聚苯乙烯泡沫资源化关键技术研究

介绍了废旧聚苯乙烯（PS）泡沫塑料的回收概况、来源与分类、回收工艺和方法、回收技术瓶颈,重点讨论了熔融造粒法回收和改性废旧聚苯乙烯（Ps）泡沫塑料的工艺与进展,不同造粒回收工艺适合的原料种类,资源化利用的方向等,并对不同回收工艺的聚苯乙烯粒子性能作出了比较。     

大氮肥厂的污染与防治

简述了大氮肥厂主要污染物和污染源;并介绍了国内外对合成氨低变工艺冷凝液、脱碳系统高浓度COD冷凝液、尿素解吸废液、尿素造粒塔粉尘等的防治概况。并为缩小与国外的差距,提出几点建议。     

国内简讯

改进尿素造粒喷头减少环境污染目前国内外尿素造粒一般采用直孔喷头,造粒效果不佳,主要问题是: 1.粘结塔壁和下料漏斗,必须用水冲洗,从而造成尿素损失和水体污染。 2.排气中尿素粉尘超标,通常达到150—200     

粉煤灰复合磁化肥生产线投运

一条年产两万吨的粉煤灰复合磁化肥生产线于3月初在广西田东电厂正式投入生产。能源部电力环保所为该生产线提供了工艺设计和主要设备——磁化器的研制,并与田东电厂、广西土肥所共同完成了设备及生产调试。经试生产证明;整个生产线运行良好,采用的造粒工艺简单可靠,成球率高,湿球含水率低、强度好;研制的磁化器磁场强度和输料强度任意可调;生产的“多利牌”粉煤灰复合磁化肥养分全、外     

废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫材料的再生

通过简单的工艺过程－消泡除杂，造粒，后处理，使废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫材料获得再生。采用本法，消耗原，辅料较少，生产成本较低，生产过程中不产生废气和废渣，仅排出含少量Ｃａ＾＋和Ｈ＾＋的废水，经简单处理后即可达到国家排放标准。     

专利资讯

专利名称：一种处理废旧轮胎的方法;专利名称：废旧轮胎的热解炭黑造粒方法;专利名称：废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒分类机;专利名称：废轮胎蒸馏炼油的加工工艺;专利名称：利用废轮胎生产橡胶板材的方法;专利名称：一种应用废旧轮胎所制复合层免充气轮胎及其生产方法     

用垃圾焚烧飞灰制备陶粒

该发明公开了一种用垃圾焚烧飞灰制备陶粒的方法：以飞灰和黏土为原料（飞灰的质量分数为20％～80％，其余为黏土），经配料、造粒、高温煅烧（烧结温度为1000～1400℃）等工艺制成陶粒。该法将危险废弃物——垃圾焚烧飞灰作为陶粒的制备原料，实现了对固体废弃物无害化、资源化的处理，避免了二次污染，减少了资源浪费，也减少了陶粒工业对天然原料的需求量。     

尿素工厂的污染及防治技术

本文指出了尿素工厂废水、废气直接排放造成环境污染和经济损失的严重性,并详细讨论了造粒塔粉尘和尿素工厂废水的净化与回收技术。     

造粒堆浸在粉质黏土重金属污染修复中的应用

针对粉质黏土对重金属的强吸附性导致淋洗修复难度大的问题，以某Pb污染场地的粉质黏土为研究对象，开展了造粒堆浸实验。加入0.06%(w)的无患子皂苷作为黏结剂造粒制得的球团，抗压碎力为65.87 N，堆浸240 h未发生崩解，满足堆浸要求。造粒可改善堆体的渗透性，240 h时堆体的渗透速率由5.50 L/(m²·h)大幅提升至22.66 L/(m²·h)。以4.00%(w)FeCl₃-5.00%(w)一水柠檬酸混合液作为堆浸液，水土比控制在1.5∶1，当土壤球团粒径1～4 mm、筑堆高度1.5～2.0 m、注液速率20 L/(m²·h)时对Pb的去除效果最优，去除率可达71.65%。对Pb污染土壤造粒堆浸的动力学过程较符合双常数方程，表明该过程具有土壤吸附特征。     

