中国生态效率的区域差异及影响因素——基于时空差异视角的实证分析

“生态效率”这一概念同时将环境绩效和经济绩效内涵于其中,符合生态文明建设和可持续发展的科学理念。基于2004~2014年我国30个省级经济单元的面板数据,通过构建区域生态效率评价模型,运用探索性空间统计分析方法,实证测算并分析了我国区域生态效率的时空关联及集聚特征,研究了生态效率变动的驱动因素。结果表明：(1)我国生态效率区域差异显著,生态效率呈现“东—中—西—东北”的梯度递减格局。(2)区域生态效率呈现显著的正的空间相关与集聚特征,近地缘的各省域生态效率相互影响,空间扩散效应显著;忽视区域差异与空间因素,在理论上存在严重不足,也与现实不符。(3)经济发展水平、环境规制、结构变动、对外开放和城市化水平等因素,都会对生态效率变动产生显著影响。提高区域生态效率,中西部落后地区是重点,也是难点。     

Production of renewable and sustainable fuel from Calliandra calothyrsus and its utilisation in compression ignition engines

Alternative fuels have several advantages compared to fossil fuels as they are renewable, biodegradable, provide energy security, foreign exchange saving as well as help in addressing environmental concerns and socio-economic issues. Therefore, renewable fuels can be used predominantly as a fuel for transportation and for applications in power generation. Shaft power application is a key factor for economic growth and prosperity and depends crucially on the long-term availability of energy from sources that are affordable, accessible and environmentally friendly. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to implement the production of bioethanol from Calliandra calothyrsus, a potential lignocellulosic raw material for the cellulose-to-bioethanol conversion process that can be used as an alternative resource to starch- or sugar-containing feedstock. This study addresses a new pretreatment method known as hydrothermal explosion using C. calothyrsus for ethanol production. The present study also involves experimental investigations on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection diesel engine operated with Honge oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and ethanol and its comparison with a neat diesel fuel mode of operation. The results revealed that optimal parameters for bioethanol production from C. calothyrsus were 2% acid concentration (HCl), 100°C temperature and 80 min retention time. For a diesel engine operated with a HOME–bioethanol blend, the experimental results showed a 3–4% decrease in brake thermal efficiency with a 8–10% increase in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission levels and a 15–18% decrease in nitric oxide emission levels when compared with a neat diesel fuel mode of operation.     

Research on Indicator System of Regional Eco-efficiency: A Case Study of Chengyang District

Abstract

Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes. Despite the popularity of the term “eco-efficiency” in business, limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers. Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency, an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study. The indicator system comprises 22 indicators, which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development, resources consumption, environmental pressure. As a promising statistical technique, principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao's Chengyang District. The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003. Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends. The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979, which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources. The environmental pressure index in- creased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997, due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years. Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production, so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability. The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.     

Research on Indicator System of Regional Eco-efficiency:A Case Study of Chengyang District

Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes. Despite the popularity of the term “eeo-efficiency“ in business, limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers. Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency, an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study. The indicator system comprises 22 indicators, which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development, resources consumption,environmental pressure. As a promising statistical technique,principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao‘s Chengyang District. The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003. Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends. The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979, which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources. The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997, due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years. Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production, so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability. The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.     

Eco-efficient cold chain networks design

ABSTRACT

The demand of food distribution across global supply chains is continuously growing and since this kind of deliveries need refrigeration, the growth will enormously increase the energy request and the associated carbon emissions. The aim of this study is to develop a model for the optimisation of eco-efficiency related to a typical refrigerated food distribution network design as a particular case of cold chain. Inventory holding, transportation and energy consumption cost components are included in the model for the evaluation of economic performance of the chain, while energy consumption for storage and transport activities is also considered to contribute to the environmental performance of the chain. In order to model a supply chain related to refrigerated food, the perishability of distributed products is also involved in the model, as it influences storage and distribution activities performances. A novel analytical model is developed for the economic and environmental evaluation of the considered chain. A numerical study that considers different alternative configurations of the distribution network for refrigerated green peas is presented and results are discussed considering the eco-efficiency of different alternatives. Finally, main limitations of the model and future developments are presented and discussed.     

