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1.
Vera A. Matrosova Ilya A. Volodin Elena V. Volodina Nina A. Vasilieva 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(8):707-715
The questions of individuality and stability of cues to identity in vocal signals are of considerable importance from theoretical
and conservation perspectives. While individuality in alarm calls has been reported for many sciurids, it is not well-documented
that the vocal identity encoded in the alarm calls is stable between different encounters with predators. Previous studies
of two obligate hibernating rodents, speckled ground squirrels Spermophilus suslicus, and yellow ground squirrels Spermophilus fulvus demonstrated that, after hibernation, most individuals could not be identified reliably by their alarm calls. Moreover, in
most speckled ground squirrels, individual patterns of alarm calls changed progressively over as little as 2 weeks. However,
these previous data have been obtained using the collection of alarm calls from trapped animals. Here, we examined ten free-ranging
dye-marked yellow ground squirrels to determine whether their alarm calls retain the cues to individuality between two encounters
of surrogate predators (humans), separated on average by 3 days. Discriminant function analysis showed that the alarm calls
of individual yellow ground squirrels were very similar within a recording session, providing very high individual distinctiveness.
However, in six of the ten animals, the alarm calls were unstable between recording sessions. Also, we examined ten dye-marked
individuals for consistency of acoustic characteristics of their alarm calls between the encounters of humans, differing in
techniques of call collection, from free-ranging vs trapped animals. We found differences only in two variables, both related
to sound degradation in the environment. Data are discussed in relation to hypotheses explaining the adaptive utility of acoustic
individuality in alarm calls. 相似文献
2.
In neonate ruminants, the acoustic structure of vocalizations may depend on sex, vocal anatomy, hormonal profiles and body mass and on environmental factors. In neonate wild-living Mongolian gazelles Procapra gutturosa, hand-captured during biomedical monitoring in the Daurian steppes at the Russian-Mongolian border, we spectrographically analysed distress calls and measured body mass of 22 individuals (6 males, 16 females). For 20 (5 male, 15 female) of these individuals, serum testosterone levels were also analysed. In addition, we measured relevant dimensions of the vocal apparatus (larynx, vocal folds, vocal tract) in one stillborn male Mongolian gazelle specimen. Neonate distress calls of either sex were high in maximum fundamental frequency (800–900 Hz), but the beginning and minimum fundamental frequencies were significantly lower in males than in females. Body mass was larger in males than in females. The levels of serum testosterone were marginally higher in males. No correlations were found between either body mass or serum testosterone values and any acoustic variable for males and females analysed together or separately. We discuss that the high-frequency calls of neonate Mongolian gazelles are more typical for closed-habitat neonate ruminants, whereas other open-habitat neonate ruminants (goitred gazelle Gazella subgutturosa, saiga antelope Saiga tatarica and reindeer Rangifer tarandus) produce low-frequency (<200 Hz) distress calls. Proximate cause for the high fundamental frequency of distress calls of neonate Mongolian gazelles is their very short, atypical vocal folds (4 mm) compared to the 7-mm vocal folds of neonate goitred gazelles, producing distress calls as low as 120 Hz. 相似文献
3.
Although vocal mimicry in songbirds is well documented, little is known about the function of such mimicry. One possibility
is that the mimic produces the vocalisations of predatory or aggressive species to deter potential predators or competitors.
Alternatively, these sounds may be learned in error as a result of their acoustic properties such as structural simplicity.
We determined the mimetic repertoires of a population of male spotted bowerbirds Ptilonorhynchus maculatus, a species that mimics predatory and aggressive species. Although male mimetic repertoires contained an overabundance of
vocalisations produced by species that were generally aggressive, there was also a marked prevalence of mimicry of sounds
that are associated with alarm such as predator calls, alarm calls and mobbing calls, irrespective of whether the species
being mimicked was aggressive or not. We propose that it may be the alarming context in which these sounds are first heard
that may lead both to their acquisition and to their later reproduction. We suggest that enhanced learning capability during
acute stress may explain vocal mimicry in many species that mimic sounds associated with alarm. 相似文献
4.
5.
