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分别从样品前处理和分析测定两方面对大气细粒子中阳离子表面有机活性物质的二硫蓝分光光度分析法进行优化,并采用优化方案对北京市大气细粒子进行了分析.结果表明:① 优化的最佳样品前处理条件中超声提取频率为40 Hz、初始水浴温度为30℃、超声提取时间为30 min;② 优化的最佳分析测定条件中二硫蓝使用量为1.29 mg(0.5 mL的2.58 g/L二硫蓝溶液)、最佳静置时间为30 min、醋酸盐缓冲液(pH为5)最佳使用量为3 mL.二硫蓝分光光度法优化方案标准曲线的R2为0.9986,线性较好.采用该优化方案测得的北京市大气细粒子中阳离子表面有机活性物质浓度的平均值为12.87 pmol/m3,其浓度水平数量级是阴离子表面有机活性物质的1/10,其浓度水平高于英国诺威奇与爱丁堡,但低于马来西亚吉隆坡. 相似文献
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以山东某钛白粉厂二级压滤出水为研究对象,通过自主设计的中试设备考察了催化臭氧氧化工艺与NaClO工艺对钛白粉废水处理情况,确定催化臭氧氧化的最佳工艺实验条件为:在室温条件下,催化臭氧氧化反应时间为60 min,臭氧投加浓度为125 mg/L。对原有NaClO工艺进行优化,优化后的最佳工艺为:NaClO投加量为1.2%,反应时间为30 min。当平均进水ρ(COD)与ρ(NH3-N)分别为109.7,12.8 mg/L,则催化臭氧工艺平均出水ρ(COD)与ρ(NH3-N)分别为43.5,3.8 mg/L,平均去除率分别为60%和70.4%,NaClO工艺平均出水ρ(COD)与ρ(NH3-N)分别为49.8,4.7 mg/L,平均去除率分别为54.5%和63.1%。在30 d内,催化臭氧氧化出水达标率为100%,NaClO出水达标率为26.7%,催化臭氧氧化处理费用为1.12元/t,NaClO处理费用为12元/t,催化臭氧氧化工艺相较于NaClO氧化工艺更适用于处理钛白粉废水。 相似文献
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保定大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子质量浓度及粒径分布 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
为研究保定市大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的质量浓度水平、季节变化和粒径分布特征,于2010年8月—2011年8月利用Andersen分级采样器采集大气颗粒物样品,并用离子色谱分析其中的离子组成. 结果表明,细粒子(PM2.1)中主要水溶性无机离子为SO42-、NO3-和NH4+,三者质量浓度平均值分别为23.18、21.99和11.44μg/m3;粗粒子(PM>2.1)中主要水溶性无机离子为NO3-、Ca2+和SO42-,三者质量浓度平均值分别为10.60、10.39和10.14μg/m3. 细粒子中ρ(SO42-)、ρ(NO3-)、ρ(NH4+)、ρ(Cl-)和ρ(K+)的季节性变化相似,均为冬季>秋季>夏季>春季;粗粒子中ρ(NH4+)、ρ(K+)和ρ(NO3-)呈现出与细粒子不同的季节性变化趋势,ρ(NH4+)和ρ(K+)均为冬季>夏季>秋季>春季,而ρ(NO3-)则为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季. 粗、细粒子中ρ(Ca2+)和 ρ(Mg2+)的季节性变化特征相似,均为冬季最高、夏季最低. ρ(SO42-)、ρ(NO3-)、ρ(Na+)和ρ(K+)均呈双峰分布,分别在>0.43~1.1μm和>4.7~5.8μm出现峰值; ρ(NH4+)和ρ(Cl-)呈细模态单峰分布,在>0.43~1.1μm出现峰值; ρ(Mg2+)和 ρ(Ca2+)呈粗模态单峰分布,在>4.7~5.8μm出现峰值. 二次源和生物质燃烧是细粒子的主要来源,扬尘对粗粒子影响较大. 相似文献
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北京市大气气溶胶PM2.5中极性有机化合物的测定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
提出了用GC-MS分析大气细粒子中极性有机化合物的测定方法,给出了2类衍生化反应的最佳条件.标准物质工作曲线相关系数在0.995~1.000之间,仪器精密度为1%~10%,标准物质的标准偏差为3%~20%,实际样品的标准偏差为3%~17%,仪器定量限为0.1~4.0 ng·μL-1.实测了北京市夏、秋、冬3季大气细粒子样品,定量极性有机化合物42种,其中一元羧酸30种、二元羧酸5种、无水单糖3种、甾醇类3种和苯甲酸,并对这些化合物的可能来源进行了探讨. 相似文献
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采用单因素批试验方法优化亚甲蓝络合-分光光度法测定地下水中Cl O4-浓度的实验条件,确定0.2 mol/L硫酸溶液、0.5 mmol/L亚甲蓝溶液、1,2-二氯乙烷、无水硫酸钠的最佳用量分别为1 m L、1.5 m L、5 m L和0.1 g。该方法的相对标准偏差优于4%,加标回收率在95%~108%;检出限为9μg/L,测定下限为31μg/L。实验结果表明NO3-是影响Cl O4-浓度分光光度测定最为显著的干扰离子,其对Cl O4-浓度测定的干扰程度随着溶液中NO3-浓度增加而增强。揭示出NO3-对Cl O4-浓度测定干扰的规律性,吸光度差值与NO3-浓度间显著的相关性(R2=0.988)为解决NO3-的干扰问题提供了有效的途径,拓展了亚甲蓝络合-分光光度法的应用范围。 相似文献
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Application of Ruditapes Philippinarum conglutination mud (RPM) for decolorizing synthetic dye solutions was studied. RPM showed good activity for decolorization of Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, and Ink Blue. The amount of the RPM had great effect on the decoloration rate of the dye solutions. However, the decoloration rate did not continue to increase when the amount of mud exceeded the optimum dose. The temperature of the dye solution had a remarkable effect on the decolorization rate of Ink Blue solution, but had little effect on the other three dye solutions. The initial pH of the dye solutions evidently affected the decolorization rate of Malachite Green solution, but had less effect on the other three. The decolorization rate of the dye solutions increased significantly with treatment time within 8 hr, but tended to be steady after 8 hr for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green solutions, and after 12 hr for Ink Blue solution. The decolorization efficiencies for the four dye solutions under the optimum conditions were all above 90%. Seventeen strains screened from RPM showed flocculation ability for kaolin clay suspension. Out of them, the flocculation rate of strain ZHT3-9 and strain ZHT4-13 were up to 88.14% and 86.01%, respectively. ZHT3-9 was studied, and its decolorization rate for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, and Malachite Green reached 90.02%, 89.21%, and 80.29%, respectively. By morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain ZHT3-9 was identified as Arthrobacter sp. 相似文献
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In this work, the gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were in-situ generated on the surface of MnO2 nanosheets to form MnO2/Au-NPs nanocomposite in a simple and cost-effective way. Multiple experiments were carried out to optimize the oxidation of basic dye (Methylene Blue (MB)),including the molar ratio of MnO2 to chloroauric acid (HAuCl4), the pH of the solution and the effect of initialmaterial. Under the optimal condition, the highest degradation efficiency for MB achieved to 98.9% within 60 min, which was obviously better than commercial MnO2 powders (4.3%) andMnO2 nanosheets (74.2%). The enhanced oxidative degradationmight attribute to the in-situ generation of ultra-small and highly-dispersed Au-NPs which enlarged the synergistic effect and/or interfacial effect betweenMnO2 nanosheets and Au-NPs and facilitated the uptake of electrons by MnO2 from MB during the oxidation, thus validating the application of MnO2/Au-NPs nanocomposite for direct removal of organic dyes from wastewater in a simple and convenient fashion. 相似文献
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Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by surface fluorination in degradation of organic cationic compound 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of TiO2 surface fluorination on the photodegradation of a representative organic cationic compound, Methylene Blue (MB). The eleetropositive MB shows poor adsorption on TiO2 surface; its degradation performs a HO. radical-mediated mechanism. In the F-modified system, the kinetic reaction rate enlarged more than 2.5 fold that was attributed mainly to the accumulating adsorption of MB and the increased photogenerated hole available on the F-modified TiO2 surface. 相似文献
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The elemental composition and bacteria attached in particles were investigated during granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration.The experimental results showed that trapped influent particles could form new,larger particles on GAC surface.The sloughing of individuals off GAC surface caused an increase in effluent particles in the size range from 5 to 25 μm.The selectivity for element removal in GAC filters caused an increasing proportion of metallic elements in the effluent particles.The distribution of molar ratio indicated a complicated composition for large particles,involving organic and inorganic substances.The organic proportion accounted for 40% of total carbon attached to the particles.Compared with dissolved carbon,there was potential for the formation of trihalomethanes by organic carbon attached to particles,especially for those with size larger than 10 μm.The pure carbon energy spectrum was found only in the GAC effluent and the size distribution of carbon fines was mainly above 10 μm.The larger carbon fines provided more space for bacterial colonization and stronger protection for attached bacteria against disinfection.The residual attached bacteria after chorine disinfection was increased to 10 2-10 3 CFU/mL within 24 hours at 25°C. 相似文献
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芘在土壤不同粒径组分中的形态分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以芘为PAHs代表物,采用土壤粒径分级和PAHs连续提取方法,研究了老化4周污染黄棕壤中芘在不同粒径组分中的形态分布.结果表明,供试土壤中芘主要以有机溶剂提取态和可脱附态存在,结合态残留量所占比例甚小;细砂粒、粉粒、粗黏粒和细黏粒中芘残留占原土总残留的比例分别为6.00%、4.66%、34.68%和40.88%.各粒径组分中各形态芘含量大小顺序为有机溶剂提取态>可脱附态>结合态,有机溶剂提取态和可脱附态是各粒径组分中芘残留的主要存在形态(占比98.82%以上),芘结合态残留量占比<1.18%.土壤中黏粒(包括细黏粒和粗黏粒)是芘可脱附态、有机溶剂提取态、结合态和可提取态残留储存的主要粒径组分. 相似文献
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Sustainable method towards magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers for efficient Methylene Blue removal
The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of pH impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly. Herein, a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers (M-OMPs) without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst. The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously, and exhibited high removal efficiency (>99%) for Methylene Blue (MB) within a short time (10 min) at a concentration of 50 mg/L. What's more, high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of pH 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater. 相似文献
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Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an
adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous
solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite
in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B
was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent
were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range
6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm
data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried
out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary
solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type)
equation. 相似文献
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通过简单的水热法制备了比表面积较高的MnO2纳米微球,以之替代Fenton试剂中的Fe试剂,采用类电Fenton反应降解染料亚甲基蓝(MB),研究其处理效果。实验结果表明:当MB溶液初始浓度为30 mg/L时,电压为10.6 V,MnO2浓度为80 mg/L,H2O2浓度为20.4 g/L,保持pH为4条件下,MB在40 min内的降解率达到94.08%。分析了反应前后MnO2的变化并提出其反应机理。该研究成果可为电Fenton技术的应用提供新的思路和理论依据。 相似文献