浙江省慈溪农村环境综合整治示范工程评述

在农业和农村现代化进程中 ,按可持续发展的要求 ,促进农村环境生态化 ,深化环境综合整治 ,推动农村环保工作 ,提高人民的生活质量是各级政府有关部门的一项义不容辞的责任。遏制农村生活、生态环境恶化的趋势 ,加大环境综合整治的力度 ,努力创造洁美家园 ,是全社会共同的要求。然而一些农村环境脏、乱、差 ,垃圾乱倒乱堆乱烧 ,河道水质污染等问题十分突出。这些环境问题造成群众生活质量下降 ,阻碍可持续发展 ,与农村现代化建设极不相称。慈溪市从形象工程入手 ,依靠社会力量 ,开展环境综合整治 ,在短期内取得了一定成绩 ,为浙江省如何搞好…     

论县域环境规划的原则与内容

根据生态理论的要求，从经济发展战略、资源开发利用、环境综合整治等方面论述了县域环境规划编制的原则，并提出环境污染综合整治规划、县域生态规划及规划的实施支持与保证。     

龚帕兹曲线模型在城市环境综合整治规划指标分析预测中的应用

城市环境综合整治规划是城市环境综合整治的指南。在制定城市环境综合整治规划之前必须对城市的社会、经济、自然环境和城市环境质量等的实际情况进行调查研究、分析、评价,并确定“城市环境承载力”后,方可进行科学地预测。预测的方法可分为两大类,一类是依靠调查研究,经验判断的方法;另一类是依据统计资料建立数学模型的方法。本文依据历年的统计资料用龚帕兹曲线模型来分析、预测城市环境综合整治规划指标。     

天目湖流域农业面源污染控制研究

天目湖是溧阳市饮用水源地,近年的水质下降,与流域农业面源污染和旅游产业发展不无关系。因此,通过对农田、林地、居民居住地地表径流污染以及畜禽、水产养殖、农村生活及旅游等氮、磷污染物排放量的估算,提出农业化肥减施、种植业结构调整、农田基础设施生态改造、农村环境综合整治等控制措施。     

嘉兴市城市环境综合整治规划研究通过鉴定

正值确定“九五”计划和2010年远景目标之际,嘉兴市城市综合整治规划研究于1996年3月20日顺利通过评审。 嘉兴是国务院批准的首批对外开放的14个城市之一。随着嘉兴经济的快速发展,环境受到污染,生态受到影响,尤其是水环境的恶化已成为制约经济、社会发展的因素。嘉兴市环保局及时联合华东师范大学进行了环境综合整治规划研究,在对环境各要素现状评价和历史回顾的基础上,详细地分析了嘉兴的主要环境问题,预测了发展趋势,并提出了具体的综合整治措施,建立了GIS环境信息系统,为政府制订经济发展、城市建设和环境建设计划提供了决策依据。研究内容丰富,     

农村河流污染特点及其控制措施探讨

在对农村河流污染特点进行分析的基础上,对如何有效控制农村河流污染的措施进行了一定的探讨,提出规划在前、政府重视、发动群众、综合整治、循环利用、结合特点、区别对待、建立制度、长效管理的农村河流保护措施。     

射阳县黄沙港流域面源污染现状及防治对策

针对农村面源污染日渐突出的问题,以农村饮用水源地黄沙港为例分析了农村面源污染的现状和成因,并从乡镇规划、生活污水处理工艺选择、畜禽水产业污染治理、农药化肥的施用、农业废弃物利用技术等方面提出防治措施。     

杭州城市环境噪声综合整治规划研究

从研究分析杭州城市环境噪声的污染现状与发展趋势出发，确定了杭州城市环境噪声综合整治目标，制定出综合整治规划方案，提出了实施方案的一系列保证措施和建议，为制定《杭州城市环境综合整治规划》提供依据。文中环境噪声质量基准年为１９９５年。环境噪声质量分析和规划范围分以下三层次：①杭州市域：包括杭州市区和七县（市）总区域，杭州市区主城连片建成区和七县（市）行政机关所在地的连片建成区；②中心城市圈：包括杭州市区主城连片建成区和萧山市、余杭市、富阳市行政机关所在地的连片建成区；③杭州市区：包括杭州市主城区的连…     

