农业源头流域景观异质性与溪流水质耦合关系

以丹江口库区胡家山流域为研究区域,分析了溪流枯、丰水期的水质变化特征,结合流域和河岸缓冲带景观类型及其格局,运用Spearman秩相关分析筛选了影响溪流水质的景观指数,利用逐步回归和冗余排序法定量描述景观格局与溪流水质的耦合关系.结果表明：溪流水质指标中氨氮和总磷浓度时空变化较大,其标准变异系数范围分别为69.8%~207.6%和52.0%~146.1%.景观类型中耕地和居民地是溪流水体污染的重要来源,两者在100m河岸缓冲带尺度上对氨氮的解释程度为58.6%,高于流域尺度;景观格局指数中蔓延度、林地和居民地斑块密度、林地和居民地最大斑块指数以及林地和耕地聚集度指数等显著影响溪流水质（P<0.05）,流域尺度上各景观类型的景观指数对总氮和总磷的解释程度分别介于71.1%~81.6%和74.5%~83.8%,均高于100m河岸缓冲带尺度,其中蔓延度对总氮和总磷均有显著影响（P<0.05）.无显著因子进入高锰酸盐指数模型中,其浓度变化是各景观指数共同作用的结果.此外,景观格局季节变化也显著影响溪流水质.枯水期景观指数能够更好的解释总氮和总磷变化,而丰水期对氨氮的解释程度要好于枯水期.     

不同时空尺度下土地利用结构与空间格局对苏州河水质的影响

土地利用与河湖水质的关系存在时空异质性.以上海苏州河为研究对象,基于2001、2005、2010、2015和2020年水质监测和土地利用数据,提取5种空间尺度（200、500、1 000、2 000和5 000 m河段缓冲区）的景观格局指数,采用相关分析和冗余分析,研究了多时空尺度下苏州河水质与缓冲带土地利用构成和空间格局特征的响应关系.结果表明：①苏州河水质近20年呈逐步改善趋势,TN是当前水体主要污染物.②不同尺度缓冲带土地利用均以建设用地为主,绿地林地占比呈小幅增长趋势.③缓冲带土地利用景观特征与水质存在关联性,并表现出时间和空间尺度效应.时间尺度上,建设用地、农业用地、景观优势度、聚集度和多样性指数与各项水质参数呈现出显著的相关性.就NH₄⁺-N、TP和TN而言,2010年呈现出与其他年份相反的相关关系.2001年土地利用景观特征对水质的总解释率最高,为93.65%.近10年来,绿地林地对水质的调控作用凸显.④空间尺度上,绿地林地、斑块数量、景观形状和多样性指数与大部分水质指标呈现出显著的相关性.绿地林地对NH₄⁺-N、TP和TN的正调控效应均以2 000 m尺度最强.斑块数量和景观形状指数在较大空间尺度上对水质的调控作用相对较强,而香农多样性指数则在小尺度上对水质起到较好的正调控作用.2 000 m尺度下土地利用景观特征对水质总解释率最高,为68.47%.研究表明,增加2 000 m缓冲区内绿地林地的面积并优化其景观配置将对苏州河水质保护具有积极作用.     

艾比湖区域景观格局与河流水质关系探讨

为进一步明确景观格局对河流水质的影响.本研究选择新疆艾比湖区域为研究对象,以28个水质采样点为中心,建立100、200、300、400 m的河流缓冲区,并提取土地利用/覆被-景观格局数据.首先,通过主成分分析获得水环境的主要水质变量.其次,利用多元线性回归探讨研究区不同宽度缓冲区土地利用/覆被-景观格局变化对河流水质的影响,获得水质管理的有效缓冲区.结果表明：①2015年5月,在艾比湖区域测得的18个地表水水质指标中提取TDS、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺-N、HCO₃^-、Na⁺和TP这6个水质指标.②对斑块密度（PD）、最大斑块指数（LPI）、边缘密度（ED）、景观形状指数（LSI）、蔓延度指数（CONTAG）进行统计分析,发现人类活动在4个缓冲区内强弱不均.③本文在不同尺度的缓冲区下,将PD、LPI、ED、LSI、CONTAG和TDS、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺-N、HCO₃^-、Na⁺、TP分别进行相关性分析,发现300m缓冲区相关性最为显著.④在300m缓冲区内,通过多元线性回归分析,将TDS、HCO₃^-与其各自对应的景观指数的关系进行定量化表达,进一步探明区域流域地表水与周围一定缓冲区范围内的景观格局的内在关系.     

