矿化垃圾生物反应床处理畜禽废水的试验研究

矿化垃圾具有较大的吸附比表面积，较强的阳离子交换容量（67.9meq/100g),无二次污染，是很好的污水处理生物介绍。借助于于矿化垃圾柱物理模型装置，在实验室进行了历时6个月的矿化垃圾反应床处理畜禽污水试验。结果表明，系统出水有较大改善，出水溶解氧有较大提高，pH值呈中性。该处理系统对畜禽污水中色度，SS，CODCr,BOD5,NH3-N和总磷的平均去除率分别为64.7%,14.94%,75.33%,88.71%,94.55%和99．83％，处理出水中CODCr,BOD5,NH4-N和总磷的平均浓度分别为185．61mg/L,14.94mg/L,26.79mg/L和0.079mg/L，总氮的平均去除率仅为21.29%.反应器运行6个月以来，运转良好，未发生阻塞现象。     

包埋法处理抗生素废水的试验研究

采用包埋活性污泥对抗生素废水进行了试验研究,以COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TN去除率为指标,考察包埋活性污泥处理抗生素废水的可行性,结果表明,COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TN去除率分别为68.02%、78.80%、45.00%和49.11%.说明包埋法处理抗生素废水是可行的,尤其是去除TN上具有一定的优势.     

高效集成生物反应器处理生活污水的试验研究

采用高效集成生物反应器(HCR)处理生活污水,考察了水力停留时间、污泥回流比和射流量对污染物去除效果的影响.结果表明,在水力停留时间为90 min,污泥回流比为120%和射流量为2.1 m3/h的最佳运行条件下,HCR对COD、BOD5、NH3-N和SS的去除率分别为82.3%、93.5%、86.3%和93.1%,出水COD、BOD5、NH3-N和SS均达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)中一级B标准.     

矿化垃圾生物反应床处理畜禽废水的试验研究

矿化垃圾具有较大的吸附比表面积 ,较强的阳离子交换容量 (6 7.9meq/ 10 0 g) ,无二次污染 ,是很好的污水处理生物介质。借助于矿化垃圾柱物理模型试验装置 ,在实验室进行了历时 6个月的矿化垃圾反应床处理畜禽污水试验。结果表明 ,系统出水有较大改善 ,出水溶解氧有较大提高 ,pH值呈中性。该处理系统对畜禽污水中色度、SS、CODCr、BOD5、NH3 N和总磷的平均去除率分别为 6 4.7%、5 4.2 9%、75 .33 %、88.71%、94.5 5 %和 99.83 % ;处理出水中CODCr、BOD5、NH4 N和总磷的平均浓度分别为 185 .6 1mg/L、14.94mg/L、2 6 .79mg/L和 0 .0 79mg/L ;总氮的平均去除率仅为 2 1.2 9%。反应器运行 6个月以来 ,运转良好 ,未发生阻塞现象     

对羟基苯甘氨酸生产废水的处理工艺研究

对羟基苯甘氨酸废水属于高浓度难处理有机废水,针对生产工艺的特点,采取了废水分类处理的新路线.试验结果表明,高浓度废水经过物化处理后,苯酚的回收率达到95%,每日回收硫酸铵约6t;低浓度废水采取水解酸化-接触氧化-沉淀-活性炭吸附工艺是可行的,COD、BOD5、NH3-N及挥发酚的总去除率分别为95.6%、94.6%、93.7%和99%.     

