介绍了ISO14000系列环境管理标准及其核心标准ISOl4001的内涵，重点分析了企业建立和实施ISOl4001标准的必要性。并通过对与ISO9000系列标准关系的讨论，提出企业实施环境管理体系及通过认证的可行性。     

县级站开展农村生态环境监测的探讨

农村生态环境监测是县级环境监测部门的主要职责.目前.由于县级环境管理和监测部门的人员编制、技术力量、仪器设备等方面的严重不足,因而对广大农村的环境管理与监测,仅仅局限于城镇工业的污染防治、排污收费、事故仲裁以及城镇环境质量的管理和监测,无力开展农村生态环境的管理和监测.《环境保护法》赋予各级政府环境保护行政主管部门的职责及对生活环境、生态环境、城镇环境、农村环境实施统一监督管理.因此,县级环境行政主管部门责无旁贷地依法管理农业环境.而农业部门也应依照环保法第7条对农业资源的保护实施监督管理.县级环保行政主管部门和监测站在做好城镇工业污染监测、环境质量监测的同时,要加强对农业生态环境监测的研究,如生态环境监测指标体系、项目、方法、生态环境质量评价等等.县级环保行政主管部门及监测站必须认识到开展农业生态环境管理和监测的重要性;同时,要在人员编制、仪器装备上加以充实和完善,结合当地的建设积极探索环境的管理和监测.海安县在生态农业建设上积累了多年经验.县环保局和监测站在为生态农业建设服务方面作了有益的探索.我们刊载本文的目的一是希望大家重视生态农业的环境监测;二是不断探索、交流生态农业监测的技术和经验;三是希望县级站能在生态农业监测方面     

建立水质自动监测系统的思考

结合章郭水质自动监测系统的可行性研究,在建立水质自动监测系统过程中对监测站位的选取、监测项目的选择、水质自动监测系统的组成、数据的采集与处理、系统的维护及管理、存在的问题等方面进行探讨,水质自动监测系统的建设可以弥补水质监测的不足,同时为实施总量控制及环境管理提供了可靠的依据。     

加强建设 量化管理 推进环境监测事业持续发展

介绍了南京市环境监测中心站近年来在拓展监测能力,提升监测现代化水平,优化资源配置,加强队伍建设,强化制度建设,实施目标管理等方面采取的举措,指出在我国环境保护发生历史性转变的关键时期,环境监测站应在社会、经济、环境的协调发展中,充分发挥为管理服务的前瞻性、监测信息上报的及时性及实施环境决策的支持性作用,积极推进环境监测事业持续发展.     

浅谈中、小型建设项目环境管理过程中的环境监测工作

中、小型建设项目是省级以下环境保护行政主管部门实施建设项目环境管理的主要对象,但由于项目投资建设的特点,建设单位自身的环境管理水平比较低,这就需要环保部门加强对项目审批、施工、试生产、环保三同时验收等环节的管理,环境监测作为实施环境管理的技术支撑,有着不可替代的作用。本文就建设项目环境管理的各个过程和环境监测工作的特点对此进行了论述。     

美国流域管理对我国的启示

正中国环境报报道美国环保局从20世纪90年代起逐渐将流域管理方法运用到水环境管理的各项政策中,并制定了《流域保护方法框架》。在排污许可证发放管理、水源地保护和财政资金优先资助项目筛选等方面充分考虑流域的水质改善和保护,促使各项管理制度在实施过程中可以将有限的资源用于最急需解决的水环境问题上,有效提高了管理效能。     

生态环境第三方检测机构计量器具量值溯源管理问题探讨

构建科学、准确、有效的量值溯源体系是实验室质量管理的重要内容。在国家市场监督管理总局新发布的《实施强制管理的计量器具目录》中,涉及环境监测用途的类别大幅度减少。在此背景下,研究介绍了量值溯源中检定和校准的差异及适用范围,强调不应将检测作为量值溯源的方式。分类比较了国内现有具备量传能力的计量技术机构,对目前生态环境监测领域量值溯源技术方法与实际使用需求脱节、计量服务供给侧响应不及时的短板进行了总结。建议各专业计量技术委员会加快制修订相关计量技术法规,各计量技术机构及时更新和建立相关计量标准,从而更好地满足环境检测机构对计量器具量值管理的需求。     

环境噪声标准体系设计与相互关系研究

针对当前突出的环境噪声问题,提出了噪声管理需要3个层次不同的标准,每种标准有适用的对象、制订依据、作用和特征,在介绍不同层次标准相互关系基础上提出标准制订和修订的建议.     