基于AHP和DEA模型的农业生态效率评价——以无锡市为例

农业面源污染已成为我国重要环境污染源之一,但由于农业面源污染具有分散、面广、周期长、随机性等特点,在评价上存在较大难度。根据生态效率理论,结合农业生产的特点,建立了综合考虑经济效益和环境影响的农业生态效率评价指标体系,并以江苏省无锡市为例,选取该市1998~2008年农业生产和面源污染相关数据,运用偏好锥的数据包络分析模型（DEA）对其农业生态效率进行了评价分析。结果显示：1998~2008年,无锡市农业生态效率呈现先下降后上升的趋势,近三年累计上升幅度达22%。表明近年来无锡市农业面源污染治理成效显著,农业可持续发展水平显著提高。提出的农业生态效率评价体系和方法为进一步推进农业面源污染治理工作提供了依据     

中国各省环境效率及环境效率幻觉分析

为了更准确地了解我国经济发展质量,深刻理解环境效率的含义,本文以全新视角对中国各省环境效率进行测量、分析。首先,基于中国各省农业和工业生产要素投入、期望产出和非期望产出,利用二次型方向性距离函数和收益函数的对偶关系,测算2011年至2013年中国大陆31个省份污染物的影子价格。其次,利用影子价格衡量污染物减排边际成本的优点,根据世界可持续发展工商理事会(WBCSD)提出的环境效率测度公式,研究各省的环境负荷、环境效率,针对环境效率在衡量经济发展质量过程中的缺陷,提出环境效率幻觉概念,结合二者对全国各省进行综合评判,结果表明:全国范围内的各省环境效率值基本呈逐年递增趋势;整体上环境效率值在东中西部呈递减,但东北各省的环境效率值已普遍低于西南各省,且差距有扩大的趋势;出现环境效率幻觉的省份较少,但随着经济"新常态"的出现,其数量在增加。再次,利用环境效率的上升和环境效率幻觉的下降判断,中国仅二分之一的省份环境质量在真正好转。最后,环境效率影响因素的分析表明:全国范围内,产业结构、人均收入以及对外贸易水平与环境效率正相关,政府规制与环境效率负相关,对各地区的影响却呈现出较大差异;政府规制在东部和中部地区对环境效率具有促进作用,且东部大于中部,而西部地区却存在负效应;产业结构在中部和西部地区对环境效率具有积极的促进作用,且西部大于中部,但是东部地区却存在着负效应;对外贸易的继续增加对东中部地区环境效率具有消极的影响,且东部大于中部,对西部地区环境效率有积极的促进作用。     

长三角城市群工业生态效率空间溢出效应及其影响因素

工业生态效率能够反映经济发展、环境保护和资源节约之间的平衡关系,探究工业生态效率对于转变工业发展方式,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。该文测算长三角城市群工业生态效率,并对其时空演变、区域差异、溢出效应及影响因素的空间效应进行探索。研究发现：长三角城市群工业生态效率均值不断上升,绝对差异增加,而相对差异变化不大;具有正的空间相关性,在空间分布上具有一定的集聚性;呈现出“东高西低”的空间特征,具有显著的高-高和低-低集聚的空间俱乐部分布特征;在工业生态效率类型转移过程中存在着趋同的趋势,并且具有显著的空间溢出效应;科技投入和经济发展对本地工业生态效率的提升起显著的推动作用,而工业结构不利于本地工业生态效率的改善;本地城镇化的提升不利于邻近其它城市工业生态效率的提升;而本地科技投入和经济发展有利于邻近其它城市工业生态效率的提升。加强城市之间合作对提升工业生态效率具有重要影响。     

Typifying cities to streamline the selection of relevant environmental sustainability indicators for urban water supply and sewage handling systems: a recommendation

Measuring performance and setting targets and benchmarks for the future entail the adoption of metrics or indicators. Sustainability is a multi-pronged objective encompassing social, economic, health, cultural, governance and environmental aspects. Indicators can be grouped under these categories. The selection of environmental sustainability indicators for a water and wastewater utility in a city needs to be based on concerns specific to the utility in question. The authors, in this paper, have recommended the classification of cities into city types based on specific attributes and identification of relevant environmental sustainability indicators, from a pool of 13 indicators, for these different city types. Having selected the relevant indicators, utilities can use them as tools to improve their environmental performance. The purpose is to not facilitate inter-utility comparisons within or across city types. Every utility would compare its environmental performance at a given point in time with what it was in the past. Towards the end, the paper also applies the methodology to nine cities across four continents—Europe (Oslo, Trondheim and Turin), Asia (the National Capital Territory of Delhi, Beijing, Tel Aviv and Male), North America (Sacramento) and South America (São Paulo). In all, 13 environmental sustainability indicators have been identified. Two cities—Oslo and Trondheim (both from Norway) belong to the same city type, while the other seven are different from each other in this regard. The number of relevant indicators ranged from 4 for Trondheim to 11 for Tel Aviv. The methodology is not restricted to urban water supply and sewage handling systems. It can be extended to other infrastructure systems as well—waste management, transportation, etc.     