生物填料地下渗滤系统对生活污水的脱氮

将草甸棕壤、炉渣和活性污泥等基质按体积比13∶6∶1配制生物填料,研究了生物填料地下渗滤系统（subsurface wastewater infiltration system,SWIS）在不同的水力负荷和污染负荷条件下对校园生活污水的脱氮效果。场地实验结果表明,当BOD5负荷为12.0 g BOD5/（m2·d）,表面水力负荷为0.04-0.10 m3/（m2·d）时,SWIS对NH＋4-N和TN的平均去除率分别为92.4%和82.0%。当水力负荷为0.08 m3/（m2·d）,BOD5负荷9.3-16.8 g BOD5/（m2·d）时,SWIS对NH＋4-N和TN的平均去除率为92.7%和81.2%。SWIS中氧化还原电位（oxygen reduction potential,ORP）随进水水力负荷和BOD5负荷的增加而降低,脱氮效率下降。综合出水水质和处理效率,适宜的水力负荷和污染负荷分别为0.065 m3/（m2·d）和12.0 g BOD5/（m2·d）。在此条件下,SWIS的启动周期为25-30 d。出水水质均优于《城市污水再生利用-景观环境用水水质》（GB/T18921-2002）标准,且处理效果稳定,抗负荷冲击能力强。     

运用GC-MS联用技术对垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物成分的分析

通过测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液的色度、BOD5、CODCr、TOC、NH3-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N、TKN、TP、总硬度等指标来分析渗滤液的水质特性.利用GC-MS联用技术对渗滤液中有机污染物的组分进行了鉴定,共检测出主要有机污染物63种.     

实用型深度光氧化设备对几种染料和多菌灵农药废水的处理

利用HFS 1型深度光氧化废水处理设备对活性艳蓝K3R、酸性红 3B、活性黑KNB、酸性红A、直接耐酸大红4BS等 5种染料的水溶液和多菌灵农药废水进行了深度光氧化处理。结果表明 :(1)染料在处理 5min后 ,脱色率都在 90 %以上 ;处理 15min后 ,CODCr的去除率除活性艳蓝K3R较低外 ,其余的都在 80 %以上 ;BOD5/CODCr的值都有所增大。 (2 )多菌灵农药废水 (经稀释 )处理 4 0min后CODCr的去除率为 5 7.0 % ,BOD5/CODCr的值由 0 .2 0增加到 0 .4 4。 (3)采用深度光氧化 -絮凝的工艺处理多菌灵农药废水 ,CODCr的去除率为 5 7.5 %。     

低C/N比老龄化垃圾渗滤液处理工程的提标改造

采用两级厌氧好氧活性污泥法(A/O)与活性污泥浸没式膜生物反应器(AS-SMBR)结合的生化处理系统和纳滤(NF)深度处理系统,处理BOD5/NH3-N比为0.13～0.22,BOD5/COD比仅0.11左右的老龄化垃圾渗滤液。在水力停留时间不变的条件下,采用同步培养驯化法,控制生化系统DO值在3～4 mg/L,回流比为400%～500%,pH≥7.2,考察了处理系统对垃圾渗滤液中主要污染物的去除情况和MLSS、pH和SV30等运行指标的变化情况,结果表明,生化系统出水的NH3-N去除率>99%,COD平均去除率>50%;NF系统出水的COD去除率≥91%,NH3-N浓度<8 mg/L,且回收率≥75%,出水完全达到GB16889-2008标准中表2的污染物浓度限值和提标改造的要求。     

新型阶梯式人工湿地处理生活污水的研究

采用一种新型阶梯式人工湿地处理生活污水,考察了该工艺对COD、BOD5、NH3-N、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)的去除效果,实验结果表明,当水力负荷约为0.44 m3/(m2.d),水力停留时间为3 d时,湿地对COD、BOD5、NH3-N、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)的去除效果较好,平均去除率分别达到90.6%、87.9%、66.7%、63.4%和92.6%,出水COD约为14.1～30.8 mg/L,BOD5约为8.2～13.1 mg/L,NH3-N约为9.9～19.6 mg/L,TN约为17.3～28.7 mg/L,TP小于1.2 mg/L,出水水质优于农田灌溉水质标准(GB5084-2005)。植物种植长状况、温度变化及进水污染物浓度等因素对湿地处理效率有较大影响,总体上来讲,温度大于24℃、植物种植密度越大、进水污染物浓度越低处理效果越好。     