Importance�Cperformance analysis of municipal solid waste management in uncertainty

The aim of this study was to evaluate and position the perceptions of importance and performance of municipal solid waste management aspects and criteria. The study results propose dependence relations among four aspects and 33 criteria pertaining to metropolitan Taipei. Evaluation was based on linguistically described preferences and multiple aspects and criteria analysis; in particular, applied fuzzy set theory was used to evaluate linguistic vagueness, and the analytic network process was applied for dependence relations among the aspects and criteria. In order to compile managerial implications and concluding remarks, importance?Cperformance analysis was conducted, using several mathematical techniques applied to the objectives as well as the participation and input of professionals and academicians. Overall results and concluding remarks are discussed.     

理顺运转机制,做好环境保护工作

阐述了环境管理，环境监测，环境监测三者之间的相互关系，并对三者之间的交叉点，矛盾点做了进一步的探讨和分析，提出了可行性的建议，以期形成统一，高效，具有强大战斗力的一支环保队伍。     

Agricultural practices in grasslands detected by spatial remote sensing

The major decrease in grassland surfaces associated with changes in their management that has been observed in many regions of the earth during the last half century has major impacts on environmental and socio-economic systems. This study focuses on the identification of grassland management practices in an intensive agricultural watershed located in Brittany, France, by analyzing the intra-annual dynamics of the surface condition of vegetation using remotely sensed and field data. We studied the relationship between one vegetation index (NDVI) and two biophysical variables (LAI and fCOVER) derived from a series of three SPOT images on one hand and measurements collected during field campaigns achieved on 120 grasslands on the other. The results show that the LAI appears as the best predictor for monitoring grassland mowing and grazing. Indeed, because of its ability to characterize vegetation status, LAI estimated from remote sensing data is a relevant variable to identify these practices. LAI values derived from the SPOT images were then classified based on the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) supervised algorithm. The results points out that the distribution of grassland management practices such as grazing and mowing can be mapped very accurately (Kappa index?=?0.82) at a field scale over large agricultural areas using a series of satellite images.     

Modelling of Materials Policies

This paper discusses the REAP1 model and its application for the analysis of CO₂ reduction and waste management policies for Japanese petrochemicals. The pros and cons of this modelling approach in comparison to other tools is elaborated. This is followed by a discussion of the model code and the modelling results. The results show that CO₂ policies can have significant impacts on waste flows and waste policies can have significant CO₂ benefits. As a consequence both effects must be considered in policy assessment. Pricing instruments are recommended instead of regulations because of the complex physical relations in the materials life cycle that extend beyond sector boundaries. A taxation approach is superior to a subsidy approach because rebound effects can be avoided.     

A model for the maximum credible hourly impact on any ground receptor from point sources with momentumdominated plume rise

A pollutant dispersion model is developed, allowing rapid evaluation of the maximum credible one-hour-average concentration on any given ground-level receptor, along with the corresponding critical meteorological conditions (wind speed and stability class) for stacks with momentum-dominated plume rise in urban or rural areas under buoyancy or no buoyancy induced dispersion. Site-specific meteorological data are not required, as the computed concentrations are maximized against all credible combinations of wind speed, stability class, and mixing height.The analysis is based on the dispersion relations of Pasquill-Gifford and Briggs for rural and urban settings respectively, the buoyancy induced dispersion correlation of Pasquill, the wind profile exponent values suggested by Irwin, the momentum plume rise relations of Briggs, as well as the Benkley and Schulman's model for the minimum mixing heights.The model is particularly suited for air pollution management studies, as it allows fast screening of the maximum impact on any selected receptor and evaluation of the ways to have this impact reduced. Also, for regulatory purposes, as it allows accurate setting of minimum stack height requirements as function of the exit gas volume and velocity, the pollutant emission rates and their hourly concentration standards, as well as the source location relative to sensitive receptors.     

