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含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS的合成及阻垢性能研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
利用实验方法合成了含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS,通过正交试验评价优选出最佳合成条件,对其阻垢性能进行了评价。将含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS与HEDP和含膦基共聚物PCA进行了比较,结果表明,当PAMPS用量为10mg/L时,阻止碳酸钙结垢率达到83.73%,优于同等条件下HEDP与PCA阻止碳酸钙结垢率;当PAMPS用量达到3mg/L时,阻垢率达到98.32%,对硫酸钙的阻垢性能优于HEDP和PCA。同时还可看出,含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS对阻止碳酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应,对阻止硫酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应和溶限效应。这说明PAMPS是一种优良的阻垢分散剂。 相似文献
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对江苏油田王龙庄污水处理站结垢机理及影响因素进行了分析研究,找出了目前防垢杀菌措施存在的不足。在此基础上,对引进变频式微电脑水处理器的先导性试验结果进行了分析。监测结果表明,其阻垢率达到83.3%以上。该处理器不仅具有很好的防垢、除垢功能,还具有很好的杀菌作用。处理后的污水中固体含量、颗粒总数、含油量、TGB、铁细菌等均有较大幅度的下降,同时还大幅度减少了药剂成本、维修费用等,投入产出比为1∶7,取得了较好的经济效益。 相似文献
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广利联合站处理的污水,其矿化度高、pH值较低,污水中腐蚀性气体溶解氧、二氧化碳、硫化物和SRB的含量都超出了SY/T5329-94的标准,处理设备和管线被严重腐蚀。为此,用投加缓蚀剂的方法降低其腐蚀速度。由于结垢会降低污水缓蚀剂的处理效果,因而又投加阻垢剂提高阻垢效果;同时又实施了污水改性技术,使设备的腐蚀得到缓解。2002年平均腐蚀速度降低到0.0669 mm/a和0.0617 mm/a,达到部颁标准(≤0.076 mm/a)。现场设备和管线穿孔和报废率均有大幅度下降,初步达到了控制腐蚀的目的。 相似文献
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涠洲12-1油田油井结垢机理研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用X射线衍射法分析了涠洲12-1油田A3油井井筒垢样,并对结垢离子的来源、结垢机理、结垢原因及结垢部位进行了分析。结果表明,涠洲12-1油田中块油井垢样的主要成分中61.3%是BaSr(SO4)2。结垢阳离子主要源于地层中含锶、钡等重矿物在高温、高压及高矿化度条件下的溶解和解离,结垢阴离子主要源于地层中硫酸盐矿物(如BaSO4、SrSO4)溶解、解离及注入水(海水)。结垢是注入水与地层水不配伍引起的,涠洲12-1油田防垢应以预防BaSr(SO4)2为主。 相似文献
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从定量的角度出发,设计垢量测量装置。以BZ25-1油田为例,判断油田结垢类型,模拟动态试验,利用油田结垢量大小测定渗透率损失率。随后进行防垢剂筛选试验。结果表明:碳酸钙垢的生成,岩心渗透率损失率21%左右;防垢剂JPS-01、JPS-02、JPS-03能有效缓解地层结垢,JPS-01防垢剂效果最佳,结垢量最小。 相似文献
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John K. Yu Martin M. Fogel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(5):1239-1250
ABSTRACT: Use-oriented benefits and treatment costs analysis has been incorporated into a water quality index to show an economically optimized concentration for the treatment of the pollutants and the resulting water quality. This combined water quality index can be used in decisionmaking at the federal and local government levels. Five major pollutants, i.e., coliforms, nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, and detergent, have been considered for the municipal waste water. With each higher level of improvement the treatment costs increase accordingly and the benefits associated with the reuse of this treated waste water will increase too but not for the nutrient removal in agricultural use. The optimal concentration is determined when the marginal costs equal the marginal benefits. The combined water quality index is the combination of the maximum net benefits and the water quality index of the optimized residual concentrations. This water quality index is zero dollars for the Tucson region in this study. The possible reclaimed use of municipal waste water is for agricultural irrigation and recreational lakes for the Tucson region. 相似文献
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Farouk El-Baz 《Natural resources forum》1992,16(1):71-75
Preparing for and conducting the Gulf War resulted in much damage to the environment of the region. The first and most visible effect is related to the damage caused by oil well fires in terms of air pollution as well as the potential damage to the petroleum reservoirs. The second detrimental effect has been caused by the oil spill in the Gulf water. Hundreds of miles of the western coastline of the Gulf are already covered with oil. Petroleum 'mats' have settled on coral reefs and have reduced Gulf water productivity. Foremost among the irreparable damages are changes to the terrain due to the digging of trenches, building walls of soil and otherwise disturbing the desert pavement in and around Kuwait. Disruption of the, usually, one-grain thick layer of pebbles on the desert floor exposes soil to wind action. Changing the contours of the normally flat land increases resistance to the wind and increases the potential of particle transport until the land is peneplained. This condition will increase the frequency and the ferocity of dust storms in the region. It will also result in the formation of new sand dunes; sand drifts already exist along roads in northern Kuwait. It is believed that the detrimental effects on the atmosphere will last for years, on the Gulf water for decades, and on the desert surface for centuries. 相似文献