浙江省建德三都生态村建设研究项目通过鉴定

三都镇位于兰江、新安江、富春江三江交汇处。首批参与试点的有四个村,总面积达12.3平方公里,具有江南丘陵山区典型特征。试点研究综合考虑人口、资源、能源、经济和环境,以农村生态环境的综合整治为主导,统一规划、分村实施,实行山、水、田、林、路综合整治和水体、农田、庭院、缓坡、高山五个层次的立体开发,正确引导乡镇企业发展,重视群众生态教育和技术培训,促进了经济与生产环境的协调发展。经过三     

农村水环境的生态治理模式与技术探讨

从农村的自然生态环境和农业生产的需要出发,分析了农村水污染源的资源性特点,指出了农村水污染的实质是富余肥料资源大量流失到水体,而不是被农作物等吸收利用,从而建立了源头控制、过程生态处理利用、终端生态修复的农村水环境生态治理模式,并分析了相关技术要点。     

煤矸石和粉煤灰pH与电导率动态变化规律及其相关性研究

煤矸石和粉煤灰是煤矿区两种常见的固体废弃物,对环境造成极大的污染。pH波动幅度大是废弃物农用治理的主要障碍之一。对两种废弃物连续浸提时的pH和电导率(EC)进行长期动态监测,结果表明,不同层次的煤矸石尽管风化程度不同,但经过长时间浸取后,pH和EC变化趋势相似,且煤矸石、粉煤灰的pH、EC值有很大的相关性。该试验为今后两种废弃物合理利用奠定了基础。     

浙江省农业清洁生产技术体系构建的探讨

通过对农业清洁生产的内涵特征以及农业清洁生产对技术需求的全面分析,阐明了农业清洁生产技术体系的构建思路,提出了以标准化生产技术、农产品质量安全监测技术、农业投入品替代及农业资源高效利用技术、产地环境修复和地力恢复技术、农业废弃物资源化及其清洁化生产链接技术、农业信息技术等为主要内容的农业清洁生产技术体系框架.通过稻田清洁生产实施案例,验证了农业清洁生产技术在实际中的成功应用.     

中国固体废物法规体系框架分析

固体废物污染与其它环境污染不同,具有综合性、长期性和潜在性。固体废物管理更为强调综合利用和全过程管理,必须通过立法建立科学完善的法律制度来加强固体废物的管理。有关固体废物污染防治的法律、法规、部门规章、地方法规和环境技术标准构成了固体废物法规体系的基本框架。在系统分析现有固体废物法规中存在的问题的基础上,对固体废物管理的法规框架进行了探讨。通过立法,以“统一协调,分工负责”的原则规范各部门对固体废物的管理职能。还强调通过立法、健全监督机制、从法律上限制个人对行政权的滥用、制订技术政策与环境技术标准。除了行政责任外,论文还着重强调了环境违法者的民事责任和刑事责任。     

扬州市危险废弃物现状及处置措施

通过对扬州市危险废弃物环境管理现状的分析,提出了加强危险废物环境管理的几点措施.     

Inventory of heavy metal content in organic waste applied as fertilizer in agriculture: evaluating the risk of transfer into the food chain

Background, aim, and scope  

In this work, an environmental risk assessment of reusing organic waste of differing origins and raw materials as agricultural fertilizers was carried out. An inventory of the heavy metal content in different organic wastes (i.e., compost, sludge, or manure) from more than 80 studies at different locations worldwide is presented.     

