溧阳市社区居民防震减灾科学素质调查研究

为了解溧阳地震四十年来该地居民防震减灾科学素质情况,通过问卷调查的方式对社区居民的个人基本信息、防震减灾科学知识理解、知识需求和偏好,以及对江苏省防震减灾科普宣教工作的评价进行调研。采用SPSS软件进行数据处理。结果表明,溧阳市社区居民防震减灾科学知识水平处于中等偏上水平,但对地震预报信息发布和相关法律法规认知方面还有欠缺;防震减灾知识需求强烈且务实,最想了解的是自救互救知识,偏好科普讲座和应急演练活动;对我省防震减灾科普宣传工作的评价为中等偏上,在评价过程中,最主要的影响因子是防震减灾科普知识实用性、宣传品质和渠道。本次调查为今后开展溧阳市社区防震减灾科普宣传工作提供了理论依据。     

地震应急演练虚拟仿真应用技术

地震是一种破坏性极大的突发性自然灾害。破坏性地震发生后,各级政府和部门必须迅速应对这种突发性事件。开展应急演练培训,能提高应急管理人员的应急处置和科学决策能力。应用虚拟仿真应用技术构建了虚拟地震应急演练平台,提出了系统体系结构、想定编辑器、演练控制的设计思想以及虚拟应急演练的组织方式。虚拟地震应急演练平台使演练者能够通过看地震灾害现场,做出相应决策,从而增强受训者的临场感觉,提升地震应急管理人员的快速反应和应急处置能力。     

汶川地震后幸存人员心理危机干预方法研究

选取汶川地震中的伤员和陪护家属各40人作为干预对象,采用心理治疗中的心理危机干预方法,对干预对象进行心理危机干预。干预过程分为3个阶段,分别是以构建良性关系为目的的初始阶段、以治疗为核心的干预和稳定阶段、以评估干预效果为目的的评估阶段。干预评估结果显示,心理危机干预前后,伤员和陪护家属评估结果存在显著差异（P<0.001）;与语言方法相比,该研究方法进行心理危机干预后,各量表得分显著下降,症状自评量表各评估方向得分显著低于语言方法的量表得分,前、后侧得分间差异存在统计学意义,说明该方法心理危机干预对震后人员恢复,效果较好。     

城市中学生地震灾害感知研究——以陕西省宝鸡市石油中学为例

以陕西宝鸡石油中学学生为例,通过问卷调查方式,对其地震灾害认识水平、防震减灾基本技能、自救互救情况、震后心理倾向和信息传播进行了研究。采用权重法,利用Excel和SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果表明:①城市中学生地震知识掌握的准确性和深度还很不够,防震减灾意识淡薄;②城市中学生掌握的实际防震减灾技能不足,但有迫切的学习需求;③城市中学生具有基本的自救能力,但自救互救的组织性和主动性较差;④城市中学生具有广泛的地震信息来源,但辨别地震谣言的能力不强,易于传播地震谣言。针对上述结果,提出了强化城市中学生防震减灾教育的相关建议。     

我国部分省市初中生防灾素养调查研究

为了解我国初中生防灾素养水平,找出制约其防灾素养提升的关键因素,总结一般问题,并提出相应策略,分别选取了经济发展程度相对较高的北京、上海、天津、广东、福建及黑龙江6个省市的初中各年级学生作为调查对象,回收有效问卷7 313份(发放10 000份)。调查发现,我国初中生防灾素养总体水平偏低,初中生大多具有正向积极的防灾态度,防灾态度维度得分高于防灾技能,防灾知识维度最低。但这只能看作全国较高水平,而不能看作一般水平,真实情况可能更令人堪忧。针对此情况,提出要针对学生年龄及心理特点开展课程开发相关研究,以期促进灾害教育的开展与学生防灾素养的提升。     

天津市自然灾害特征及防治对策

依据自然灾害统计资料，对天津市20世纪中各种自然灾害，特别是干旱、雨涝、冰雹、风暴潮、地震、地面沉降等6种主要自然灾害的时间变化和空间分布特征进行了分析，揭示了该市20世纪以来干旱、雨涝、冰雹、风暴潮、地震灾害发生的频繁性、波动性和空间差异性，以及干旱和地面沉降灾害的区域性和日趋严重性的特点。在此基础上，根据主要自然灾害致灾因子强度空间分布特点，并结合区域孕灾环境分异状况，将天津市划分为3个灾害区，对各区的孕灾环境和自然灾害区域组合特征进行了简要评价，提出了自然灾害综合防治的相关对策。     

The underutilization of street markets as a source of food security indicators in famine early warning systems: a case study of Ethiopia

Famine Early Warning Systems (EWS) are reliant on data aggregated from multiple sources. Consequently, they are often insensitive to localized changes in food security status, leading to delayed response or interventions. While price and infrastructural data are often gathered, this case study suggests that local street markets and vendor knowledge are underutilized. Few efforts have been made to monitor systematically the street markets as an indicator of local stressors. Findings from Ethiopia show that knowledge generated by expanding food security indicators in this sector can be used in combination with EWS to facilitate earlier intervention in, or to monitor more effectively, on-going humanitarian crises. Indicators developed from this study are accurate, cost effective, and sensitive to local climatic and food stressors.     

