强化UV/Fenton法降解水中苯酚的研究

研究了UV/Fenton法处理含苯酚废水时H2 O2 和FeSO4 加入量及苯酚初始浓度对酚去除效果的影响及C2 O2 -4 对UV/Fenton法的增强效果。 [H2 O2 ]=2 0mmol/L ,[FeSO4 ]=5mmol/L ,反应 2 0min ,苯酚初始浓度为 5 0mg/L时 ,酚去除率达 99%。UV/Fenton体系中引入C2 O2 -4 后可有效提高对紫外和可见光的利用率 ,进而提高了对高浓度苯酚废水去除效果     

三维电极/电-Fenton法降解苯酚

采用电-Fenton耦合三维电极法处理苯酚模拟废水,研究了活性炭作为第三电极的三维电极体系中苯酚的去除效果,重点考察了常温下初始pH值、电流强度、Fe²⁺浓度等因素对苯酚降解的影响。结果表明：在常温下,曝气速率20 L/min,初始pH=3,电流强度为0.3 A/m²,Fe²⁺浓度为0.1 mmol/L,反应时间60 min时,废水的苯酚的氧化降解率为91%,COD去除率为64%。在此条件下,三维电极/电-Fenton表现出较强的氧化能力,具有较好的去除效果,可应用于含苯酚废水的处理。     

光/电法氨氮降解过程中协同作用的研究

为了研究光/电法在氨氮降解过程中的协同作用,采用光/电法降解模拟工业循环冷却水中的氨氮,并对氨氮降解过程中的各影响因素进行了研究,考察了氯离子浓度和溶液pH对降解效率的影响。结果表明,与传统的光催化法和电化学法相比,光/电法在氨氮降解过程中存在良好的协同效应,因而具有更高的氨氮去除率,这主要归功于溶液氯离子的促进作用。另外,在酸性条件下,氨氮降解效率得到进一步加强。当pH在4~5之间,电流密度为10 mA/cm2,NaCl浓度为100 mg/L时,在经过90 min光/电法处理后氨氮去除率高达95%,且N2占总氨氮降解产物的84.2%。     

电-Fenton法降解TNT弹药销毁废水

2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)弹药销毁废水的色度高、毒性大、不易生化降解。采用电Fenton法降解TNT弹药销毁废水。研究了电压(U)、极板间距(D)、初始pH、H2O2投加量(M)、n(Fe2+)/n(H2O2)摩尔比及反应时间(T)对废水COD去除率的影响;优化了反应条件:在U=8 V,D=1 cm,初始pH=3,M(H2O2) =0.0916 mol/L,n(Fe2+)/n(H2O2)=1:30,T=4 h的条件下,废水的COD去除率大于86%,出水的其余指标如色度、氨氮、pH、TNT含量等各指标经国标法测量均达标。通过对反应动力学方程的分析,得出该实验基本符合二级反应动力学。该法操作简单实用,是处理该废水行之有效的方法。     

Fe(II)EDTA/H_2O_2电催化降解甲基橙模拟废水的研究

在无隔膜电解槽中,采用SPR(Ru-Ir-TiO_2)为阳极,石墨为阴极,考察了Fe(II)EDTA/H_2O_2电催化降解甲基橙(methyl orange)模拟废水的影响,发现EDTA很大程度上促进了类电Fenton试剂对甲基橙模拟废水的降解.实验研究表明,在外加电压为5.0v,EDTA:Fe~(2+) =2:1(摩尔比,Fe~(2+) =40 mmol/L),H_2O_2=48 mmol/L,电解质Na_2SO_4=40 mmol/L,废水pH值为(6.5±0.1)的条件下,降解260 mg/L的甲基橙模拟废水90 min,EDTA的加入可以使甲基橙模拟废水的脱色率由29.5%上升到78.4%,COD由571.429 mg/L降至80 mg/L,COD的降解率为86%,EDTA在此过程中既是催化剂又是反应物,可有效避免EDTA带来二次环境污染的可能性.     

Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA/H2O2电催化降解甲基橙模拟废水的研究

在无隔膜电解槽中,采用SPR(Ru-Ir-Ti0₂)为阳极,石墨为阴极,考察了Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA/H₂O₂电催化降解甲基橙(methyl orange)模拟废水的影响,发现EDTA很大程度上促进了类电Fenton试剂对甲基橙模拟废水的降解。实验研究表明,在外加电压为5.0 V,EDTA∶Fe²⁺=2∶1(摩尔比,Fe²⁺=40 mmol/L),H₂O₂=48 mmol/L,电解质Na₂SO₄=40 mmol/L,废水pH值为(6.5±0.1)的条件下,降解260 mg/L的甲基橙模拟废水90 min, EDTA的加入可以使甲基橙模拟废水的脱色率由29.5%上升到78.4%,COD由571.429 mg/L降至80 mg/L,COD的降解率为86%,EDTA在此过程中既是催化剂又是反应物,可有效避免EDTA带来二次环境污染的可能性。     

阴极电生H_2O_2及电-Fenton法降解甲基橙

对石墨-PTFE阴极的主要制作参数和在无隔膜系统中电生H2O2的主要工艺参数进行了研究。结果发现,石墨与PTFE的质量比为4∶1~3∶1之间的石墨-PTFE阴极经350℃1 h煅烧后性能最好。采用磁力搅拌代替通常的氧气扩散和空气鼓泡等供氧方法,可简化系统的供氧设备,降低废水的处理成本,更易于放大和实施,且可充分利用阳极电生的氧气。石墨-PTFE阴极有较好的稳定性,重复使用10次之后,电生H2O2的活性没有下降。在由石墨-PTFE阴极和铁阳极组成的电-Fenton系统中对甲基橙溶液进行了降解,脱色效果显著。     

模拟太阳光协同三维电极/电Fenton降解甲基橙

以TiO2纳米管为阳极、石墨电极为阴极、泡沫镍颗粒为粒子电极组成新型的模拟太阳光协同三维电极/电Fenton(3D/SPEF)体系降解甲基橙。研究了该体系的协同处理效果,以及该体系降解甲基橙的影响因素和反应动力学。结果表明:模拟太阳光与3D/EF体系光电催化联合处理表现出良好的协同效应,其处理能耗仅为3D/EF的9/16;协同体系降解甲基橙过程的表观反应动力学总级数为0.97;通过单因素实验确定协同体系最优反应条件为:电压为15 V、初始pH为7、甲基橙初始浓度为50 mg/L、Fe2+投加量为1 mmol/L,甲基橙的去除率达到93.77%,3D/SPEF体系在中性条件更有利于甲基橙的降解,克服了常规三维电极/电Fenton一般只能在酸性条件下进行的不足。     

脱水污泥基铁炭复合材料用于光Fenton催化降解有机污染物

为实现市政脱水污泥资源化并达到简化制备工艺、节省试剂的目的,采用提前掺杂铁盐的方式一步热解制备铁炭复合催化材料。首先,固定温度为850 ℃,探究铁盐的最佳掺杂量;随后,固定铁盐掺杂比,对其制备温度进行优化。实验共制备了8种材料,选取其中4种代表性材料做XRD、FT-IR、SEM等表征,并选取催化效果最佳的材料探究其可循环性及其在不同pH下对罗丹明B和对硝基苯酚的去除效果。结果表明：铁盐与干污泥的质量比为1∶1、焙烧温度为750 ℃条件下制备材料的催化效果最佳;材料表面形成了具有一定孔隙和花型片状结构,而且存在多种含铁化合物;在pH=7的条件下,对罗丹明B、对硝基苯酚的降解率分别可达88.6%和97.5%。这表明,该材料具有良好的催化性能及宽广的pH适用范围。铁炭复合材料经5次循环使用后,罗丹明B的降解率仍然可达到93.7%,该材料具有较好的稳定性能。     

