浅谈沱江泸州大磨子水质自动监测系统的改进

本文对沱江流域泸州大磨子水质自动监测系统运行初期的部分改进进行了分析与陈述，并根据对长江流域泸州沱江二桥水质自动监测站和泸州大磨子水质自动监测站的经验，总结出该系统部分改进前后的利与弊，希望能给岷、沱江流域各水质自动监测站的管理人员和仪器设备商提供借鉴。     

集安上活龙水质自动站在线生物毒性仪通过国家验收

2012年,国家环境监测总站在全国范围内选择了10个自动监测站作为生物毒性仪的试点单位,集安鸭绿江上活龙水质自动监测站成为试点单位之一。2013年1月,该站在线生物毒性仪经过3个月的试运行,最终通过了国家验收。生物毒性仪是一套在线水监测系统,当水中有毒物质的浓度达到     

水质自动监测站应急制度建设情况探讨

我国水质自动监测站大多分布在边远地区,通过建立以应急制度文件架构、应急监测系统基本情况介绍、监测工作安排、应急监测清单、应急设备操作规程、应急监测结果记录表、应急监测培训及应急演练等内容为主体的水质自动站应急运行制度,可显著提高应急工作效率,顺利完成水质自动监测站应急工作。水质自动监测站应急制度建设的基本要求包括:建立一套能引起领导足够重视的水质自动监测应急管理机制,建立管理人员介入水质自动监测站工作机制,编制水质自动监测站应急管理规范。     

关于我国当前水质自动监测站管理机制的探讨

随着水质自动监测站数量的不断增加，水质自动监测站的管理问题日渐突出，由于缺乏必要的管理经验和管理制度，出现了各种各样的管理模式。水质自动监测站的建成实现了间断性人工监测向连续性自动监测的转变，实现了水质监测实时远程控制的连续性，高频次的监测结果更能客观、准确地判断断面水质的质量状况，使得河流水质评价更具科学性、准确性，能更好地服务于环境管理工作。     

“十三五”期间沱江流域水质及变化趋势

为了科学地提出沱江水污染防治的建议，系统地对前期水质情况进行梳理十分必要。根据“十三五”期间沱江流域断面的水质例行监测数据，利用内梅罗污染指数法、Spearman秩相关系数法，分析了2016～2020年沱江干流水环境质量及其变化趋势；阐述了2020年沱江流域水环境质量的时空分布。结果表明2016～2018年，干流断面中三皇庙水质相对较差，2019～2020年沱江干流沿程水质变化不大；“十三五”期间，整体上沱江流域水质变好，其中沱江干流大多数断面水质转好显著；2020年，沱江干流水质相对较好，水质较差断面位于支流，9～11月水质相对较好，3～5月水质相对较差。系统的对沱江流域水环境质量和变化趋势开展分析评价，可为沱江水环境改善及污染防治提供依据。     

自动监测在桐乡市的应用

自动监测是环境监测的一个重要组成部分。桐乡市从2004年初开始着手建设环境质量自动监测系统,到目前为止,已建成两个水质自动监测站和一个空气自动监测站。投入使用后,积累了大量有效的监测数据,显示了人工监测不可比拟的优势,大大提高了环境保护管理部门的科学决策水平。     

YX-WQMS在左卫国控点水质自动监测站的应用

官厅水系左卫国控点水质自动监测站的YX-WQMS系统，由采水系统、配水系统、在线水质分析仪器、PLC控制和数据采集举统、数据处理和传输系统，监测站房和配套设备六个部分组成。表文重点介绍了该自动监测系统的关键技术和分析权的特点。     

大兴新凤河流域地表水水质自动监测站的建设

文章基于新凤河项目,介绍了水质自动监测站建设规模、监测指标、站房要求、采水单元、配水分析单元、控制单元、清洗单元、辅助设施等.通过仪表分析数据与化验数据的对比可知,自动监测站测量的结果在正常偏差范围内,可满足使用要求,可为实现水质自动监测、河道运维及决策提供有效数据支撑.     

