表面活性物质对HPMA阻垢缓蚀性能的影响

表面活性物质的加入可明显提高水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)的阻垢、缓蚀性能,且不同表面活性物质影响程度不同,通过剩余硬度法测定阻垢性能,静态失重法测定缓蚀性能,从而比较异丙醇、葡萄糖酸钠对HPMA阻垢、缓蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明,异丙醇与HPMA复合使用时效果较好,阻垢率达到 79 0 %,缓蚀率达 70 7%,且阻垢率随Ca2 + 浓度增大而增大。     

羧甲基壳聚糖吸附铜离子性能研究

对羧甲基壳聚糖与Cu^2 的吸附作用进行了研究，探讨了反应时间，离子强度、溶液的pH值、羧甲基取代度、温度等因素对吸附性能的影响。与壳聚糖及水溶性低聚壳聚糖相比，羧甲基壳聚糖对铜离子具有更强的络合能力。     

腐殖酸的缓蚀阻垢探讨研究

用失重法研究了腐殖酸缓蚀阻垢性能，结果表明，用现场水质，不预膜，投加量为150ppm，缓蚀率达95％以上。     

运河水阻垢、缓蚀试验研究

针对水源为运河水的江苏某电厂循环冷却水,通过静态、动态阻垢、缓蚀试验对常用的单体阻垢荆及其复配阻垢荆进行了阻垢、缓蚀性能试验研究.试验结果表明,在阻垢剂总浓度为4 mg/L,缓蚀剂BTA浓度为1 mg/L时,两阻垢剂复配配方HPMA+HEDP和PBTC+HEDP的阻垢、缓蚀效果较好,浓缩倍率分别可达到3.1和3.2,满足了电厂循环冷却水系统经济、高效运行的要求.     

含氮有机膦及其叔胺氧化物阻垢缓蚀性能现场应用研究

本文报道了含氮有机膦及其叔胺氧化物在冷却水系统中的缓蚀与阻垢性能,结果表明,叔胺氧化物与Na_2MoO_4复配时呈现出良好的协同效应.     

N-羧甲基壳聚糖的制备表征及性能研究

通过乙醛酸与壳聚糖形成西佛碱,用硼氢化钠还原制备N位取代的羧甲基壳聚糖,采用FT-IR、X-ray、NMR分析手段对分子结构进行表征。吸湿保湿性能研究发现取代度较低的N-羧甲基壳聚糖吸湿性能较好,保湿性能随着羧甲基取代度的增加而增强。通过羟基磷灰石、骨胶原与N-羧甲基壳聚糖制备了新型的复合生物材料,与没有添加N-羧甲基壳聚糖的复合材料相比较,发现具有良好的机械性能和溶涨性能。     

微波法制0-羧甲基壳聚糖及其絮凝性研究

本研究采用两步微波法制备了0-羧甲基壳聚糖，并将其用于处理模拟染料废水及实际印染废水。研究表明，微波法合成0-羧甲基壳聚糖缩短了反应时间，且产物具有良好的絮凝性能。pH为4～6，投加量30～60mg／L时，对各种模拟染料废水的脱色率均在90％以上；pH值为5，投加量为50mg／L时，对实际印染废水的色度、浊度和COD的去除率分别达到93．4％、94．6％、90．2％。     

羧甲基壳聚糖两性混凝剂对高岭土的混凝特性

采用烧杯混凝实验和Zeta电位研究了羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)对高岭土模拟水样的混凝特性,考察了水力条件、pH值、混凝剂投加量和原水浊度对混凝性能的影响。结果表明,混凝效果受悬浊液pH值、原水浊度和CMCS投加量的影响较为明显,而水力条件的差异对混凝效果的影响不明显。达到最佳混凝效果所需CMCS投加量随pH值增加而增加,随原水浊度的增加而减少。而在最佳CMCS投加量时,浊度去除率随着原水浊度的降低而降低。高岭土悬浊液pH为5、CMCS投加量在0.1⁵.0 mg/L的范围内时混凝效果较佳,沉降15 min后剩余浊度降至10 NTU以下,去除率达到95%。吸附架桥和电性中和是CMCS的主要混凝作用机理,混凝反应条件不同时,起主导作用的混凝机理不同,CMCS对高岭土的混凝是多种机制共同作用的动态变化过程。     