电-Fenton法预处理青霉素废水的降解规律研究

研究电-Fenton法预处理青霉素钠(penicillin G sodium,PGN)模拟废水的降解规律,分析预处理过程中PGN浓度、COD、TOC的变化情况及BOD5/COD改善情况.当T=20℃、pH=3时,投加0.5g/L FeSO4、0.2 mL/L H2O2,于0.3 A电流下降解浓度为100 mg/L的PGN废水,120 min后PGN去除97.9%,COD去除76.7%,TOC去除59.8%,BOD5/COD由0升至0.4,有效提高了废水的可生化性.以红外光谱(infrared spectrogram,IR)和液相色谱-质谱联用(Liquid chromatogramMass chromatogram,LC-MS)检测青霉素钠的降解产物,说明青霉素钠抑菌的关键结构b-内酰胺环被破坏,抗菌性消失,有助于生物处理有效去除.     

非平衡等离子体降解废水中有机污染物研究进展

非平衡等离子体废水处理技术是以高活性粒子氧化为主,协同紫外光降解和液电空穴效应等于一体的高级氧化技术,极具发展前景。本文简述其技术原理,对比了不同结构反应器的优缺点,评述了等离子体与其他高级氧化技术协同作用在废水处理方面的应用,提出了其有待解决的问题及发展方向,以期为研发与应用起到借鉴作用。     

Degradation of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton methods.

This study describes the degradation of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton. Using indole as a model nitrogen-heterocyclic compound, the removal of indole reached 68% and 97% by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton, respectively, while the decay of TOC was 15% and 38% correspondingly. By the analysis of ultraviolet-visible spectra and liquid chromatography/mass spectrum, the degradation mechanism of indole by electro-Fenton was proposed as hydroxyl oxidation and anodic oxidation. The degradation of other NHCs including quinoline, isoquinoline and pyridine by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton revealed the same sequence: quinoline approximately equal isoquinoline > indole > pyridine. A significant correlation between ln k (natural logarithm of rate constants) and E(LUMO) (the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit) was obtained by quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. Degradation of coking plant wastewater showed the removal of COD and TOC were 42% and 22% respectively after 180 min treatment by electro-Fenton.     

铁阳极电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B染料废水

对铁阳极电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B染料废水过程进行了实验研究.考察了电流密度、染料溶液初始pH值、电介质浓度及种类、温度、染料浓度等因素对脱色效率的影响.结果表明,在一定实验条件下,活性黑KN-B模拟废水的脱色效率达93%;电流强度、染料浓度、电解液初始pH值及电解质的种类对染料溶液脱色效率影响显著,电解液温度、电解质的浓度对脱色效率的影响不明显;以铁为阳极的原位电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B模拟废水混凝过程中主要作用机理以吸附电性中和为主;电凝聚过程中活性黑KN-B在阴极上发生了还原反应.     

Degradation of clofibric acid in acidic aqueous medium by electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton

Acidic aqueous solutions of clofibric acid (2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid), the bioactive metabolite of various lipid-regulating drugs, have been degraded by indirect electrooxidation methods such as electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton with Fe(2+) as catalyst using an undivided electrolytic cell with a Pt anode and an O(2)-diffusion cathode able to electrogenerate H(2)O(2). At pH 3.0 about 80% of mineralization is achieved with the electro-Fenton method due to the efficient production of oxidant hydroxyl radical from Fenton's reaction between Fe(2+) and H(2)O(2), but stable Fe(3+) complexes are formed. The photoelectro-Fenton method favors the photodecomposition of these species under UVA irradiation, reaching more than 96% of decontamination. The mineralization current efficiency increases with rising metabolite concentration up to saturation and with decreasing current density. The photoelectro-Fenton method is then viable for treating acidic wastewaters containing this pollutant. Comparative degradation by anodic oxidation (without Fe(2+)) yields poor decontamination. Chloride ion is released during all degradation processes. The decay kinetics of clofibric acid always follows a pseudo-first-order reaction, with a similar rate constant in electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton that increases with rising current density, but decreases at greater metabolite concentration. 4-Chlorophenol, 4-chlorocatechol, 4-chlororesorcinol, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone and 1,2,4-benzenetriol, along with carboxylic acids such as 2-hydroxyisobutyric, tartronic, maleic, fumaric, formic and oxalic, are detected as intermediates. The ultimate product is oxalic acid, which forms very stable Fe(3+)-oxalato complexes under electro-Fenton conditions. These complexes are efficiently photodecarboxylated in photoelectro-Fenton under the action of UVA light.     