Fenton试剂-石灰法预处理土霉素废水

采用Fenton试剂-石灰法预处理土霉素废水,结果表明,在适宜条件下对不同浓度的废水进行处理,CODcr去除率可达71％以上,废水的可生化性(BOD5／CODcr)由0．1提高到0．4以上;实验还对土霉素纯品进行处理,通过对处理前后的Uv—Vis光谱分析证实了彻底去除土霉素是废水可生化性提高的主要原因。     

喹禾灵含酚废水混凝氧化效果的试验研究

选用三氯化铁作混凝剂,次氯酸钠作氧化剂,研究了混凝剂和氧化剂的投加量、pH及不同的反应时间对喹禾灵含酚废水处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,混凝剂最佳投加量为8．0g／L,最佳pH为9～10;氧化剂最佳投加量为50mL/L(有效氯为5．2％)．最佳pH为2～3。在最佳条件下,废水经混凝氧化后,其CODc,、对苯二酚、色度的去除率分别达98．12％、97．26％、99．00％。     

南宁市大气颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM2.5污染水平研究

2002年在南宁市的5个典型城市功能区内,共采集了125个大气样品(按季节分别采集),初步调查了大气中颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM2.5的污染状况。结果表明,南宁市TSP、PM10、PM2.5的污染很严重,超标率分别为67．5％、82．5％、92．5％,对人体健康危害更大的PM2．5占到了PM10的63．5％左右。重污染区PM2.5的浓度超过轻污染区近一倍。     

放电等离子体与饲养酵母联合处理味精废水的初步研究

对采用放电等离子体与饲养酵母联合处理味精废水进行了初步研究。结果表明，放电等离子体预处理后废水的CODcr值普遍升高，但经假丝酵母联合处理后CODCr去除率增加了38．3％，效果明显优于仅采用饲养酵母法处理的味精废水，说明放电等离子体预处理可使味精废水中的有机大分子破坏成小分子，有利于生物降解，为味精废水治理提供了一条新的途径。实验初步研究了联合处理后的CODcr去除率与预处理电压、预处理电流、预处理次数的关系，结果表明存在相应的最优值。     

up-BAF同步硝化反硝化工艺去除污染物的机理研究

阐述了同步硝化反硝化的原理,研究了上向流曝气生物滤池(up—BAF)同步硝化反硝化工艺对城市生活污水的处理效果及规律。研究结果表明,同步硝化反硝化工艺对COD、NH3-N的去除率随填料高度的增加而增加,最下层50cm厚滤料去除污染物的效果最好,该工艺脱氮效果不理想,TN去除率只有30％左右。当水力负荷在2．39m／h以下时,水力负荷对COD、NH3-N去除的影响较小。     

催化电解法去除渗滤液中COD、NH3-N的动力学研究

渗滤液的SBR出水中COD、NH3-N的去除实验研究表明，在一定条件下，电解1000mL渗滤液的SBR出水，30min时，NH3-N几乎全部去除，2h时，COD的去除率达93．5％COD、NH3-N的去除反应符合一级反应。其速率常数随电流密度的增大、电极间距的减小而增大。     

新型沸石填料间歇硝化反应器的研究

介绍一种新型沸石填料 ,用于提高生物脱氮系统中硝化反应器的硝化性能。试验结果表明 ,应用了沸石填料的硝化反应器的硝化性能得到了显著提高 ,在脱氮效率和速率上 ,与普通生物载体硝化反应器相比具有明显的优势。硝化反应器连续运行 17d ,出水氨氮基本在 1mg/L以下 ,氨氮去除率在 97%以上。该系统停止运行 5 0d后再次启动 ,一周内硝化性能得以恢复     

Trace metals, anions and polybromodiphenyl ethers in settled indoor dust and their association