Effect of bioethanol and thermal barrier coating on the performance of dual fuel engine operating on Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and producer gas induction

Alternative fuels have numerous advantages compared to fossil fuels as they are renewable, biodegradable; provide energy security and foreign exchange saving besides addressing environmental concerns and socio-economic issues as well. Renewable fuels can be used predominantly as fuel for both transportation and power generation applications. Improved engine performance with reduced engine exhaust emissions is a major research objective in engine development. Today, the use of biomass derived producer gas is more relevant for addressing rural power generation and is a promising technique for controlling both nitric oxide (NO_x) and soot emission levels. In view of this, exhaustive experiments on the use of Honge oil methyl ester (HOME)–Producer gas in a dual fuel engine have been carried out with an intension of improving its fuel efficiency. This paper mainly presents results on a single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using HOME–Producer gas combination with and without bio-ethanol addition and thermal barrier coating (TBC). Further, the results were compared with diesel–producer gas mode of operation. Experimental investigation on dual fuel operation using HOME+5% bioethanol (BE5)–Producer gas operation with TBC showed 12.35% increased brake thermal efficiency with decreased hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions and increased NO_x emission levels compared to HOME–Producer gas mode of operation.     

汉江流域基于模糊物元评价和数据包络分析的水资源用水效率评价

结合当前水利部在实施最严格水资源管理过程中对用水效率控制的要求,构建了涵盖工业、农业、生活、生态的用水效率评价指标体系和评价标准,采用基于熵权的模糊物元评价法和数据包络分析法(DEA)对汉江流域各行政区2010、2012和2014年的用水效率进行了评价。结果显示:两种方法所得结果一致,即汉江流域各行政区2014年的用水效率均有大幅度提高,主要集中在较高和中等水平;除武汉市用水效率达到最佳水平之外,其他各行政区均为DEA无效,且规模收益均为规模递增,说明汉江流域各地区已经采取措施来提高用水效率,并取得了初步成效,但仍存在很大的节水潜力,需通过节水技术进步和产业结构调整来提高用水效率。此研究结果可为汉江流域水资源利用和节水措施提供参考和依据。     

Willingness to pay before and after program implementation: the case of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Bally Municipality,India

This paper identifies the factors that influence perception of program benefit of the recipients when a hypothetical public program is implemented in reality. We compare pre- and post-program Willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for improved waste management in Bally Municipality, India, and find that post-program predicted WTP falls by more than 50 % even when if there are substantial improvements in urban environment. We show that this can be explained by the relative strength of leisure cost of effort to participate in the waste management program vis-à-vis the benefit derived from cleaner environment. Our study shows that mismatch between expected and offered service attributes might be a source of disutility and could also dampen households’ perceived value of the program benefits. In such cases, the reduction in WTP might act as an indication of the local bodies regarding the scale of outreach and expansion of the program needed to finance the operation and maintenance expenses by supplementing the property tax bases through user fees.     

Measuring combined exposure to environmental pressures in urban areas: an air quality and noise pollution assessment approach

This study presents a methodological scheme developed to provide a combined air and noise pollution exposure assessment based on measurements from personal portable monitors. Provided that air and noise pollution are considered in a co-exposure approach, they represent a significant environmental hazard to public health. The methodology is demonstrated for the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. The results of an extensive field campaign are presented and the variations in personal exposure between modes of transport, routes, streets and transport microenvironments are evaluated. Air pollution and noise measurements were performed simultaneously along several commuting routes, during the morning and evening rush hours. Combined exposure to environmental pollutants is highlighted based on the Combined Exposure Factor (CEF) and Combined Dose and Exposure Factor (CDEF). The CDEF takes into account the potential relative uptake of each pollutant by considering the physical activities of each citizen. Rather than viewing environmental pollutants separately for planning and environmental sustainability considerations, the possibility of an easy-to-comprehend co-exposure approach based on these two indices is demonstrated. Furthermore, they provide for the first time a combined exposure assessment to these environmental pollutants for Thessaloniki and in this sense they could be of importance for local public authorities and decision makers. A considerable environmental burden for the citizens of Thessaloniki, especially for VOCs and noise pollution levels is observed. The material herein points out the importance of measuring public health stressors and the necessity of considering urban environmental pollution in a holistic way.     

