国内外针对突发性水污染事故的立法经验比较

面对突发性水污染事故多发、危害严重的现状,总结了美国、日本等国家关于突发性水污染事故应急管理立法的成功经验和国内相关立法工作中存在的宪法和环境保护综合法界定不清、应急法律不成体系等问题,同时针对国内相关立法工作的不足提出了加强中国突发性水污染事故应急立法的建议.     

交通规划环境影响评价中气候变化指标体系研究

21世纪以来,气候变化带来的气温升高、海平面上升以及极端气象事件等已经给中国的交通带来了严重的负面影响.在分析中国交通规划现状的基础上,探讨了建立交通规划环境影响评价中气候变化指标体系的基本框架和原则、方法及指标类型,并采用“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”(DPSIR)模型建立了适用于中国交通规划的气候变化指标体系.分析表明:(1)湖北省骨架公路网规划(2005)减缓和适应气候变化的综合能力水平指数为0.44,属于警戒状态,应对气候变化的综合能力较差,规划区域面临的气候变化压力也较大.(2)在侧重环境保护的湖北省情景下,规划区域减缓和适应气候变化的综合能力水平提高的最明显,在实现规划环境目标的前提下,2020年规划区域减缓和适应气候变化的综合能力水平指数可以达到0.62,已经达到了良好状态.(3)只有从中总结出可行的政策和措施,才能保证湖北省在交通快速发展、经济稳步发展的同时,有效应对气候变化.     

微生物碳链延长技术转化废弃生物质合成中链脂肪酸

“碳中和”目标下,废弃生物质制备可再生化学品成为落实碳中和、减污降碳等国家重大战略需求的重要技术之一。其中,微生物碳链延长技术生产中链脂肪酸(MCFAs)是高值化回收废弃碳源的一个重要方向。MCFAs作为生物基化学品新星,兼具经济、环保与实用性优势,可部分地替代化石原料合成环保型燃料与化学品,降低传统化石资源依赖与碳排放,助力经济社会发展绿色转型。为此,系统梳理了碳链延长技术的反应机理、功能菌群,以及MCFAs生产应用存在的关键瓶颈和研究进展,以期为相关领域研究者开展创新研究、突破技术瓶颈提供参考。     

日本环境保护立法及污染物排放标准的启示

论述了日本环境保护的法律体系,探讨了大气污染防治立法及水污染防治立法的发展过程.系统分析了日本大气和水污染物排放标准体系,并介绍了最新日本国家统一排放标准.日本污染物排放标准的制订及其实施制度值得中国借鉴.污染物排放标准制订应具有科学性和可操作性,中国氮氧化物污染严重,应纳入总量控制.为了保证污染物排放标准的顺利实施,中国应完善法律制度;运用已有的行政体制落实各级环保部门的职责,完善监督制度;提高国民的环保意识,逐步实现全民参与环境保护.     

关于中国将气候变化因素融人环境影响评价的探讨

环境影响评价(简称环评)为评估和管理包括气候变化在内的环境风险问题提供了一个灵活的制度框架.通过案例分析方法,总结了中国将气候变化因素融入环评的经验和存在的问题.结果表明,目前中国在气候变化因素融人环评的尝试主要集中在战略环评层面.由于没有相关的技术导则指引,也缺乏实践经验,相关案例中考虑气候变化因素影响的角度和选择的...     

保护臭氧层与抑制气候变暖共存亡

<正>国家主席习近平于11月29日抵达法国首都巴黎,应法兰西共和国总统奥朗德和气候变化巴黎大会主席法比尤斯邀请,出席气候变化巴黎大会开幕活动。据《联合国气候变化框架公约》所明确的"共同但有区别的责任"原则,作为发展中国家的中国目前不具有强制减排义务。但作为有责任的大国,中国在节能减排上已经开展了一系列自主工程,成效初显,有目共睹。今年6月,中国正式向联合国提交了2020年后应对气候变化的"国家自主决定贡献":CO_2排放2030年左右达到峰值并争取尽早实现,单位国内生产总值CO_2排放比2005     

厌氧氨氧化:理论和工艺发展概述(代序言)

为实现"碳中和"目标,低碳脱氮新技术的开发及其工程化应用成为污水处理领域的研究热点.污水生物脱氮的主要途径为传统的硝化反硝化反应,但其工程应用仍存在能耗高且难实现低碳化的问题.厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,anammox)可在厌氧条件下,以氨氮为电子供体、亚硝氮为电子受体,实现氨...     

中国核损害赔偿制度研究

由地震引发的日本福岛核事故给环境和公众造成长久而深远的影响,引发人们对核能安全性及核损害赔偿问题的广泛关注.然而,中国现行的核损害赔偿制度存在缺陷,核损害赔偿的立法与相关制度规定较国际核电大国和国际组织有一定的差距,亟需建立完善的核损害赔偿法律、制度和运作体系.阐述了核损害赔偿制度的重要性,介绍了国内外核事故损害赔偿制度的现状和特点,针对中国核事故损害赔偿制度、体系建设等方面存在的缺陷提出完善建议.     