湟水流域水质自动监测存在的问题及建议

文章从青海环境监测管理角度出发,结合青海湟水流域水质自动监测发展现状,对流域内水质自动监测站存在的自动监测、数据传输、管理服务等方面的问题进行了总结分析,提出了适合湟水流域水质自动监测的针对性建议。     

基于MIKE11的航电枢纽建设工程水质模拟

为分析沱江干流自贡段航电枢纽建设前后对河道水质的影响,针对沱江干流污染现状,以沱江干流主要污染物COD、氨氮、TP为指标,应用MIKE 11模型建立能客观反映模拟河段水动力、水质时空演变规律的模型,分析了银蛇溪枢纽建库前后对沱江干流水质的影响。模拟结果表明:在污染负荷不增加的情况下,李家湾、黄葛浩、银蛇溪断面在建库后枯水年枯水月COD预测浓度月均值有所超标;枯水年NH3-N预测浓度较建库前增加率最高,平水年次之,丰水年最低;枢纽建设后,各断面TP浓度进一步升高。本研究以沱江自贡段航道建设工程为例,分析不同典型年下航电枢纽建设前后水质情况,研究结果可为沱江干流航电枢纽建设项目水质影响预测提供科学依据。     

饮用水中半挥发性有机物的定性检测

内江二水厂以沱江水为水源，本文通过对该水厂出厂水的液—液萃取，用色—质联机定性检测出９７种半挥发性有机物。结果表明：沱江水质的有机污染仍很严重     

基于MIKE 21的长江江山制药排污口水环境影响分析——以江山制药公司污水处理站为例

为分析长江沿岸入河排污口设置对水环境的影响,采用MIKE 21建立了长江马鞍山-高桥段二维非稳态水量水质模型,并以江山制药公司污水处理站为例,对其排污口迁址改建前后的水环境影响进行模拟.结果 表明,较于原排污口排放,拟设排污口在执行新排放标准情况下,对九圩港入江断面水质有改善作用,COD、NH3-N、TP的改善率分别为...     

事故状态下污染物排放对水环境影响的预测研究

对辽河油田欢喜岭采油厂在事故状态下污染物排放对大凌河水域环境的影响进行预测研究。计算了洪水淹没、油罐冒顶泄漏、油井井喷泄漏、联合站泄漏、管道泄漏、暴雨径流带走落地油等16种情景下对该河流水质的影响情况,并建立数学模型,进行情景模拟。研究结果表明,事故状态下对大凌河水质影响的次序由大到小依次为:洪水淹没、油罐冒顶泄漏、油井井喷泄漏、联合站泄漏、管道泄漏、暴雨径流。     

QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: To assure attainment and maintenance of desired water quality levels in our rivers and streams, systematic monitoring must be performed. A preliminary phase of the design of water quality surveillance systems is the specification of sampling frequencies and station locations throughout the basin; that is, the development of an adequate space/time sampling plan. The purpose of this paper is to present some quantitative methods which have been developed to identify candidate sets of sampling frequencies and station locations, and to establish priorities for implementing the different frequencies and locations. These methods are useful in the cost/effectiveness trade-off analyses in surveillance system design, and are based on the surveillance system objective of pollution abatement in which it is desired to detect violations in state-federal water quality standards. A spatial priority measure is developed which is dependent both on the water quality profile in the stream and on the information obtained from monitoring stations located in other reaches. Also, a temporal sampling priority rating is presented which is a measure of the effectiveness of the surveillance system with respect to its ability to detect the violations in the standards. To illustrate the quantitative methods, the procedures are applied to the Wabash River Basin.     

钻井生产过程中的环境污染及治理

随着石油钻井的快速增长,如何对污染进行有效的防治,成为一个亟待解决的课题。依据胜利油田坨767井实际情况,深入分析了钻井生产过程中产生环境污染的原因和类型,着重对废弃钻井液、废水、噪声等环境污染问题进行分析,并对防治措施进行了探讨。将污染控制变末端处理为包括源头控制、过程控制、末端治理、综合管理的全过程控制。     

Determination of Soil Erosion Risk in the Mustafakemalpasa River Basin, Turkey, Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Geographic Information System, and Remote Sensing