山地民族地区旅游流网络结构及流动方式研究——以恩施州为例

恩施州是资源富集的山地民族旅游区,近年来旅游扶贫政策的推广为州内旅游业发展提供了新的机遇。正确理解和把握游客在州内的流动规模、流动方向和流动方式,对政府部门和旅游企业的科学决策和合理规划具有重要意义。通过提取网络游记信息,应用社会网络分析方法和ArcGIS空间分析方法对恩施州旅游流的空间网络结构和流动方式进行分析,研究表明：（1）恩施州旅游流网络结构整体较分散,各旅游节点间流动性不强;（2）恩施市,利川市和鹤峰县是州内旅游流交通集散中心,恩施大峡谷是恩施州旅游流网络的旅游集散中心;（3）恩施大峡谷、恩施土司城、土家女儿城和恩施市区4个节点是恩施州旅游流的核心节点,这4个节点之间联系较为紧密,也是联结其余节点的核心节点;（4）恩施州旅游流季节差异性较为明显,游客量主要集中在夏季和秋季;（5）游客主要选择大巴和自驾在恩施州内进行移动,州内旅游交通线路发展良好,但公共交通仍不能完全满足游客的出行需求;（6）旅游资源供需呈现不匹配特点,游客在州内空间流动较少受旅游节点等级和级别的影响。     

我国环境治理投资效率评价及其关键影响因素

在系统地归纳了环境治理投资效率的相关研究的基础上,依据构建评价指标体系的原则,以环境治理投资总额作为投入指标,以及环境治理投资在水、气、固体等方面控制绩效作为产出,建立我国环境治理投资效率的评价指标体系,构建基于DEA方法的我国环境治理投资效率评价模型,再以环境治理投资效率为母因素,以各评价指标为环境治理投资效率的影响因素,利用灰色关联度分析方法,构建我国环境治理投资效率的关键影响因素分析模型,通过《中国环境统计年鉴2010》和《中国统计年鉴2010》收集2009年我国各省市（自治区）投入产出数据,得到我国各省市的环境治理投资效率及其关键影响因素,证实控制关键因素--环境治理投资总额,能够有效地提高环境治理投资效率     

基于离散选择模型的水质改良非市场价值评估——以滇池为例

非市场价值的评估是水质改良项目经济可行性分析或水生态破坏补偿决策必须考虑的难题。以滇池为例,通过问卷调查获得昆明市居民对滇池水污染的认识及对水质改良的选择数据,利用离散选择模型估计了滇池水质改良的非市场价值。结果表明,多数居民对水污染有较好的认识,居民选择水质改良的概率与家庭收入、目标水质、对生态影响的认识等有显著的正相关性,与水质改良的附加费、家中是否有小孩及在当地居住时间有显著的负相关性。居民户对四类水和三类水水质的支付意愿分别为42元/月和91元/月,或504元/a和1092元/a,分别占家庭年平均收入的011%和023%;算得滇池目前的水质改良到IV类和III类的非市场价值分别是6 91996万元/a和14 99324万元/a。可见,离散选择模型法通过对复杂的取舍关系进行分析,能在考虑多因素的基础上估算出水质改良的非市场价值,所得的信息可为水质改良决策提供参考依据     

Testing of the European Union exposure-response relationships and annoyance equivalents model for annoyance due to transportation noises: The need of revised exposure-response relationships and annoyance equivalents model

An in situ survey was performed in 8 French cities in 2012 to study the annoyance due to combined transportation noises. As the European Commission recommends to use the exposure–response relationships suggested by Miedema and Oudshoorn [Environmental Health Perspective, 2001] to predict annoyance due to single transportation noise, these exposure–response relationships were tested using the annoyance due to each transportation noise measured during the French survey. These relationships only enabled a good prediction in terms of the percentages of people highly annoyed by road traffic noise. For the percentages of people annoyed and a little annoyed by road traffic noise, the quality of prediction is weak. For aircraft and railway noises, prediction of annoyance is not satisfactory either. As a consequence, the annoyance equivalents model of Miedema [The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2004], based on these exposure-response relationships did not enable a good prediction of annoyance due to combined transportation noises. Local exposure-response relationships were derived, following the whole computation suggested by Miedema and Oudshoorn [Environmental Health Perspective, 2001]. They led to a better calculation of annoyance due to each transportation noise in the French cities. A new version of the annoyance equivalents model was proposed using these new exposure-response relationships. This model enabled a better prediction of the total annoyance due to the combined transportation noises. These results encourage therefore to improve the annoyance prediction for noise in isolation with local or revised exposure-response relationships, which will also contribute to improve annoyance modeling for combined noises. With this aim in mind, a methodology is proposed to consider noise sensitivity in exposure-response relationships and in the annoyance equivalents model. The results showed that taking into account such variable did not enable to enhance both exposure-response relationships and the annoyance equivalents model.     