“双碳”目标下城市生活垃圾制氢技术研究进展

在全球碳减排的背景下,中国提出了实现“碳达峰碳中和”的“双碳”目标。利用城市生活垃圾中的生物质能制氢符合“双碳”目标要求。目前,城市生活垃圾制氢技术包括热化学转化、生物转化等直接制氢技术和结合甲烷重整制氢技术与城市生活垃圾厌氧发酵技术的间接制氢技术两大类。间接制氢技术因成熟可靠而成为当下城市生活垃圾制氢的主流工程化应用方向。城市生活垃圾前端分类、中端收运及末端处置系统的完善,将对生活垃圾制氢技术发展起到积极推动作用。     

剩余污泥厌氧共消化技术研究现状及应用趋势

污水处理厂碳中和运行目标使得剩余污泥厌氧消化产CH4途径重获新生。然而,剩余污泥量取决于进水中有机物(COD)浓度,而我国污水碳源低的特点决定了不可能仅靠剩余污泥转化能源便完全满足碳中和运行目标。研究显示,多种外源有机废弃物与剩余污泥厌氧共消化可以取得"1+12"的能量转化效果,这就为我国污水处理厂碳中和运行提供了一种潜在能量来源。在简述剩余污泥厌氧共消化技术特性的基础上,对7种典型外源有机废弃物与剩余污泥共消化试验研究进行了归纳,同时列举国外6个业已实现碳中和运行的污水处理厂共消化应用实例,充分说明外源有机废弃物与剩余污泥共消化的工程应用前景。虽然我国目前环境政策限制了污泥厌氧共消化的工程化进程,但污泥与餐厨垃圾、市政修剪花草/树木、旱厕粪便等几种基质共消化将会是共消化的未来研究方向,更是综合解决市政有机固体废弃物的现实需要。     

Will ASEAN countries be a potential choice for the export of pollution intensive goods?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - China, being the world’s largest exporter, has now certain environmental commitments such as to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. These...     

Spatiotemporal dynamic differences of energy-related CO2 emissions and the related driven factors in six regions of China during two decades

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbon neutrality lays out a grand blueprint for carbon emission reduction and climate governance in China. How to reduce energy consumption is the...     

Temporal and spatial characteristics of green total factor productivity in energy-intensive industry in China

China’s energy-intensive industry (EII) is characterized by high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emissions. It is essential to boost this sector’s green total factor productivity (GTFP) in order to support the sustainable development of the China’s economy and help to achieve the objective of carbon neutrality. This work measures the evolution of GTFP in EII and its subsectors at provincial and regional level from 2001 to 2019, identifies the causes of these changes, and finally analyzes the particular spatial aggregation effect of GTFP in EII. It is discovered that the GTFP of China’s EII has significantly improved throughout the sample period and exhibits a spatial structure of “high in the coastal areas and low in the west and center.” The main driver of GTFP growth for China’s EII and its subsectors was technological advance. Smelting and pressing of ferrous metals (SPFM) and smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals (SPNM) were the industries with the most significant technological progress. Remarkable spatial correlations existed among the GTFP of EII at provincial level. The GTFP values of EII in coastal regions were relatively high and tend to benefit the adjacent provinces but there was a polarization effect in the Middle Reaches of Yellow River (YR). Finally, policy implications are provided for the sustainable development of China’s EII.

     

How will Chinese cities reduce their carbon emissions? Evidence from spatial differences

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban regions are the dominant carbon emitter in China. Although the role of urban regions is a crucial concern in peaking China’s carbon...     

How green technology innovation affects carbon emission efficiency: evidence from developed countries proposing carbon neutrality targets

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the introduction of national carbon neutrality targets, carbon emission reduction actions in developed countries have become a hot topic as part...     

What drives green development in China: public pressure or the willingness of local government?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With China already committing to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060, green development is urgent....     

Effects of land urbanization and internet penetration on environmental sustainability: a cross-regional study of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - China has pledged to peak its carbon dioxide emissions (CEM) before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The energy consumption related to...     

Opportunities and Challenges to Capturing the Multiple Potential Benefits of REDD+ in a Traditional Transnational Savanna-Woodland Region in West Africa

The REDD+ scheme of the United Nations intends to offer developing countries financial incentives to reduce the rates of deforestation and forest degradation for reducing global CO₂ emissions. This is combined with building carbon stocks in existing wooded ecosystems and fostering other soil, biodiversity and water conservation objectives. Successful application of REDD+ to the Xylophone Triangle of West Africa faces substantial challenges and risks to both meeting REDD+ objectives and to the local people’s rights and livelihoods. The transnationality of the culturally coherent area requires collaboration of three national governments. The opportunities, however, are great to capitalize on the region’s biodiversity, the well-developed traditional ecological knowledge and the use of local medicinal plants as an integral part of the agro-ecosystem. Possibilities open to, not only sequester carbon, but also to increase the resilience of the ecosystem and of independent rural livelihoods in the face of climate change and globalization.     

Organic carbon sequestration in Chinese croplands under compost application and its contribution to carbon neutrality

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Achieving the carbon neutrality in China has great impact on alleviating global warming. Compost application, an important measure to promote soil...     

Application of ensemble machine learning model in downscaling and projecting climate variables over different climate regions in Iran

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study evaluates the future climate fluctuations in Iran’s eight major climate regions (G1–G8). Synoptic data for the period...