Benjamin J. Pitcher Heidi Ahonen Robert G. Harcourt Isabelle Charrier 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(8):901-909
In pinnipeds, maternal care strategies and colony density may influence a species’ individual recognition system. We examined
the onset of vocal recognition of mothers by Australian sea lion pups (Neophoca cinerea). At 2 months of age, pups responded significantly more to the calls of their own mothers than alien female calls demonstrating
a finely tuned recognition system. However, newborn pups did not respond differentially to the calls of their mother from
alien female calls suggesting that vocal recognition had not yet developed or is not yet expressed. These findings are in
stark contrast to other otariid species where pups learn their mother’s voice before their first separation. Variance in colony
density, pup movements, and natal site fidelity may have reduced selective pressures on call recognition in young sea lions,
or alternatively, another sensory system may be used for recognition in the early stage of life. 相似文献
6.
Although amphibians are highly vocal, they generally emit only a limited number of acoustic communication signals. We report here the extraordinarily rich vocal repertoire of Amolops tormotus, a ranid species in China. These frogs produce countless vocalizations, some of which share features of birdsong or primate calls, e.g., ultrasonic frequency components, multiple upward and downward FM sweeps, and sudden onset and offset of selective harmonic components within a call note. Frame-by-frame video analysis of the frog's calling behavior suggests the presence of two pairs of vocal sacs that may contribute to the remarkable call-note complexity in this species. Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer LINK server located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-002-0335-x. 相似文献
7.
8.
While some avian mimics appear to select sounds randomly, other species preferentially imitate sounds such as predator calls
that are associated with danger. Previous work has shown that the Greater Racket-tailed Drongo (Dicrurus paradiseus) incorporates predator calls and heterospecific alarm calls into its own species-typical alarm vocalizations. Here, we show
that another passerine species, the Sri Lanka Magpie (Urocissa ornata), which inhabits the same Sri Lankan rainforest, imitates three of the same predator calls that drongos do. For two of these
call types, there is evidence that magpies also use them in alarm contexts. Our results support the hypothesis that imitated
predator calls can serve as signals of alarm to multiple species. 相似文献
9.
The steppe pika (Ochotona pusilla), a representative of the lagomorph family Ochotonidae, is restricted today to Kazakhstan and Russia. This subspecies-rich
form belongs to a morphologically distinct, monospecific group of relatively small pikas, inhabiting steppe-like habitat.
In the fossil record, it serves as a bioindicator of dry, grassland environment. The steppe pika was abundant and widespread
in Europe during the Last Glaciation, and its unquestionable presence has been reported there since the middle Pleistocene.
A new discovery of O. pusilla, from the Kielniki 3B locality (Poland), dated to the latest Pliocene, moves back the species appearance in Europe about
one million years, almost coeval with its first record from the late Pliocene of Kazakhstan. Presence of such a typical steppe
inhabitant as O. pusilla indicates significant climate change towards more arid, continental conditions, which started influencing Europe at 2.6 Ma.
We present the first reliable record of the earliest O. pusilla entry deep into Europe in the latest Pliocene. 相似文献
10.
Efremova KO Volodin IA Volodina EV Frey R Lapshina EN Soldatova NV 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(11):919-931
In goitred gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa), sexual dimorphism of larynx size and position is reminiscent of the case in humans, suggesting shared features of vocal
ontogenesis in both species. This study investigates the ontogeny of nasal and oral calls in 23 (10 male and 13 female) individually
identified goitred gazelles from shortly after birth up to adolescence. The fundamental frequency (f0) and formants were measured
as the acoustic correlates of the developing sexual dimorphism. Settings for LPC analysis of formants were based on anatomical
dissections of 5 specimens. Along ontogenesis, compared to females, male f0 was consistently lower both in oral and nasal
calls and male formants were lower in oral calls, whereas the first two formants of nasal calls did not differ between sexes.
In goitred gazelles, significant sex differences in f0 and formants appeared as early as the second week of life, while in
humans they emerge only before puberty. This result suggests different pathways of vocal ontogenesis in the goitred gazelles
and in humans. 相似文献
11.
Unlike any other foraging phyllostomid bat studied to date, Poey’s flower bats (Phyllonycteris poeyi-Phyllostomidae) emit relatively long (up to 7.2 ms), intense, single-harmonic echolocation calls. These calls are readily
detectable at distances of at least 15 m. Furthermore, the echolocation calls contain only the first harmonic, which is usually
filtered out in the vocal tract of phyllostomids. The foraging echolocation calls of P. poeyi are more like search-phase echolocation calls of sympatric aerial-feeding bats (Molossidae, Vespertilionidae, Mormoopidae).