Contaminants in settled indoor dust are potentially health hazardous to human. Thus, identification and quantification of toxic chemicals in settled indoor dust is of great concern. In this study, the levels of major anions ( $ \mathrm{C}{{\mathrm{l}}^{-}},\mathrm{N}{{\mathrm{O}}_2}^{-},\mathrm{B}{{\mathrm{r}}^{-}},\mathrm{N}{{\mathrm{O}}_3}^{-},\mathrm{P}{{\mathrm{O}}_4}^{3-}\,\mathrm{and}\,\mathrm{S}{{\mathrm{O}}_4}^{2- } $ ), trace metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Pb) and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in settled office and home dust were determined and correlations between the contaminants investigated. Depending on the available materials in both microenvironments, the most possible sources were identified. The results showed that the settled office dusts (n?=?6 pooled samples from 85 offices) were more contaminated than home dusts (n?=?8 homes). For anions, $ \mathrm{S}{{\mathrm{O}}_4}^{2- } $ and Cl^– accounted for 87 and 97 % of the total office and home dust contaminants, respectively. For trace metals, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn, accounted for 98 % of the contaminants in both office and home dust samples. Fe exhibited the highest percentage of 76.7 and 87.3 % in office and home dust samples, respectively. For PBDEs, the mean concentrations detected in office and home dust ranged between 5.8–86.3 and 1.5–20.6 ng?g^?1, respectively. The log-transformed correlation between the total concentrations of trace metals and major anions detected in offices and homes was positive for offices and negative for homes with a statistically significant values (r?=?0.73, p?<?0.01; r?= ?0.22, p?<?0.01, respectively). The daily exposure rates determined for the most hazardous such as As, Cd, Pb and PBDEs congeners, relative to the individual concentrations reported in the literature in settled indoor dust, were found very lower. Therefore, maybe it is possible to expect less potential health risk. Investigation of formation of coordination compounds between trace metals and PBDEs congeners is possible; however, this requires further study.     

Chlortetracycline and tylosin runoff from soils treated with antimicrobial containing manure

This study assessed the runoff potential of tylosin and chlortetracycline (CTC) from soils treated with manure from swine fed rations containing the highest labeled rate of each chemical. Slurry manures from the swine contained either CTC at 108 μ g/g or tylosin at 0.3 μ g/g. These manures were surface applied to clay loam, silty clay loam, and silt loam soils at a rate of 0.22 Mg/ha. In one trial, tylosin was applied directly to the soil surface to examine runoff potential of water and chemical when manure was not present. Water was applied using a sprinkler infiltrometer 24-hr after manure application with runoff collected incrementally every 5 min for about 45 min. A biofilm crust formed on all manure-treated surfaces and infiltration was impeded with > 70% of the applied water collected as runoff. The total amount of CTC collected ranged from 0.9 to 3.5% of the amount applied whereas tylosin ranged from 8.4 to 12%. These data indicate that if surface-applied manure contains antimicrobials, runoff could lead to offsite contamination.     

Dynamic chemical characteristics of soil solution after pig manure application: a column study

When manures from intensive livestock operations are applied to agricultural or vegetable fields at a high rate, large amounts of salts and metals will be introduced into soils. Using a column leaching experiment, this study assessed the leaching potential of the downward movement of Cu and Zn as well as some salt ions after an intensive farm pig manure at rates of 0%, 5% and 10% (w/w) were applied to the top 20 cm of two different textured soils (G soil -sandy loam soil; H soil-silty clay loam soil), and investigated the growth of amaranth and Cu and Zn transfer from soil to amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor). Soil solutions were obtained at 20, 40 and 60 cm depth of the packed column and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic matter (DOC) and Cu and Zn concentrations. The results indicated that application of pig manure containing Cu and Zn to sandy loam soil might cause higher leaching and uptake risk than silty clay loam soil, especially at high application rates. And manure amendment at 5% and 10% significantly decreased the biomass of amaranth, in which the salt impact rather than Cu and Zn toxicity from manures played more important role in amaranth growth. Thus the farmer should avoid application the high rate of pig manure containing metal and salt to soil at a time, especially in sandy soil.