废聚乙烯塑料膜再生利用直接制膜工艺研究

介绍了废聚乙烯塑料膜及制品的循环再生利用技术。原料100%采用废聚乙烯塑料膜;不需造粒、熔粒,直接一次熔融制成新塑料膜;再生的农用地膜和包装膜经权威部门检验测试,各项质量技术指标均达到或超过国家标准,少部分指标超国标5倍以上。由于减少了工序,节约了能源,降低了成本,彻底突破了传统工艺在废聚乙烯塑料膜再生利用过程中,只能添加10%废料的约束;解决了必须经过造粒、二次熔融才能成膜的技术难题。其生产工艺独特、新颖,无"三废"产生。为节约资源、节约能源、循环经济、综合利用、减少污染、保护环境,创出了一条全新的技术途径。     

再生铅冶炼行业典型工艺的铅污染物质流分析

将物质流分析应用于我国再生铅冶炼行业典型工艺(铅膏炼前预脱硫—还原熔炼—精炼)的铅污染研究,构建了再生铅冶炼过程的铅元素流图,并针对铅污染提出了应对措施。研究结果表明:再生铅典型工艺的铅直收率、铅回收率、铅废物循环利用率分别为85.38%,93.96%,97.57%;应重点监控的铅有组织排放依次为外排烟气、熔炼渣、脱硫石膏渣;针对外排烟气中铅烟尘的PM2.5占比高及铅烟尘活性较高易于释放的特点,应选用高效除尘器,进一步提高细烟尘的捕集率;铅无名损失的重点工序依次为熔炼工序、电解精炼工序、合金熔铸工序;冶炼烟尘返回熔炼炉时,应增加制粒工序,以降低熔炼炉的烟尘率。     

Recycled tire granular for playground in hot regions: technical assessment

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Scrap tire granulation used for crumb rubber tiles and poured-in-place rubber surfaces are waste management strategy for the overgrowing tire...     

The variability in nutrient composition of Anaerobic Digestate granules produced from high shear granulation

This study investigates the production of organic fertilizer using Anaerobic Digestate (as a nutrient source) and limestone powder as the raw materials. A two-level factorial experimental design was used to determine the influence of process variables on the nutrient homogeneity within the granules. Increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio during granulation resulted in increased granule nutrient homogeneity. Increasing the processing time and the impeller speed were also found to increase the nutrient homogeneity. In terms of nutrients release into deionized water, the granules effectively released both potassium and phosphate into solution.     

Characteristics of steel slag under different cooling conditions

Four types of steel slags, a ladle slag, a BOF (basic oxygen furnace) slag and two different EAF (electric arc furnace) slags, were characterized and modified by semi-rapid cooling in crucibles and rapid cooling by water granulation. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of different cooling conditions on the properties of glassy slags with respect to their leaching and volume stability. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and a standard test leaching (prEN 12457-2/3) have been used for the investigation. The results show that the disintegrated ladle slag was made volume stable by water granulation, which consisted of 98% glass. However EAF slag 1, EAF slag 2 and the BOF slag formed 17%, 1% and 1% glass, respectively. The leaching test showed that the glass-containing matrix did not prevent leaching of minor elements from the modified slags. The solubility of chromium, molybdenum and vanadium varied in the different modifications, probably due to their presence in different minerals and their different distributions.     

Cultivation of Biogranules in a Continuous Flow Reactor at Low Dissolved Oxygen

This study investigated sludge granulation inoculated with various mixtures of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at low dissolved oxygen (DO; 0.3–0.6 mg/l) or aerobic (>2.5 mg/l) conditions in four parallel flow reactor systems. Formation of high-density coupled granules was achieved in the reactor system inoculated with anaerobic and aerobic sludge seeds (1:1 mass ratio) at low DO concentrations, with a mean size of 2.5 mm after only 27 days of cultivation. The highest ratio of protein (PN) to polysaccharide (PS; 3.3) was observed for the coupled sludge compared to granules cultivated under aerobic conditions. The PN/PS ratio correlated well with high hydrophobicity, low sludge volumetric index, and compact granular structure. Activity tests of the specific anaerobic and aerobic biomass confirmed that anaerobes and aerobes coexisted in the same coupled granule. Based on the optical microscopic and SEM observations, the process of coupled granule formation was proposed.     