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Phosphorus retention mechanisms of a water treatment residual 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ippolito JA Barbarick KA Heil DM Chandler JP Redente EF 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(5):1857-1864
Water treatment residuals (WTRs) are a by-product of municipal drinking water treatment plants and can have the capacity to adsorb tremendous amounts of P. Understanding the WTR phosphorus adsorption process is important for discerning the mechanism and tenacity of P retention. We studied P adsorbing mechanism(s) of an aluminum-based [Al2(SO4)3 x 14H2O] WTR from Englewood, CO. In a laboratory study, we shook mixtures of P-loaded WTR for 1 to 211 d followed by solution pH analysis, and solution Ca, Al, and P analysis via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. After shaking periods, we also examined the solids fraction by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microprobe analysis using wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (EMPA-WDS). The shaking results indicated an increase in pH from 7.2 to 8.2, an increase in desorbed Ca and Al concentrations, and a decrease in desorbed P concentration. The pH and desorbed Ca concentration increases suggested that CaCO3 controlled Ca solubility. Increased desorbed Al concentration may have been due to Al(OH)4 formation. Decreased P content, in conjunction with the pH increase, was consistent with calcium phosphate formation or precipitation. The system appeared to be undersaturated with respect to dicalcium phosphate (DCP; CaHPO4) and supersaturated with respect to octacalcium phosphate [OCP; Ca4H(PO4)3 x 2.5H2O]. The Ca and Al increases, as well as OCP formation, were supported by MINTEQA2 modeling. The XRD and EMPA-WDS results for all shaking times, however, suggested surface P chemisorption as an amorphous Al-P mineral phase. 相似文献
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简要地对窄点原理进行了介绍。用窄点原理对工程设计进行了具体分析,在排污量相同的情况下,分别采用洁净水接纳污染物、采用满足进水浓度要求但无回用的废水接纳污染物和采用窄点技术且可回用废水但无水处理过程的废水接纳污染物三种供水方式。比较不同的供水方式所需的不同耗水量。从而得出窄点分析原理对节水,节能和降污保护环境具有的重大意义。 相似文献
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随着我国油田相继进入开发后期,传统的滤料及设备过滤精度已不能满足注水的要求。因此,研究并开发了具有一定抗油污能力的新型过滤材料,设计了新型的超精细过滤器系列产品。对滤料进行的室内实验结果表明,在开始过滤的近10h内,过滤后的水中含油量基本上满足注水的水质要求。在开始过滤的近20h内,滤层的水头损失随时间的变化较为平缓;随着过滤时间的延长,水头损失变化加剧。从现场实验可以看出,所设计的过滤器有良好的过滤性能和抗冲击能力。新型过滤材料的研究成功解决了油田含油污水精细过滤的问题,新型过滤器也是含油污水超精细过滤的理想产品。 相似文献
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Phosphorus removal in vegetated filter strips 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Abu-Zreig M Rudra RP Whiteley HR Lalonde MN Kaushik NK 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(2):613-619
Vegetated filter strips (VFS) are used recently for removal, at or near the source, of sediment and sediment-bound chemicals from cropland runoff. Vegetation within the flowpath increases water infiltration and decreases water turbulence, thus enhancing pollutant removal by sedimentation within filter media and infiltration through the filter surface. Field experiments have been conducted to examine the efficiency of vegetated filter strips for phosphorus removal from cropland runoff with 20 filters with varying length (2 to 15 m), slope (2.3 and 5%), and vegetated cover, including bare-soil plots as control. Artificial runoff used in this study had an average phosphorus concentration of 2.37 mg L(-1) and a sediment concentration of 2700 mg L(-1). The average phosphorus trapping efficiency of all vegetated filters was 61% and ranged from 31% in a 2-m filter to 89% in a 15-m filter. Filter length has been found to be the predominant factor affecting P trapping in VFS. The rate of inflow, type of vegetation, and density of vegetation coverage had secondary influences on P removal. Short filters (2 and 5 m), which are somewhat effective in sediment removal, are much less effective in P removal. Increasing the filter length beyond 15 m is ineffective in enhancing sediment removal but is expected to further enhance P removal. Sediment deposition, infiltration, and plant adsorption are the primary mechanisms for phosphorus trapping in VFS. 相似文献
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本文首次对武汉市不同季节饮水中卤代烃的种类和含量分布特性进行了调查和研究。调查与研究结果表明,武汉市水厂水源卤代烃含量范围为0.02—0.55μg/l,年平均含量低于0.2μg/1,水源水经氯化消毒处理后,出厂水卤代烃含量增加高达百倍,含量范围是1.3—6.20μg/l,年平均含量为13.9μg/l。饮水中卤代烃的主要成份是氟仿,约占卤代烃总量的90%。自来水加热至沸时,卤代烃含量增加约一倍。自来水中卤代烃主要来自源水氯化消毒过程中的卤仿反应,影响卤代烃含量的主要因素是源水水质。保护水厂水源提高水源,水质是解决武汉市饮水卤代烃污染的主要途径。 相似文献