肺炎疫情期间医护人员心理危机干预效果分析

为提升医护人员心理健康水平,该文对肺炎疫情期间医护人员实施心理危机干预并分析其效果,以参与2020年1月25日-2月25日湖北省武汉市新冠肺炎疫情期间救治工作的300名医护人员作为研究对象,平均划分为实验组和对照组,其中针对实验组实施统一的心理危机干预训练,此期间对照组未参与训练但日常生活与实验组统一,选取四种量表分别对干预前后的两组实施测评。测评结果表明,干预后实验组的SCL-90各因子得分、SDS得分及SAS得分较干预前均下降明显,且下降幅度超过对照组;实验组干预后的GQOLI总得分与各维度得分均较干预前显著升高,且升高幅度高于对照组。综上,心理危机干预可显著提升医护人员的心理健康水平,缓解其心理紧张等症状,能够在一定程度上降低肺炎疫情期间医护人员的心理危机感。     

地震社会心理与防震减灾宣传

运用社会心理学的知识和以往研究结果，对社会公众对待有关地震事件的社会心理作了深入分析，并对新时期社会心理的时代特征作了初步探讨。综合上述分析，提出了防震减灾宣传工作首先要了解地震社会心理，并根据社会心理的时代特征进行创新的观点：防震减灾宣传工作要针对不同层次人群的不同社会心理和需求，要注意同一人群不同地震时期的不同的社会心理，还要注意不同宣传形式的作用和效果。据此，提出了针对不同人群和不同时期的社会心理、结合形式多样和具有时代特征的不同的防震减灾宣传策略。     

淮阴城镇区域防震意识的调查研究

本文以社会成员中的政府首脑、科级干部、知识分子、工人和学生为研究对象,以震灾(震情)、防范(社会和个人)、信息(途径和信度)为物质基础,从十个方面对淮阴市城镇2000多人作开放式调查。调查结果发现:在存在大震背景而无显著地震事件的淮阴市城镇,社会成员防震意识的总体倾向性表现为:对震情缺乏了解,对预报寄于希望,对宣传比较重视,对抗震设防和防震规划关注不够,对地震部门的信誉不高。防震意识还显示出与社会不同职业阶层的相关性。通过实例剖析进一步指出,增强防震意识对于社会公众主要是扩大、深化宣传教育;对于政府首脑则是改善信息的素质。     

新一代地震预报专家系统NGESEP知识库子系统

对新一代地震预报专家系统ＮＧＥＳＥＰ中“规则／框架”知识、学习知识、一般规则进行了详细的介绍,给出了各类知识在地震预报中所对应的不同含义和一致性检查的方法。     

汶川地震地表变形特征

汶川地震地表变形特征丰富多彩。在震后40天自北至南对地震地表变形现象进行了为期10天的专题考察和分析,对北川、擂鼓、汉旺、蓥华、白鹿、小鱼洞、虹口和映秀等8个断裂出露部位进行了重点剖析。结果表明,不同侧面,不同级次的现象均显示出统一的变形变位图案,但具体而言它们比理论模型、规例要复杂得多。它们具体表现为:沿汶川地震断裂面推挤形成隆起,产生纵向、横向裂隙;推挤前缘冲断塌落,形成逆断型崩积楔;多方向挤压、或引张,显示同一应力作用下变形组合的复杂性。这些均不同程度地丰富了现有的应力作用理论。     

用图像识别方法确定福建地震发生的相对概率

在地震危险性分析中,潜在震源区地震活动性参数的确定是关键的一环。为了不低估大地震的影响,恰如基分地将地震年平均发生率分配到带内各个潜在震源之内,准确确定地震带内发生Mj档震级的地震落在第i 个潜在震源区的概率是关键的一步。本文采用图像识别方法确定地震发生的相对概率,可以较客观地反映地震的时、空不均匀性,准确地确定地震带内发生Mj档震级的地震落在第i个潜在震源区的概率。     

中期强震预报的TIP方法原理及其应用

在剖析了V.keilia-Borok研究小组近年来提出的强震预报(Time of increasedprobability)方法的基础上,本文简要地介绍了该方法的原理,采用1970-01-01至1991-12-31的全国地震目录,通过两种途径,用Tip方法对云南省和台湾省发生的7级以上(含7级)强震做了检验地震目录,通过表明Tip方法对强震的预报成功率还是较高的.在此基础上,我们又试验将该方法推广应用于云南省发生的6.5级以上(含6.5级)地震,结果表明适当修改地震流函数后,也可以得到较满意的结果.     

The source parameters, surface deformation and tectonic setting of three recent earthquakes: thessalonki (Greece), tabas-e-golshan (iran) and carlisle (u.k.)