Fuel efficiency improvement of a dual-fuel engine fuelled with Honge oil methyl ester (HOME)–bioethanol and producer gas

Renewable and alternative fuels have numerous advantages compared with fossil fuels as they are renewable and biodegradable and provide food and energy security and foreign exchange savings besides addressing environmental concerns and socio-economic issues (Yaliwal et al. 2013. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, doi:10.1080/19397038.2013.801530. Zhu et al. 2011a, Applied Thermal Engineering 31 (14–15): 2271–2278; Zhu et al. 2011b, Fuel 90: 1743-1750; Banapurmath, Tewari, and Hosmath 2008, Renewable Energy 33: 2007-2018; Banapurmath 2009, “Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Single Cylinder Direct Injection CI Engine Operated on Dual Fuel Mode Using Honge Oil and Producer Gas.” PhD thesis, 1–195; Banapurmath et al. 2011, Waste and Biomass Valorization 2: 1–11). In this context, the main objective of the present work is to study methods of biofuel production such as Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) using a conventional transesterification process and bioethanol from the Calliandra calothyrsus shrub using a new pretreatment method known as hydrothermal explosion. Further, experimental investigations were carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection stationary diesel engine operating in a dual-fuel mode using HOME, bioethanol and producer gas combinations to determine its performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The performance of the dual-fuel engine was analyzed at optimized engine conditions. HOME-Bioethanol (BE) blends such as HOME+ 5% bioethanol (BE5), HOME+ 10% bioethanol (BE10) and HOME+ 15% bioethanol (BE15) were prepared by adding bioethanol to HOME (on volume basis) in different proportions ranging from 5 to 15% with an increment of 5%. In this present work, the effect of different BE blends on the performance of producer gas fuelled dual fuel engine was studied. Experimental investigation on dual fuel engine using BE5-Producer gas operation resulted in up to 4–9% increased brake thermal efficiency with decreased hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and marginally increased nitric oxide (NOx) emission levels compared to HOME-Producer gas, BE10-producer gas and BE15-producer gas mode of operation. However, it was observed that, the overall performance of BE-producer gas operation was found to be lower compared to diesel-producer gas operation.     

An integrated approach for the benchmarking of production facilities’ environmental performance: data envelopment analysis and life cycle assessment

Environmental impacts have become an important consideration in the manufacturing industry due to increasing public pressure for environment protection and the requirements of recently launched legislations. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a widely adopted methodological approach for the benchmarking of the relative efficiency of different production units. Changes in production efficiency may affect environmental impacts. DEA can be used for identifying the most efficient production facility and hence, the environmental impacts generated from the different production lines can then be benchmarked. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is carried out to quantify the full environmental impacts of a product from ‘cradle to grave’. The integration of LCA with DEA, efficiency and environmental impact of different production processes for a certain family of products can be evaluated and benchmarked. The proposed two-stage approach can help to reduce the aggregate environmental impacts of the manufacturing phase and is used to benchmark the environmental performance of several production lines in a manufacturing company.     

上海市生态福利绩效评价研究

生态福利绩效是指自然消耗转化为福利水平的效率。随着全球生态约束时代的到来,自然资本变得绝对稀缺,如何在生态极限内提高人类的福利水平是可持续发展的终极目标。本文基于DEA方法,从投入产出角度构建了城市生态福利绩效评价指标体系,并结合主成分分析法(PCA),运用改进的基于非径向非角度的超效率DEA模型(Super-SBM模型)对上海市2006—2014年的生态福利绩效水平进行综合测评,并与2014年我国35个主要城市(省级和副省级城市)进行横向对比研究。结果表明:12006—2014年期间,上海的总体生态福利绩效水平不高,并未处于DEA有效的前沿面,其中仅3个年份为DEA有效,其余6个年份均为DEA无效,DEA有效年份数占样本总数的33.33%,但从整个发展态势来看,近几年来有逐步改善和提高的趋势。22014年,我国35个主要城市的生态福利绩效整体水平不高,深圳、海口排名前两位,而上海仅排名第30位,资源环境消耗过高是生态福利绩效值偏低的主要原因。从投入冗余情况来看,上海市在水资源和土地两方面消耗过高,存在过度冗余,环境污染排放也具有较大的优化空间,资源环境问题成为制约上海建设生态宜居城市的主要瓶颈。3PCA-DEA组合模型比DEA模型下所测算出来的绩效值更精确,且考虑松弛变量的非径向Super-SBM模型比基于径向的DEA模型精确度更高,对于相关领域的资源环境绩效或生态效率评价具有较好的适用性和借鉴价值。最后根据实证分析结果可知,上海应淘汰过剩产能并转变生产和生活消费方式、发展绿色低碳的共享经济,同时构建紧凑型城市,实现城市"精明增长"。