Effect of turning frequency on co-composting pig manure and fungus residue

Composting of agricultural wastes not only can reduce environmental pollution caused by improper disposal, but also can recycle agricultural wastes and transform them into highly valuable products, such as fertilizers or soil conditioners, for agricultural applications. However, the composting process and final product are easily affected by the limited oxygen supply that results from insufficient aeration, especially in the center of a large-scale windrow. Hence, a pilot-scale experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the turning frequency on the composting efficiency and compost quality of used pig manure and fungus residue. Physical and chemical characteristics were measured over the course of 63 days of composting. The data indicate that higher temperatures and more rapid moisture removal generally result from a turning treatment of once every 2–4 days than in fewer, or no, turning treatments. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents increased in all windrows as the organic matter content decreased, but both the increases and decrease were greater in windrows that were turned more frequently. The reduction of the organic matter mass by 53.7–66.0% for a turning of once every 2–8 days is significantly higher than that for the static windrow (39.1%). Although there is an increase in nitrogen mass loss with an increased turning frequency, lower nitrogen mass losses (12.7–25.7%) in all treatments were noted compared with previous studies. A final compost product with less moisture, less weight, higher nutrient content (N, P, and K), and greater stability was obtained in windrows with turning frequencies of once every 2–4 days, which is recommended when composting pig manure and fungus residue.

Implications: Composting of agricultural wastes not only can reduce environmental pollution caused by improper disposal, but recycling of agricultural wastes transforms them into highly valuable products, such as fertilizers or soil conditioners, for agricultural applications. However, the composting process and final product are easily affected by the limited oxygen supply that results from insufficient aeration, especially in the center of a large-scale windrow. Hence, a pilot-scale experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the turning frequency on the composting efficiency and compost quality of used pig manure and fungus residue, so as to capture an operational technique suitable for the effective co-composting pig manure and edible fungi residue for a large-scale composting plant.     

易腐性有机垃圾的产生与处理技术途径比较

我国城市垃圾以易腐性有机垃圾为主.目前有关管理部门提出逐步减少进入填埋场的易腐性有机垃圾量,因此,必须寻求其他填埋替代技术消纳易腐性有机垃圾物流.本文对几种常规技术方案进行了比较.认为应该根据非餐饮业和餐饮业易腐性有机垃圾各自的产生源特点,采取不同的处理方案;但目前这些替代技术用于处理易腐垃圾时均存在各自的缺陷.本文据此提出了相应的技术完善要求和配套管理政策建议.     

农业废弃物的资源化利用

我国的农业资源浪费和破坏现象十分严重,解决这一问题的根本途径是开展农业废弃物的资源化利用,它是农业可持续发展的重要方面。本文在分析了农业废弃物资源化利用的理论基础后,讨论了农业废弃物的主要资源化利用途径和支持与保障体系。     

From chemical risk assessment to environmental resources management: the challenge for mining

On top of significant improvements and progress made through science and engineering in the last century to increase efficiency and reduce impacts of mining to the environment, risk assessment has an important role to play in further reducing such impacts and preventing and mitigating risks. This paper reflects on how risk assessment can improve planning, monitoring and management in mining and mineral processing operations focusing on the importance of better understanding source–pathway–receptor linkages for all stages of mining. However, in light of the ever-growing consumption and demand for raw materials from mining, the need to manage environmental resources more sustainably is becoming increasingly important. The paper therefore assesses how mining can form an integral part of wider sustainable resources management, with the need for re-assessing the potential of mining in the context of sustainable management of natural capital, and with a renewed focus on its the role from a systems perspective. The need for understanding demand and pressure on resources, followed by appropriate pricing that is inclusive of all environmental costs, with new opportunities for mining in the wastes we generate, is also discussed. Findings demonstrate the need for a life cycle perspective in closing the loop between mining, production, consumption and waste generation as the way forward.     

Classification of dimension stone wastes

Purpose

For countries in which the stone industry is well developed, opposition to quarry and plant waste is gradually increasing. The primary step for waste control and environmental management is to define the problem of concern. In this study, natural building stone wastes were classified for the first time in the literature.

Methods

Following on-site physical observations and research at more than 50 quarries and 20 plants, stone wastes were classified as (1) solid, (2) dust and (3) semi-slurry, slurry and cake.

Conclusions

As a result of this study, the characteristics of wastes, their main environmental threats and the industries in which wastes could be used were defined for each group.