澜沧江流域梯级水库建设下水体营养盐和叶绿素a的空间分布特征

澜沧江梯级水库群建设对流域水生态环境产生了一定的影响,将流域水体划分为自然河道段和水库段.为了探究梯级水库建设后澜沧江流域不同类型水体氮、磷营养盐和叶绿素a浓度的空间变化规律以及叶绿素a浓度与环境因子之间的关系,于2017年6月对澜沧江流域生态环境进行了调查分析.结果表明,澜沧江水体总氮质量浓度变化范围为0.37~1.22 mg·L^-1,均值为0.70 mg·L^-1;总磷质量浓度变化范围0.01~0.19 mg·L^-1,均值为0.04 mg·L^-1.单因素ANOVA分析表明,总氮空间差异显著,表现为支流段 > 水库段 > 自然河道段;但总磷没有明显的空间差异.澜沧江水库段水体叶绿素a浓度变化范围为2.6~10.2μg·L^-1,均值为5.8μg·L^-1.Pearson相关性分析结果显示,水体叶绿素a浓度与总磷浓度、水温和真光层与混合层之比（Z_eu/Z_mix）等具有显著相关性,其中与Z_eu/Z_mix的相关性最高（R²=0.689,P=0.001）,表明水温分层驱动下的Z_eu/Z_mix是影响澜沧江水库水体中浮游植物生长的关键性指标.     

北京密云水库流域水体夏季DOC和DIC质量浓度及同位素组成初探

为丰富水库水体碳循环研究,有效地从源头控制饮用水源水营养盐输入.以北京境内密云水库及其主要入库河流（密云水库流域水体,包括白河干支流、潮河干支流和密云水库）为研究对象,京密引水渠水体为参比,对比分析了夏季不同水体溶解性有机碳和溶解性无机碳的质量浓度水平及碳同位素组成.结果表明,密云水库流域水体夏季溶解性有机碳（DOC）质量浓度的总体变化范围是1.07~5.19 mg ·L^-1,平均值是2.61 mg ·L^-1;δ¹³C_DOC值变化范围为-27.4‰~-24.3‰,平均值为-25.8‰.入库河流夏季DOC主要来自土壤有机质,密云水库夏季DOC主要来自陆源C3植物,内源物质对流域水体DOC同样有一定贡献,水位升高导致库滨带淹水可能是密云水库DOC偏高的重要原因.研究区域水体夏季δ¹³C_DIC值变化范围为-12.6‰~-5.75‰,平均值为-9.44‰,土壤CO₂溶解碳酸盐岩过程是河流溶解性无机碳（DIC）的主要贡献者,且DIC明显被水生生物的光合作用所利用.密云水库溶解性碳（DOC和DIC）浓度显著高于京密引水渠水体（P<0.01）,两种水体碳素浓度、组分可能存在差异.总体上,除个别点位外,密云水库流域水体夏季DOC受人类生活源影响较小,DIC转化为DOC可能同样是夏季库区水体DOC的潜在来源.     

抚仙湖梁王河流域农业耕作与流域水质响应关系研究

以抚仙湖北岸梁王河流域为研究对象,选取流域中2种典型耕作方式水稻-小麦（R-W）轮作和烤烟-豌豆（T-P）轮作的农田.通过对农田地下水和梁王河水的同步观测及农田耕作情况的调查,发现移栽、施底肥、追肥及排水等耕作措施使地下水中TP、PO^3-₄-P、TN、NO^-₃-N和NH⁺₄-N含量在短时间尺度内有明显升高.农田作物在不同生育期对养分的吸收规律与地下水中的TP、PO^3-₄-P、TN、NO^-₃-N和NH⁺₄-N含量在长时间尺度上响应关系明显,作物处于对相应养分吸收高峰期时地下水中该养分含量就会明显降低,反之则会升高.梁王河水TP和PO^3-₄-P的含量在流域农田全处于耕作期时要比流域部分农田处于休闲期分别低5.8%和21.7%,而TN、NH⁺₄-N及NO^-₃-N含量在流域农田全处于耕作期要比流域部分农田处于休闲期分别高11.5%、242.6%和9.55%.     