Intense, long, narrowband, single-harmonic echolocation calls focus acoustic energy maximizing range and favoring detection,
which may be particularly important for cruising bats, like P. poeyi, when flying in the open. Flying in enclosed spaces, P. poeyi emit short, low-intensity, frequency-modulated, multiharmonic echolocation calls typical of other phyllostomids. This is
the first report of a phyllostomid species emitting long, intense, single-harmonic echolocation calls with most energy in
the first harmonic. 相似文献
12.
Jaime Bosch 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2001,88(10):434-437
Male midwife toads (Alytes cisternasii) responded differently depending on the call frequency and call rate of other males. I tested female Iberian midwife toads with the same set of stimuli used earlier with males. Females responded faster to high call rates, and female vocal activity was greater in response to low-frequency male calls. Thus, in both sexes, the vocal response differs in the same direction according to signal frequency variation, but the magnitude of the response is greater in males than in females. In the light of these results, I discuss the implications for sexual selection of this reciprocal calling. 相似文献
13.
Coleman SW 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(10):981-986
Distinct acoustic whistles are associated with the wing-beats of many doves, and are especially noticeable when doves ascend
from the ground when startled. I thus hypothesized that these sounds may be used by flock-mates as cues of potential danger.
To test this hypothesis, I compared the responses of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) to audio playbacks of dove ‘startle wing-whistles’, cardinal alarm calls, dove ‘nonstartle wing-whistles’, and sparrow ‘social
chatter’. Following playbacks of startle wing-whistles and alarm calls, conspecifics and heterospecifics startled and increased
vigilance more than after playbacks of other sounds. Also, the latency to return to feeding was greater following playbacks
of startle wing-whistles and alarm calls than following playbacks of other sounds. These results suggest that both conspecifics
and heterospecifics may attend to dove wing-whistles in decisions related to antipredator behaviors. Whether the sounds of
dove wing-whistles are intentionally produced signals warrants further testing. 相似文献
14.
Bosch J 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2002,89(12):575-578
Female midwife toads (genus Alytes) emit highly variable reciprocal calls of unclear function prior to and during courtship. In some species, female-female competition, expressed as physical fighting, has been reported. Males of Majorcan midwife toads (Alytes muletensis) show phonotactic response to female calls, and females of Iberian midwife toads (Alytes cisternasii) respond differently according to the male call characteristics. In this study, I test the hypothesis of female-female acoustic competition as an additional function of female reciprocal calls. Playback tests indicate that female calls are not clearly involved in female acoustic competition in the Iberian midwife toad, therefore female calls could be directed at males rather than towards competitive females. 相似文献
15.
Young Nile crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus start to produce calls inside the egg and carry on emitting sounds after hatching. These vocalizations elicit maternal care
and influence the behaviour of other juveniles. In order to investigate the acoustic structure of these calls, focusing on
a possible individual signature, we have performed acoustic analyses on 400 calls from ten young crocodiles during the first
4 days after hatching. Calls have a complex acoustic structure and are strongly frequency modulated. We assessed the differences
between the calls of the individuals. We found a weak individual signature. An individual call-based recognition of young
by the mother is thus unlikely. In other respects, the call acoustic structure changes from the first to the fourth day after
hatching: fundamental frequency progressively decreases. These modifications might provide important information to the mother
about her offspring—age and size—allowing her to customize her protective care to best suit the needs of each individual.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
16.
Alban Lemasson Karim Ouattara Hélène Bouchet Klaus Zuberbühler 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(11):1023-1027
Call rate can be a salient feature in animal communication. Depending on the species, different psychological variables appear
to influence call rates but the exact nature of these relationships remains poorly explored. Here, we demonstrate for free-ranging
Campbell’s monkeys that the call rates of four different alarm series (termed H, K, K+, and B series) vary systematically as a function of context, associated behaviour, and identity of the caller. K+ series were given more rapidly to predation than non-predation events, K+ and K series more rapidly to visual than auditory predator detection, and H series more rapidly while counterattacking an
eagle than staying put. Finally, there were individual differences in B series, suggesting that call rate potentially provides
listeners with cues about the caller’s anti-predator behaviour, event type experienced, and his identity. 相似文献
17.