羧甲基壳聚糖絮凝剂的研制及其应用研究

用氯乙酸对壳聚糖进行化学改性,制备了羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC),探讨了原料用量、反应温度及反应时间等因素对羧甲基取代度(羧化度DS)的影响,并用红外光谱(IR)对其结构进行了表征。海水的絮凝实验结果表明羧甲基壳聚糖能有效去除海水的浊度和化学需氧量(COD),最佳条件下浊度去除率可达到95%,COD去除率为55%左右。羧甲基壳聚糖在海水的絮凝处理中有良好的应用前景。     

羧甲基壳聚糖-葡聚糖微球对氟离子吸附性能研究

制备了高效复合生物吸附剂,并将其应用于脱除污染水体中的氟离子.实验采用羧甲基壳聚糖复配葡聚糖,以微球质构(硬度、弹性)和对氟离子的吸附率为指标,优化配比,制备羧甲基壳聚糖-葡聚糖复合微球,并利用扫描电镜表征微球结构,对微球在不同p H下的稳定性进行研究;然后以TGA/DTA测定其热稳定性,采用FTIR表征结构,并进一步探讨复合微球吸附氟离子的动力学和热力学.结果表明,羧甲基壳聚糖、葡聚糖最佳添加量分别为5%和1%,经5%的甲醛-戊二醛(1∶1)交联3 h,得到的复合微球在p H≤11、温度270℃下稳定性好,对水溶液中氟离子吸附为二级动力学机制,且微球与氟离子发生单层分子之间吸附,以及具有物理吸附特征的表面吸附,去除率可达到96%.研究结果对生物吸附剂的开发及对水环境保护具有一定意义.     

用聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶吸附单价阳离子染料的研究

研究了用聚 (丙烯酸 丙烯酰胺 ) [P(AAc AAm) ]水凝胶对较高较大浓度范围 (10 -6— 10 -2 mol L)的阳离子染料碱性藏花红 (SafranineT)溶液的吸附过程和水凝胶经解吸后的再吸附性质 .实验结果表明 :增大P(AAc AAm)水凝胶的交联度和电荷比值有利于吸附过程的进行 ,并强化了引发过程 (initiationprocess)而抑制了协同过程 (cooperativeprocess) .水凝胶经解吸后 ,其吸附能力大大地增强 ,复合度 (β)超过 1,约为 1 5 ,此时 ,协同性和染料分子间的疏水相互作用起了主要作用     

海洋中丙烯酸的研究进展

丙烯酸是海洋中的短链脂肪酸,是海洋中主要含硫化合物DMSP(dimethylsulfoniopropionate,β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐)裂解的产物之一。本文综述了海洋中丙烯酸的来源、性质、在海洋中的作用以及海水中丙烯酸的测定方法。通过观测海水中丙烯酸的含量、分布及生物地球化学循环过程,有助于了解丙烯酸对海洋生态系统碳循环和硫循环的贡献。并对海洋中丙烯酸的进一步研究提出了展望。     

Synthesis and scale inhibitor performance of polyaspartic acid

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) has been extensively studied in recent years as a green scale inhibitor. PASP was synthesized by thermal polycondensation of maleic anhydride and ammonium carbonate in this study. The optimal polycondensation reaction conditions were the raw material (maleic anhydride and ammonium carbonate) molar ratio of 1.0:1.2, the polymerization temperature of 180°C and reaction time of 2.0 hr. The results showed that PASP exhibits very good scale inhibiting performance. The inhibition rate was 95% for calcium carbonate and 90% for calcium sulfate by the application of 5 mg/L PASP.     

Study on polyepoxysuccinic acid reverse osmosis scale inhibitor

The effectiveness and applicability of polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) as a reverse osmosis (RO) scale inhibitor were studied using static and dynamic methods. In the static study, PESA performed very well in the treatment of water samples with various types of scale that commonly exist in RO water (i.e., CaCO₃, CaSO₄, BaSO₄, SrSO₄), showing an average scale inhibition ratio of above 90% at a dosage of 10 mg/L. SEM analysis showed a disordered CaCO₃ crystal in the presence of PESA, suggesting the scale-inhibiting mechanism. In the dynamic experiment, PESA also showed great performance in the treatment of 10 samples of synthetic tap water or sea water with different ion composition (i.e., Ca²⁺, HCO₃^?, Fe³⁺, Al³⁺). After one cycle (7 d) of RO treatment of each sample at full recycle operation mode under a constant pressure of 1×10⁶ Pa, the differences in water permeability and desalination ratio among samples are within 5%, suggesting that PESA is capable of treating waters of different quality, and has a strong resistance to ions that are harmful to scale inhibiting (i.e., Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺). All these results suggest that PESA should be an effective scale inhibitor that is applicable to RO treatment of waters with a wide range of ion compositions.     