低温条件下硬硅钙石二次粒子对UASB反应器污泥颗粒化的影响研究

研究了低温条件下硬硅钙石二次粒子对UASB反应器污泥颗粒化的影响规律。结果表明,硬硅钙石二次粒子可保证厌氧初期细菌所需的碱度,提高系统的耐缓冲能力,有利于维持系统正常的挥发性脂肪酸浓度,促进高浓度颗粒化污泥的形成,提高处理效率。     

Sewage sludge ash to phosphorus fertiliser (II): Influences of ash and granulate type on heavy metal removal

Ashes from monoincineration of sewage sludge suggest themselves as an ideal base for inorganic fertiliser production due to their relatively high phosphorus (P)-content. However, previously they need to be detoxified by reducing their heavy metal content. The core process considered in this paper consists of three steps: mixing of the ashes with suitable chlorine-containing additives, granulation of the mixture and thermochemical treatment in a rotary kiln. Here relevant heavy metal compounds are first transformed into volatile species with the help of the additives and then evaporated from the granules.In this study two chemically different ashes and their mixture were agglomerated to two different granulate types, briquettes and rolled pellets. The resulting six different materials were subjected to thermal treatment at different temperatures. The heavy metals examined were Cu and Zn due to their strong dependence on treatment conditions and their relevance concerning thermal treatment of sewage sludge ashes. Besides, the behaviour of Cl and K was monitored and evaluated.The experiments showed that ash type and temperature are more influential on Cl and heavy metal chemistry than granulate type. Temperature is a primary variable for controlling removal in both cases. Cu removal was less dependent on both ash and granulate type than Zn. The Cl utilization was more effective for Cu than for Zn. Depending on the treatment conditions some K could be retained, whereas always all P remained in the treated material. This satisfies the requirement for complete P recycling.     

Pelleted organo-mineral fertilisers from composted pig slurry solids, animal wastes and spent mushroom compost for amenity grasslands

In Ireland, conversion of biodegradable farm wastes such as pig manure spent mushroom compost and poultry litter wastes to pelletised fertilisers is a desirable option for farmers. In this paper, results obtained from the composting of pig waste solids (20% w/w) blended with other locally available biodegradable wastes comprising poultry litter (26% w/w), spent mushroom compost (26% w/w), cocoa husks (18% w/w) and moistened shredded paper (10% w/w) are presented. The resulting 6-mo old 'mature' composts had a nutrient content of 2.3% total N, 1.6% P and 3.1% K, too 'low' for direct use as an agricultural fertiliser. Formulations incorporating dried blood or feather meal amendments enriched the organic N-content, reduced the moisture in mature compost mixtures and aided the granulation process. Inclusion of mineral supplements viz., sulphate of ammonia, rock phosphate and sulphate of potash, yielded slow release fertilisers with nutrient N:P:K ratios of 10:3:6 and 3:5:10 that were suited for amenity grasslands such as golf courses for spring or summer application and autumn dressing, respectively. Rigorous microbiological tests carried out throughout the composting, processing and pelletising phases indicated that the formulated organo-mineral fertilisers were free of vegetative bacterial pathogens.     

Limitations for heavy metal release during thermo-chemical treatment of sewage sludge ash

Phosphate recycling from sewage sludge can be achieved by heavy metal removal from sewage sludge ash (SSA) producing a fertilizer product: mixing SSA with chloride and treating this mixture (eventually after granulation) in a rotary kiln at 1000 ± 100 °C leads to the formation of volatile heavy metal compounds that evaporate and to P-phases with high bio-availability. Due to economical and ecological reasons, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of this technology. Generally, fluidized bed reactors are characterized by high heat and mass transfer and thus promise the saving of energy. Therefore, a rotary reactor and a fluidized bed reactor (both laboratory-scale and operated in batch mode) are used for the treatment of granulates containing SSA and CaCl₂. Treatment temperature, residence time and - in case of the fluidized bed reactor - superficial velocity are varied between 800 and 900 °C, 10 and 30 min and 3.4 and 4.6 m s⁻¹. Cd and Pb can be removed well (>95 %) in all experiments. Cu removal ranges from 25% to 84%, for Zn 75-90% are realized. The amount of heavy metals removed increases with increasing temperature and residence time which is most pronounced for Cu.In the pellet, three major reactions occur: formation of HCl and Cl₂ from CaCl₂; diffusion and reaction of these gases with heavy metal compounds; side reactions from heavy metal compounds with matrix material. Although, heat and mass transfer are higher in the fluidized bed reactor, Pb and Zn removal is slightly better in the rotary reactor. This is due the accelerated migration of formed HCl and Cl₂ out of the pellets into the reactor atmosphere. Cu is apparently limited by the diffusion of its chloride thus the removal is higher in the fluidized bed unit.