Volker B. Deecke Lance G. Barrett-Lennard Paul Spong John K. B. Ford 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(5):513-518
A few species of mammals produce group-specific vocalisations that are passed on by learning, but the function of learned vocal variation remains poorly understood. Resident killer whales live in stable matrilineal groups with repertoires of seven to 17 stereotyped call types. Some types are shared among matrilines, but their structure typically shows matriline-specific differences. Our objective was to analyse calls of nine killer whale matrilines in British Columbia to test whether call similarity primarily reflects social or genetic relationships. Recordings were made in 1985–1995 in the presence of focal matrilines that were either alone or with groups with non-overlapping repertoires. We used neural network discrimination performance to measure the similarity of call types produced by different matrilines and determined matriline association rates from 757 encounters with one or more focal matrilines. Relatedness was measured by comparing variation at 11 microsatellite loci for the oldest female in each group. Call similarity was positively correlated with association rates for two of the three call types analysed. Similarity of the N4 call type was also correlated with matriarch relatedness. No relationship between relatedness and association frequency was detected. These results show that call structure reflects relatedness and social affiliation, but not because related groups spend more time together. Instead, call structure appears to play a role in kin recognition and shapes the association behaviour of killer whale groups. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that increasing social complexity plays a role in the evolution of learned vocalisations in some mammalian species. 相似文献
18.
In-air hearing in birds has been thoroughly investigated. Sound provides birds with auditory information for species and individual recognition from their complex vocalizations, as well as cues while foraging and for avoiding predators. Some 10% of existing species of birds obtain their food under the water surface. Whether some of these birds make use of acoustic cues while underwater is unknown. An interesting species in this respect is the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), being one of the most effective marine predators and relying on the aquatic environment for food year round. Here, its underwater hearing abilities were investigated using psychophysics, where the bird learned to detect the presence or absence of a tone while submerged. The greatest sensitivity was found at 2 kHz, with an underwater hearing threshold of 71 dB re 1 μPa rms. The great cormorant is better at hearing underwater than expected, and the hearing thresholds are comparable to seals and toothed whales in the frequency band 1–4 kHz. This opens up the possibility of cormorants and other aquatic birds having special adaptations for underwater hearing and making use of underwater acoustic cues from, e.g., conspecifics, their surroundings, as well as prey and predators. 相似文献
19.
Facial and vocal expressions of emotion have been found in a number of social mammal species and are thought to have evolved
to aid social communication. There has been much debate about whether such signals are culturally inherited or are truly biologically
innate. Evidence for the innateness of such signals can come from cross-cultural studies. Previous studies have identified
a vocalisation (the V4 or ‘excitement’ call) associated with high arousal behaviours in a population of killer whales in British
Columbia, Canada. In this study, we compared recordings from three different socially and reproductively isolated ecotypes
of killer whales, including five vocal clans of one ecotype, each clan having discrete culturally transmitted vocal traditions.
The V4 call was found in recordings of each ecotype and each vocal clan. Nine independent observers reproduced our classification
of the V4 call from each population with high inter-observer agreement. Our results suggest the V4 call may be universal in
Pacific killer whale populations and that transmission of this call is independent of cultural tradition or ecotype. We argue
that such universality is more consistent with an innate vocalisation than one acquired through social learning and may be
linked to its apparent function of motivational expression. 相似文献
20.
Ability to discriminate familiar conspecifics is an essential competence in any group-living species, ensuring socio-spatial cohesion, but in many animals, such as mustelids, the relative importance of the different communicative modalities for discrimination is poorly understood. In otters, there is evidence of intra-specific variation in physical appearance and in feces chemical profile, but the potential for acoustic identity coding as well as for identity decoding in visual, acoustic and olfactive domains remains unexplored. We investigated the acoustic structure of contact calls in five captive groups of small-clawed otters and found that it is possible to reliably assign one particular call to a given adult male caller. Females discriminated between familiar and unfamiliar adult males based on their sound (playback) and smell (feces) but not based on their picture, suggesting abilities to memorize and use acoustic and olfactive signatures in their daily social life. 相似文献