Review on corrosion and corrosion scale formation upon unlined cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems

The qualified finished water from water treatment plants (WTPs) may become discolored and deteriorated during transportation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), which affected tap water quality seriously. This water stability problem often occurs due to pipe corrosion and the destabilization of corrosion scales. This paper provides a comprehensive review of pipe corrosion in DWDSs, including corrosion process, corrosion scale formation, influencing factors and monitoring technologies utilized in DWDSs. In terms of corrosion process, corrosion occurrence, development mechanisms, currently applied assays, and indices used to determine the corrosion possibility are summarized, as well as the chemical and bacterial influences. In terms of scale formation, explanations for the nature of corrosion and scale formation mechanisms are discussed and its typical multilayered structure is illustrated. Furthermore, the influences of water quality and microbial activity on scale transformation are comprehensively discussed. Corrosion-related bacteria at the genus level and their associated corrosion mechanism are also summarized. This review helps deepen the current understanding of pipe corrosion and scale formation in DWDSs, providing guidance for water supply utilities to ensure effective measures to maintain water quality stability and guarantee drinking water safety.     

Effects of acid deposition on corrosion of metals

This paper tries to analyse the principles of expressing the effect of acid deposition and general atmospheric pollution in the theory of atmospheric corrosion, with a special view to single metals, types of environment and to the progress states of the corrosion process. Deeper knowledge of the character of the deposits and their changes in the dynamic system, together with the need to describe better newly arising metal-environment system, lead to more sophisticated experimental methods and interpretations. The corrosivity classification system and methods of deriving atmospheric corrosivity are further discussed. The importance of ongoing international testing programs is mentioned.     

Temperature dependence of the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on Arizona test dust

In this study, the temperature dependence of the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on Arizona test dust(ATD) has been investigated within a temperature range of 255–315 K using a Knudsen cell reactor. Combined with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) experiment, it was found that acrylic acid could adsorb on ATD via surface OH groups and convert to carboxylate on the particle surface. The kinetics study suggests that the initial true uptake coefficient(γt) of acrylic acid on ATD decreases from(4.02 ± 0.12) × 10~(-5) to(1.73 ± 0.05) × 10~/(-5)with a temperature increase from 255 to315 K. According to the temperature dependence of uptake coefficients, the enthalpy(ΔH obs)and entropy(ΔS obs) of uptake processes were determined to be-(9.60 ± 0.38) KJ/mol and-(121.55 ± 1.33) J·K/mol, respectively. The activation energy for desorption(E des) was calculated to be(14.57 ± 0.60) KJ/mol. These results indicated that the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on ATD surface was sensitive to temperature. The heterogeneous uptake on ATD could affect the concentration of acrylic acid in the atmosphere, especially at low temperature.     

铁盐絮体预负载-超滤除锑(V)效能研究

采用"铁盐絮体预负载-超滤"耦合工艺,有效提高了水中金属锑的去除效果,缓解超滤污染.结果表明,当水样p H<7时,锑(V)的去除效率高达98%以上,且出水锑(V)浓度远低于5μg/L;腐殖酸去除效果在不同化学条件下均能保持95%以上.铁盐絮体预负载层能作为超滤膜的屏障,减少了超滤膜接触污染物几率,当水样p H=6时,不可逆污染的相对值最低为0.015.     

Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions using waste textiles/poly(acrylic acid) composite synthesized by radical polymerization technique

Waste textiles(WTs) are the inevitable outcome of human activity and should be separated and recycled in view of sustainable development. In this work, WT was modified through grafting with acrylic acid(AA) via radical polymerization process using ceric ammonium nitrate(CAN) as an initiator and microwave and/or UV irradiation as energy supply. The acrylic acid-grafted waste textiles(WT-g-AA) thus obtained was then used as an adsorbent to remove Pb(Ⅱ) from Pb(Ⅱ)-containing wastewater. The effects of p H, initial concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ) and adsorbent dose were investigated, and around 95% Pb(Ⅱ) can be removed from the aqueous solution containing 10 mg/L at p H 6.0–8.0. The experimental adsorption isotherm data was fitted to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of35.7 mg Pb/g WT-g-AA. The Pb-absorbed WT-g-AA was stripped using dilute nitric acid solution and the adsorption capacity of Pb-free material decreased from 95.4%(cycle 1) to91.1%(cycle 3). It was considered that the WT-g-AA adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ) may be realized through the ion-exchange mechanism between \COOH and Pb(Ⅱ). The promising results manifested that WT-g-AA powder was an efficient, eco-friendly and reusable adsorbent for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater.