三烧溴化锂集中制冷空调系统改建设计

武钢三烧区域改建了二台大连三洋蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机,叙述了该改建项目的主机选型,参数选定,设计特点等。     

新建、改建、扩建锅炉房的安全卫生注意事项

介绍了新建 改建、扩建锅炉房时的设计要求及在安全卫生方面的注意事项。     

新建,改建,扩建锅炉房的安全卫生注意事项

介绍了新建、改建、扩建锅炉房时的设计要求及在安全卫生方面的注意事项。     

旧貌换新颜 “34岁”南极地震台大变身

正最近,一条来自地球最南端的消息吸引了不少人的关注——由中国地震局地球物理研究所承担的南极长城站地震台改建任务已圆满完成,新一代长城站地震台正式运行。业内普遍认为,此次南极长城站地震台的成功改建,标志着中国在南极地震观测基础设施和数据质量得到显著改善。     

浅析安全评价与职业卫生评价二合一

<正>安全评价和职业卫生评价是企业落实新建、改建、扩建项目"三同时"的必要手段,也是企业落实主体责任,预防、控制、减少和消除职业危害的重要保障措施。2010年10月,新建、改建、扩建工程项目和技术改造、技术引进项目的职业卫生"三同时"审查及监督检查等对象为企业的监督职能,由卫生部门全部转至安全生产监管部门。自职责划转以来,安全生产监管部门相继出台了一系列职业卫生评价的文件与规范,     

水泥混凝土路面设计中有关安全问题探析

随着我国经济的发展,道路交通流量迅速的增长。吉林油田发展初期所修建的砂石路和沥青路面早已出现坑槽、啃边等多种路面病害,给产能建设和道路运输带来极大的安全隐患。本文针对吉林油田公司所在地区部分道路改建成水泥混凝土路面的实际,对改建设计中的有关安全问题进行分析探讨。     

高速公路运营安全性评价

系统研究国内外道路运营安全评价先进技术,认为各种安全评价方法有其优缺点,单一方法使用时,难以得到全面、可靠的评价结果。在此基础上,结合我国高速公路运营状况,提出了运用速度协调性分析、事故调查与分析、设计符合性以及运营安全评价清单进行评价的高速公路运营综合安全评价方法。该方法能最大程度地发现事故隐患、预防事故的发生或减轻事故的严重程度。并运用该方法对某改建高速公路进行了运营安全评价,指出了该拟改建高速公路两处事故多发路段和3方面的安全隐患,证实了综合安全评价方法的有效性。     

如何预防厨房天然气爆炸

天然气由于干净卫生、价格便宜、使用便利受到广大城市居民的欢迎。如今,火部分的新建城市小区和一些改建的小区都安装了天然气。但使用天然气不当会引起火火甚至爆炸,应当充分注意天然气使用的安全。     

塔河油田注水管网溶解氧腐蚀防治对策

通过排查各主要腐蚀因素,确定溶解氧对塔河注水管网的腐蚀影响最大。针对现场腐蚀环境特点,采取了改建密闭流程、除氧剂和缓蚀剂联合使用、开发高效缓蚀剂等措施,降低溶解氧腐蚀风险。     

只赶任务不顾安全的恶果

6月16日,黑龙江省华安机械厂3101工房在用乙炔气切割吸尘管路时,引起了砂石过滤器内积存的炸药粉尘爆炸,死亡3人,伤 6人,厂房炸毁。 这个厂的3101工房属改建项目,主管部投资60万元,工厂自筹资金20万元,要求在今年底完成。同时规定工期每提前一个月,工厂可少投资10万元,部里给增加投资10万元;工程每拖期一个月,工厂要增加投资5万元。这样,厂领导急于赶任务,决定开展改建会战,对各车间相应地规定了以是否完成生产任务为标准的奖惩办法。厂领导多次开会布置任务时,对安全生产都没有提出具体要求。 出事故这天是星期日,参加这次工房改建会战的水…     

Etzioni's model of organizational involvement: A perspective for understanding commitment to organizations

There are two predominant views of organizational commitment: instrumental and affective. The purpose of the paper is to explore the extent to which an adapted version of Etzioni's macro organizational model of involvement may serve as a single model of both affective and instrumental perspectives of organizational commitment. Moral commitment and alienative commitment are treated as affective forms of organizational attachment, and calculative commitment is treated as an instrumental form of organizational attachment. The paper employs five samples for the investigation. It develops scales for measuring each of the three dimensions of commitment. The paper concludes that organizational commitment is multidimensional. It also concludes that employees report a mixture of commitment types. Evidence is offered in support of the affective character of moral and alienative commitment. Although the evidence is equivocal, there is support for the independence of the two dimensions of affective commitment: moral and alienative. Evidence is also offered for the differential association of the three dimensions of organizational commitment with related aspects of organizational behavior. The paper extends our understanding of organizational commitment by providing a place for both instrumental and affective forms of psychological attachment to organizations. It offers scales which may be used for future research, and it suggests research which may extend the adapted model in this paper as well as provide direction for practising managers.     

安全文化、安全科技与科学安全生产观

通过10余年来对安全文化的研究,提出了一些安全科技文化的新思路、新理念:以安全哲学及认识论的观点,研究安全文化与人的安全自护能力;从实践论和科技进步的视角,研究安全文化的发展;从安全文化的理念,探讨安全文化与安全科学的关系以及安全文化与工业发展的关系;用科学发展观看待安全生产严峻形势;讨论安全生产“五要素”与安全文化的关系;提出“安全第一”公理;特别强调提高农民安全文化素质的现实作用和战略意义;依据大安全观、广义安全文化和安全科学发展观,给出了科学安全生产观的内涵。可以认为:倡导和弘扬、发展和创新安全文化是预防或减少我国意外伤亡事故和减灾防灾的根本途径。     

土城煤矿角联分支通风稳定性分析与控制

介绍了评价角联分支稳定性的两个指标—风流功率与风量敏感度。利用风流功率指标,衡量角联分支的通风稳定性。根据风量敏感度指标,确定影响角联分支稳定性的关键分支。在角联分支稳定性分析与关键分支确定的基础上,提出提高角联分支稳定性的技术措施,使角联分支的稳定性得到有效提高,矿井通风系统稳定性得到加强。将上述方法在土城煤矿加以应用,取得了良好效果。     

安全法应成为一个独立的法律部门——安全法学初探之一

安全法是国隶制定并保证实施的法律规范。安全立法的根本目的是保障人类的安全与健康.促进社会和生产的发展。我国党和政府历来十分重视安全立法工作,国家制定的各种安全法律规范已达到了相当的程度,由于安全法有着自己的调整对象和自己的特点,同时社会经济发展和生产也需要,所以安全法应成为一个独立的法律部门。     

昆明城区大气PM2.5中重金属浓度水平与健康风险研究

为探讨昆明城区大气环境PM_(2.5)中重金属的质量浓度水平和健康风险,于2013年4月、10月和2014年1月、5月在昆明市3个监测点采集PM_(2.5)样品,利用ICP-MS方法检测了8种重金属Cr、Mn、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、As和Cd的质量浓度水平。结果表明,昆明工业区监测点大气PM_(2.5)中Mn、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、As和Cd的质量浓度高于交通密集区和清洁对照点,冬春季重金属质量浓度高于夏秋季。主成分分析结果表明,昆明城区大气PM_(2.5)重金属主要来源于冶金工业源(49.43%)、地面扬尘和道路交通的混合源(18.73%)和燃煤源(12.61%)。健康风险评价结果表明,昆明城区大气PM_(2.5)中8种重金属对成人和儿童的非致癌风险均小于非致癌风险阈值1,非致癌风险最高的均为Mn,分别为9.21×10~(-3)和3.18×10~(-3);致癌风险最高的是Cr,为1.41×10~(-6),处于致癌风险安全阈值10~(-6)~10~(-4)内。     

基于模糊灰色关联的航空公司机队可靠性指标的优选

机队是航空公司运输能力的关键,机队可靠性是航空公司安全保障的重要环节之一。鉴于影响航空公司机队可靠性指标具有多模糊性和随机性等灰色系统特征,结合模糊灰色关联特性,建立了机队可靠性指标模糊灰色关联分析优选模型。同时为了提高关联度分辨力和满足关联分析更符合实际,对分辨系数取值做了合理的判定。以航空公司机队可靠性统计数据为例,计算得出机队可靠性指标与可靠性等级的关联度和关联序,确定影响机队可靠性指标主要相关因素,找出了机队可靠性最佳优先控制指标。该研究为确定机队可靠性优先控制指标的选取提供了一种较为科学的定量化依据,有助于掌握机队可靠性规律提供支持,对于提高航空公司机队可靠性管理水平具有现实的意义。     

原油储罐火灾扬沸形成时间预测模型研究

扬沸火灾是一种突变性火害现象,其发生能导致巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,其形成时间预测问题一直备受关注。根据能量守恒定律,把原油层内的热量传递看作无内热源、常物性的非稳态传热问题,建晓热量传递模型,通过预测油层内的温度分布,结合小尺度油罐扬沸火灾实验结果,推导出扬沸形成时间预测模型。并对其可靠性进行了案例验证,结果表明模型准确,误筹较小。实验发现随着罐径的增大,水层厚度对扬沸形成时间的影响逐渐减小。通过预测模型计算得到：扬沸形成时间与初始油层厚度和罐径的比值存在正比例关系。     

基于光纤光栅的斜拉索振动参数监测实验研究

斜拉索是斜拉桥的主要受力构件 ,对其动力特性进行监测具有重要意义。斜拉索工作条件恶劣 ,现有的测试方法难以实现长期在线监测 ,实现斜拉索的振动在线测量 ,传感器是问题的关键。光纤光栅传感器具有极其优良的稳定性 ,已被证实适用于长期监测 ,在结构监测领域具有非常广泛的应用前景。笔者提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感器的斜拉索动力特性在线监测方法 ,建立了用光纤布拉格光栅作传感器监测斜拉索振动的测量模型 ,为验证该模型建立了模拟试验装置 ,在实验室进行了模拟实验研究 ,并将光纤光栅和传统的电阻应变片两种测量方法进行了实验对比。与传统测试手段相比 ,该方法结构简单 ,成本低 ,并能实现斜拉索动力特性的长期在线监测。     

Causation of Severe and Fatal Accidents in the Manufacturing Sector

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the most frequent causes of accidents in the manufacturing sector in Andalusia, Spain, to help safety practitioners in the task of prioritizing preventive actions. Official accident investigation reports are analyzed. A causation pattern is identified with the proportion of causes of each of the different possible groups of causes. We found evidence of a differential causation between slight and non-slight accidents. We have also found significant differences in accident causation depending on the mechanism of the accident. These results can be used to prioritize preventive actions to combat the most likely causes of each accident mechanism. We have also done research on the associations of certain latent causes with specific active (immediate) causes. These relationships show how organizational and safety management can contribute to the prevention of active failures.     

Exposure factors of Victoria's active motorcycle fleet related to serious injury crash risk

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the nature and extent of current powered 2-wheeler (PTW) risk exposures in order to support future efforts to improve safety for this mode of transport.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the control arm of a population-based case-control study was conducted. The control sample was selected from 204 sites on public roads within 150 km of the city of Melbourne that were locations of recent serious injury motorcycle crashes. Traffic observations and measurements at each site were sampled for a mean of 2 h on the same type of day (weekday, Saturday, or Sunday) and within 1 h of the crash time. Photographs of passing riders during this observation period recorded data relating to characteristics of PTWs, age of riders, travel speed of PTWs and all vehicles, time gaps between vehicles, visibility, and protective clothing use.

Results: Motorcycles and scooters represented 0.6% of all traffic (compared with 4% of all vehicle registrations). Riders were significantly more likely to have larger time gaps in front and behind when compared to other vehicles. The average travel speed of motorcycles was not significantly different than the traffic, but a significantly greater proportion were exceeding the speed limit when compared to other vehicles (6 vs. 3%, respectively). The age of registered owners of passing motorcycles was 42 years. Over half of riders were wearing dark clothing with no fluorescent or reflective surfaces. One third of motorcyclists had maximum coverage of motorcycle-specific protective clothing.

Conclusions: A very low prevalence of motorcyclists combined with relatively higher rates of larger time gaps to other vehicles around motorcycles may help explain their overrepresentation in injury crashes where another vehicle fails to give way. An increased risk of injury in the event of a crash exists for a small but greater proportion of motorcyclists (compared to other vehicle types) who were exceeding the speed limit. An apparent shift toward older age of the active rider population may be reducing injury crash risk relative to exposure time. There is significant scope to improve the physical conspicuity of motorcyclists and the frequency of motorcycle specific protective clothing use. These results can be used to inform policy development and monitor progress of current and future road safety initiatives.