Developing a simplified river landscape assessment model: Examples from the Chungkang and Touchien rivers, Taiwan

Currently, river landscape evaluations cannot be conducted by the general public, due to their lack of professional training. However, consulting professionals is time consuming and costly. The research conducted addresses both problems by (1) developing suitable criteria for assessing river environments, and (2) formulating a strategy for using the proposed criteria, thereby creating an effective method for river management by non-professionals. This research was carried out, in accordance with Visual Resource Management theory, at 12 survey sites along the ChungKang River. The landscape quality sequences acquired were then evaluated using a revised and simplified assessment model. The same process was repeated on the Touchien River to verify its feasibility. This research developed both specific criteria as well a method for evaluating river landscapes, which can be employed by non-professional river project managers. Ultimately, the aim of this research is to develop and promote sustainable river resource management.     

基于环境监测实验室的高校实验室安全准入制度信息系统功能优化研究

梳理了高校实验室环境-安全-健康准入制度包含的管理内容,从人员管理、设备管理、试剂管理、实验环境管理角度进行了分析。根据现有实验室安全信息化系统运行情况,探讨了将实验室安全信息化系统与实验室信息化系统、设备管理信息化系统进行数据融合和功能优化的要点,重点分析了设备采购及管理系统、实验室安全教育与考试系统、实验室安全检查系统、试剂管理平台、实验室门禁管理系统在功能上的内在关联,从而通过试剂管理平台、实验室门禁控制系统、设备采购系统实现实验室环境-安全-健康准入制度的强制执行。研究发现,高校与环境监测实验室、院系实验室安全管理部门联合促进实验室安全信息化系统、实验室信息化系统、设备管理信息化系统的数据共享与功能升级,可以丰富实验室安全准入制度的内涵和管理手段,加强实验室安全准入制度的强制执行力,提高实验室安全管理效率。     

Natural background concentrations of nutrients in the German Bight area (North Sea)

Natural background concentrations of nutrients are needed for the assessments of eutrophication processes and their status. Natural background concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were modelled for the rivers discharging into the German Bight and the Rhine considering individual catchment sizes, freshwater flows and soil types. These data were validated by comparison with data from unpolluted rivers. The consistency of modelled and some compiled nutrient concentrations was confirmed by their area-specific load dependency on freshwater discharges. Pristine inorganic nutrient concentrations were deduced from modelled relations to TN and TP in unpolluted rivers. Pristine nutrient gradients between rivers and offshore waters were estimated by linear mixing until a salinity of 32, continued by hyperbolic fits towards recent mean offshore values (salinity 34.5?C35). Based on these gradients and recent mean salinities, maps of pristine surface gradients were plotted for the whole German Bight. Variability was transferred from recent conditions as percentage of standard deviation. Reported historical nutrient data and concentrations from unpolluted rivers, coastal and offshore North Sea waters are discussed concerning their relations to natural background conditions.     

Effects of Traffic Management and Transport Mode on the Exposure of Schoolchildren to Carbon Monoxide

The exposure to CO of schoolchildren was assessed in the town of Northampton, UK, both by direct measurement and by GIS-based activity modelling. Personal measurement of CO showed that exposures when travelling by car were significantly greater than those when walking, although journey times by car were shorter. However, journey exposures had little effect on maximum 8h mean CO exposures. CO concentration fields in the study area were modelled from current traffic flows, and those expected under different traffic management scenarios. These fields were then used, in combination with children's home and school location, and their activity profiles, to simulate frequency distributions of exposure for different transport modes and traffic management scenarios. The results show a large variability in the effect of traffic management interventions, depending on the child's home and school location.