Degradation of organic pollutants in Mediterranean forest soils amended with sewage sludge

The degradation of two groups of organic pollutants in three different Mediterranean forest soils amended with sewage sludge was studied for nine months. The sewage sludge produced by a domestic water treatment plant was applied to soils developed from limestone, marl and sandstone, showing contrasting alkalinity and texture. The compounds analysed were: linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) with a 10–13 carbon alkylic chain, and nonylphenolic compounds, including nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylates with one and two ethoxy groups (NP1EO + NP2EO). These compounds were studied because they frequently exceed the limits proposed for sludge application to land in Europe. After nine months, LAS decomposition was 86–96%, and NP + NP1EO + NP2EO decomposition was 61–84%, which can be considered high. Temporal trends in LAS and NP + NP1EO + NP2EO decomposition were similar, and the concentrations of both types of compounds were highly correlated. The decomposition rates were higher in the period of 6–9 months (summer period) than in the period 0–6 months (winter + spring period) for total LAS and NP + NP1EO + NP2EO. Differences in decay rates with regard to soil type were not significant. The average values of decay rates found are similar to those observed in agricultural soils.     

Transformation characteristics of refractory pollutants in plugboard wastewater by an optimal electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton process

The treatment of the plugboard wastewater was performed by an optimal electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton. The organic components with suspended fractions accounting for 30% COD were preferably removed via electrocoagulation at initial 5 min. In contrast, the removal efficiency was increased to 76% with the addition of H(2)O(2). The electrogenerated Fe(2+) reacts with H(2)O(2) and leads to the generation of (·)OH, which is responsible for the higher COD removal. However, overdosage H(2)O(2) will consume (·)OH generated in the electro-Fenton process and lead to the low COD removal. The COD removal efficiency decreased with the increased pH. The concentration of Fe(2+) ions was dependent on the solution pH, H(2)O(2) dosage and current density. The changes of organic characteristics in coagulation and oxidation process were differenced and evaluated using gel permeation chromatography, fluorescence excitation-emission scans and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fraction of the wastewater with aromatic structure and large molecular weight was decomposed into aliphatic structure and small molecular weight fraction in the electro-Fenton process.     

Recent updates on electrochemical degradation of bio-refractory organic pollutants using BDD anode: a mini review

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is playing an important role in environmental electrochemistry and has been successfully applied to the degradation of various bio-refractory organic pollutants. However, the review concerning recent progress in this research area is still very limited. This mini-review updated recent advances on the removal of three kinds of bio-refractory wastewaters including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes using BDD electrode. It summarized the important parameters in three electrochemical oxidation processes, i.e., anodic oxidation (AO), electro-Fenton (EF), and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) and compared their different degradation mechanisms and behaviors. As an attractive improvement of PEF, solar photoelectro-Fenton using sunlight as UV/vis source presented cost-effectiveness, in which the energy consumption for enrofloxacin removal was 0.246 kWh/(g TOC), which was much lower than that of 0.743 and 0.467 kWh/(g TOC) by AO and EF under similar conditions. Finally the existing problems and future prospects in research were suggested.