Sediment transport from steep slopes and agricultural lands into the Uluabat Lake (a RAMSAR site) by the Mustafakemalpasa (MKP) River is a serious problem within the river basin. Predictive erosion models are useful tools for evaluating soil erosion and establishing soil erosion management plans. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) function is a commonly used erosion model for this purpose in Turkey and the rest of the world. This research integrates the RUSLE within a geographic information system environment to investigate the spatial distribution of annual soil loss potential in the MKP River Basin. The rainfall erosivity factor was developed from local annual precipitation data using a modified Fournier index: The topographic factor was developed from a digital elevation model; the K factor was determined from a combination of the soil map and the geological map; and the land cover factor was generated from Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) images. According to the model, the total soil loss potential of the MKP River Basin from erosion by water was 11,296,063?Mg?year(-1) with an average soil loss of 11.2?Mg?year(-1). The RUSLE produces only local erosion values and cannot be used to estimate the sediment yield for a watershed. To estimate the sediment yield, sediment-delivery ratio equations were used and compared with the sediment-monitoring reports of the Dolluk stream gauging station on the MKP River, which collected data for >41?years (1964-2005). This station observes the overall efficiency of the sediment yield coming from the Orhaneli and Emet Rivers. The measured sediment in the Emet and Orhaneli sub-basins is 1,082,010?Mg?year(-1) and was estimated to be 1,640,947?Mg?year(-1) for the same two sub-basins. The measured sediment yield of the gauge station is 127.6?Mg?km(-2)?year(-1) but was estimated to be 170.2?Mg?km(-2) year(-1). The close match between the sediment amounts estimated using the RUSLE-geographic information system (GIS) combination and the measured values from the Dolluk sediment gauge station shows that the potential soil erosion risk of the MKP River Basin can be estimated correctly and reliably using the RUSLE function generated in a GIS environment.     

锦屏一级水电站对四川社会经济发展的作用

论述了锦屏一级水电站建设对四川社会经济协调发展的作用,主要包括:优化电网电源结构,促进民族地区经济发展,维护社会稳定,脱贫致富,对长江上游生态屏障建设以及对四川经济的拉动等.     

金沙江流域水土流失与人类活动影响分析

长江三峡水利枢纽工程能否正常发挥效益，泥沙是重要的制约因素之一，而水库的泥沙主要来自上游金沙江，其多年平均输沙量占入库寸滩站的５２７％。因此，本文对金沙江泥沙的地区组成、水土流失及人类活动影响等问题进行了深入的分析，并提出了防治对策。     

Analyzing the Water Budget and Hydrological Characteristics and Responses to Land Use in a Monsoonal Climate River Basin in South China

Hydrological models have been increasingly used by hydrologists and water resource managers to understand natural processes and human activities that affect watersheds. In this study, we use the physically based model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to investigate the hydrological processes in the East River Basin in South China, a coastal area dominated by monsoonal climate. The SWAT model was calibrated using 8-year (1973–1980) record of the daily streamflow at the basin outlet (Boluo station), and then validated using data collected during the subsequent 8 years (1981–1988). Statistical evaluation shows that SWAT can consistently simulate the streamflow of the East River with monthly Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies of 0.93 for calibration and 0.90 for validation at the Boluo station. We analyzed the model simulations with calibrated parameters, presented the spatiotemporal distribution of the key hydrological components, and quantified their responses to different land uses. Watershed managers can use the results of this study to understand hydrological features and evaluate water resources of the East River in terms of sustainable development and effective management.     

CALIBRATION OF STORM LOADS IN THE SOUTH PRONG WATERSHED,FLORIDA, USING BASINS/HSPF1

ABSTRACT: The South Prong watershed is a major tributary system of the Sebastian River and adjacent Indian River Lagoon. Continued urbanization of the Sebastian River drainage basin and other watersheds of the Indian River Lagoon is expected to increase runoff and nonpoint source pollutant loads. The St. Johns River Water Management District developed watershed simulation models to estimate potential impacts on the ecological systems of receiving waters and to assist planners in devising strategies to prevent further degradation of water resources. In the South Prong system, a storm water sampling program was carried out to calibrate the water quality components of the watershed model for total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorous (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). During the period of May to November 1999, water quality and flow data were collected at three locations within the watershed. Two of the sampling stations were located at the downstream end of major watercourses. The third station was located at the watershed outlet. Five storm events were sampled and measured at each station. Sampling was conducted at appropriate intervals to represent the rising limb, peak, and recession limb of each storm event. The simulations were handled by HSPF (Hydrologic Simulation Program‐Fortran). Results include calibration of the hydrology and calibration of the individual storm loads. The hydrologic calibration was continuous over the period 1994 through 1999. Simulated storm runoff, storm loads, and event mean concentrations were compared with their corresponding observed values. The hydrologic calibration showed good results. The outcome of the individual storm calibrations was mixed. Overall, however, the simulated storm loads agreed reasonably well with measured loads for a majority of the storms.