光谱特征法辨识不同污染景观河道中溶解性有机物的组分与来源

利用三维荧光光谱（EEMs）结合平行因子分析方法（PARAFAC）及紫外-可见光谱技术（UV-vis）,对苏州古城区内不同污染状况的景观河道中溶解性有机物（DOM）的光谱特征和来源进行解析.结果表明,苏州古城区内景观河道水体总体上表现为氮、磷营养盐污染.水体中的DOM解析出4种荧光组分,分别为自源类色氨酸C1（λ_Ex/λ_Em=235（290） nm/349 nm）、陆源类腐殖质C2（λ_Ex/λ_Em=250（315） nm/403 nm）、类色氨酸和酪氨酸的混合物C3（λ_Ex/λ_Em=230（275） nm/319 nm）和UVA类腐殖质C4（λ_Ex/λ_Em=240（350） nm/459 nm）.相关性分析表明各个组分之间具有同源性,荧光组分与氮类营养盐和叶绿素a （Chl a）存在显著相关性,说明DOM与氮营养盐迁移转化、藻类活动有关.景观河道DOM中类蛋白类物质含量最多,类蛋白类物质的总荧光强度比例为66.36%~76.84%,类腐殖质荧光强度比例为23.15%~34.74%.在4种污染类型水体中,组分C1和C4含量没有明显差距,组分C2和C3含量差距较大,有机主导型水体中C2含量最大,无机主导型水体C3含量最大.同时分析了水体中DOM的荧光指标和吸收光谱指标,发现各种表观污染类型水体中荧光指数FI、自生源指数BIX均较大,且腐殖化指数HIX小于3.5,腐殖化程度弱,主要为内源;有机主导型水体中吸收系数a₂₅₄最大,芳香性最强.各种类型水体中吸收系数比值E2/E3均小于3.5,E2/E4较大,光谱斜率比值S_R大于1,DOM相对分子量较小,河道水体DOM的来源中内源贡献较大.     

长江口水体中氮、磷含量及其化学耗氧量的分析

以2003年11月份对长江口水体中氮、磷营养盐与化学耗氧量(COD)的调查为依据,研究了长江口水域氮、磷营养盐的形态组成以及垂直、水平分布的特点.长江口水域3种溶解态无机氮中以NO₃^--N为主,平均占到总溶解态氮(DIN)的90%以上.长江口海域中氮营养盐含量处于高水平,67%的站位达到或超过国家海水水质4类标准;长江口海域中的磷以溶解态(TDP)为主,TDP又以溶解态有机磷(DOP)为主.同时由于河口地区盐度的显著变化导致了不同形态氮、磷营养盐的分布格局.NO₃^--N受陆源排放的影响形成了口内高,外围低的格局,而NH₄⁺-N以及不同形态的磷酸盐均受到河口悬浮颗粒物浓度和盐度变化的影响,而出现口内低、外围高的格局.此外,长江口水体中COD含量严重超标,空间分布特点是口内高,外围低.     

1998~2016中国八大经济区植被覆盖对PM2.5浓度时空分布的影响

目前很少有PM_2.5污染与植被覆盖的相关性深入研究,尝试对此进行补充.基于1998~2016年的PM_2.5和归一化植被指数（NDVI）的栅格数据,以中国内地八大经济区为研究对象,对NDVI值进行3个等级划分（低植被覆盖区、中植被覆盖区和高植被覆盖区）,并计算相应等级的PM_2.5污染浓度.在此基础上,从NDVI的景观尺度和类型尺度分析PM_2.5污染的时空特征,然后利用面板数据模型定量化NDVI景观格局指数对PM_2.5的影响.结果表明：①北部沿海、东部沿海、南部沿海、长江中游和东北经济区在植被覆盖相对较低的区域,PM_2.5污染较严重;而黄河中游、西南地区及大西北经济区则在植被覆盖相对较低的区域表现出较轻的PM_2.5污染;②大部分区域的PM_2.5随时间变化呈显著上升趋势;③PM_2.5与NDVI景观格局指数相关性显著（P<0.05）的区域相对较少;④景观形状指数（LSI）、斑块面积比（PLAND）、斑块数量（NP）、最大斑块占景观面积比（LPI）和聚集度指标（AI）指数对PM_2.5的影响都表现出明显的空间异质性.     

千岛湖地区上梧溪流域基流磷输出定量研究

基于双参数递归数字滤波 （ERDF）、LOADEST模型和遗传算法,建立一种递归滤波基流负荷分割算法 （RFLSA）,对千岛湖地区上梧溪流域的基流总磷 （TP） 负荷进行分割定量.结果表明：利用遗传算法对双参数滤波日尺度退水常数和最大基流指数 （BFI_max） 进行同步优化,可以有效提高ERDF基流分割结果的准确性和可靠性 （NSE = 0.92, RSR = 0.29, R² = 0.92）;以此为基础建立的RFLSA能够实现上梧溪流域基流TP负荷的准确定量 （NSE = 0.79, RSR = 0.46, R² = 0.95）,可以作为流域尺度上基流非点源污染定量评价的一种有效方法;2020年11月—2021年10月,上梧溪流域以基流形式输出的TP负荷量为0.167 kg·hm^-2,占总径流负荷量 （0.302 kg·hm^-2） 的比例高达55.30%.基流已经成为上梧溪流域非点源TP的主要输出途径,是该地区地表河流水体一个不容忽视的重要污染源.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.