Abstract- Three earthquakes have been studied. These are the Thessaloniki earthquake of 20th June 1978 (Ms = 6.4, Normal faulting), the Tabase-Golshan earthquake of 16th September 1978 (Ms = 7.7 Thrust faulting) and the Carlisle earth-quake of 26th December 1979 (Mb = 5.0, Thrust faulting). The techniques employed to determine source parameters included field studies of SUP face deformation, fault breaks, locations of locally recorded aftershocks and teleseismic studies including joint hypocentral location, first motion methods and waveform modelling. It is clear that these techniques applied together provide more information than the same methods used separately. The moment of the Thessaloniki earthquake determined teleseismically (Force moment 5.2 times 10(25) dyne cm. Geometric moment 1.72 times 10(8) m(3) ) is an order of magnitude greater than that determined using field data (surface ruptures and aftershock depths) (Force moment 4.5 times 10(24) dyne cm. Geometric moment 0.16 times 10(8) m(3) ). It is concluded that for this earthquake the surface rupture only partly reflects the processes on the main rupture plane. This view i s supported by a distribution of aftershocks and damage which extends well outside the region of ground rupture. However, the surface breaks consistently have the same slip vector direction as the fault plane solutions suggesting that they are in this respect related to to the main faulting and are not superficial slumping. Both field studies and waveform studies suggest a low stress drop which may explain the relatively little damage and loss of life as a result of the Thessaloniki earthquake. In contrast, the teleseismic moment of the Tabas-e-Golshan earthquake (Force moment 4.4 times 10(26) dyne cm. Geometric moment 1.5 times 10(9) m(3) ) is similar t o that determined from field studies (Force moment 10.2 times 10(26) dyne cm. Geometric moment 3.4 times 10(9) m(3) ) and the damage and after-shock distributions clearly relate to the surface faulting. It h a s also been observed that high aftershock activity appears beneath gaps in the surface rupture system. The Carlisle earthquake (Force moment 9 times 10(23) dyne cm. Geometric moment 3 times 10(6) m(3) ) produced no surface ruptures. However, dislocation model-ling suggests that surface deformation will be visible on a first order levelling line which passes very close t o the epicentre. A well controlled fault plane solution, the first in the British Isles, derived from an aftershock study shows north-south compression. All three studied earthquakes occurred along major faults which had been reactivated in geological times. The fault on which the Tabas-e-Golshan earthquake occurred could have been identified a s active from evidence of Quaternary motion and previous smaller earthquakes. However, there were no perceptible events in the 12 months preceeding the catastrophic earthquake. In both Thessaloniki and Carlisle, significant foreshocks did occur within 6 months prior to the main shock*     

MEDICAL MISSION TO A REFUGEE CAMP IN THAILAND

Abstract— During the latter part of 1979, hundreds of thousands of Kampuchean refugees fled from all parts of their war-and hunger-ridden country to the Thai–Cambodian border, thousands perishing from hunger, disease and by stepping onto mine fields on their way. The majority of those who survived settled in several large villages straddling the border in relative security from the advancing Vietnamese army, receiving food and medical supplies from many international welfare organizations.
Widespread public interest in the plight of these refugees arose in Israel after a television program late in October 1979, and a public campaign was initiated by Mr. Abie Nathan, an Israeli citizen. The ensuing large-scale fund raising efforts resulted in the substantial sum of 1.2 million dollars, most of which originated from private donations. These contributions enabled the Israeli government to equip 5 medical teams and send them to Thailand, covering the last 2 months of 1979 and the first 4 months of 1980.
The first medical team, consisting of 5 physicians and 4 medics started i t s work in the camp of SaKaeo in Thailand on 4th November 1979.
This paper summarizes our experiences in this refugee camp.     

周至井气氡异常与邻近地区地震的关系初探

在宁夏灵武ML4．6级地震、甘肃礼县ML5．2级地震、甘肃岷县ML5．3级地震和甘肃华亭ML4．2级地震前后，周至井的气氧观数据均出现了大幅度的上升异常，说明周至井的气氧异常和邻近地区的地震有着较好的对应关系，本文对出现这种对应关系的机理进行了讨论．     

依法做好地震应急是减轻地震灾害的关键环节

本文结合当前地震形势及地震灾害的突发性、社会性、广泛性，对《破坏性地震应急条例》作了阐述，进而论证了依法搞好地震应急总工作是减轻地震灾害的重要环节。     

An earthquake disaster in Turkey: an overview of the experience of the Israeli Defence Forces Field Hospital in Adapazari

On 17 August 1999 at 3:04 a.m., an earthquake of 7.4 magnitude (Richter scale) struck the Marmara region in Turkey. The city of Adapazari suffered 2,680 fatalities with approximately 5,300 injured. The Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) field hospital arrived at Adapazari, on day four after the quake. The team consisted of 102 personnel. The field hospital acted as a secondary referral centre. A total of 1,205 patients were treated in the field hospital between day four and day 14 of the earthquake. The frequency distribution of the medical problems seen in the field hospital was 32 per cent internal medicine, 13 per cent general surgery including plastic, 21 per cent orthopaedic surgery, 23 per cent paediatric disease, 10 per cent obstetrics and gynaecology and 1 per cent major psychiatric disorders. A mean number of 35 patients per day were hospitalised in the field hospital for between 24 hours to one week. The rapid establishment of the field hospital enabled the local medical facilities to 'buy time' in order to organise and restore surgical and hospitalisation abilities in this disastrous situation.