改进型波形潜流人工湿地处理猪场废水

提出了一种改进型波形潜流人工湿地(improved wavy subsurface flow constructed wetland,IW-SFCW)并研究了该湿地系统在5个水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)(2、3、4、6和8 d)下对猪场废水的处理效果。结果表明,该湿地系统对猪场废水中各污染物有较好的去除效果。在水力停留时间为4 d,进水COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP浓度分别为511、120、110和10 mg/L左右时,该湿地系统对COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别为86.0%、54.4%、70.1%和91.6%。此外,该湿地系统对废水中COD、TP的去除效率随水力停留时间的延长逐渐提高,在HRT=8 d时去除效果最好,去除率分别达到92.7%和96.8%;但对TN、NH4+-N的去除率却随水力停留时间的延长出现先上升后下降的趋势,在HRT=4 d时去除率最高,分别为54.4%和70.1%。     

管式反应器处理生活污水的效能

研发了一种基于射流曝气的管式反应设备,考察了负荷和DO对反应器处理效能的影响。实验结果表明,在温度为15℃、DO 6.0 mg/L、有机负荷为1.0 kg COD/(m3.d)、氮负荷为0.30 kg TN/(m3.d)、HRT为8 h的条件下,管式反应器可使生活污水的COD、NH4+-N及TN分别从335 mg/L、105 mg/L及110 mg/L降至43 mg/L、14 mg/L及18 mg/L,去除率分别为87%、86%和83%。DO对反应器脱氮效能影响显著,DO为6 mg/L时,能构建出同步硝化反硝化系统,NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别为96.6%和86.7%。     

MBBR-SA工艺处理模拟大豆深加工废水厌氧出水及污泥减量化

针对大豆深加工高浓度有机废水厌氧出水的特点,采用移动床生物膜反应器-沉淀池-厌氧池(MBBR-SA)工艺进行处理,重点考察了其COD去除、脱氮以及污泥减量化的性能。处理前厌氧出水水质参数为COD 1 350～1 851 mg/L、TN 45～73 mg/L和TP 35～55 mg/L。结果表明,经过70 d的运行,在最佳水力停留时间(HRT)1.68 d与最佳回流比0.75条件下,出水平均COD、TN和NH4+-N浓度分别为91.5、12.4和11.4 mg/L,分别达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》二级标准、二级标准和一级B标准,其平均去除率分别为96.0%、87.4%和88.3%;该工艺未排放剩余污泥,其表观污泥产率为0.13,比MBBR降低了43.5%,具有明显的污泥减量化特性。     

潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地污水净化效率

构建了潮汐流-潜流组合和潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地对污水进行处理,分别研究2种组合人工湿地对污水的净化效果。结果表明,在平均进水COD浓度为214．28mg／L、NH4＋-N浓度为10．57mg／L、PO34--P浓度为5．44mg／L、TN浓度为10．25mg／L,水力负荷为o．2m3／（m2·d）的条件下,潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地对COD、PO34--P的去除率分别为58．28％和46．99％,与潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地处理效果相近;对NH4＋-N、TN,潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地的去除率分别为69．93％和71．03％,比潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地分别高15％和33％。潮汐流-潜流人工湿地的组合,在系统内实现了硝化-反硝化的组合,强化了系统对TN的净化效果,其对TN的净化效果比-般的潜流和表面流人工湿地组合提高20％～30％。总体上,潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地具有更好的净化效果。     

A/O+MBR工艺处理玉米深加工废水的中试研究

实验基于企业污水站的改造工程,研究了MBR对玉米深加工废水的处理效果并对工艺运行参数优化提出建议.结果表明,该工艺对COD的去除率可以达到90％以上,出水稳定在26 mg/L左右;出水NH4-N达到1 mg/L以下;TN去除率达到70％以上,出水TN达到10 mg/L以下,出水完全达到排放标准.通过4种工况的比较,说明在污泥浓度8 g/L左右,曝气池内DO在3 mg/L左右,MBR内DO＞4 mg/L,好氧段停留时间13.5 h,并保证3h以上的缺氧段水力停留段时间的条件下,A/O+ MBR工艺可以有效去除玉米深加工废水中的污染物.     

分段进水多级生物膜反应器脱氮效能影响因素研究

采用分段进水多级生物膜反应器处理高氮低碳小城镇污水,考察负荷、溶解氧和温度对反应器脱氮效能的影响。实验结果表明:负荷、溶解氧和温度对反应器脱氮效能有显著影响。在水温为20～25℃,DO为5 mg/L,负荷为1 kgCOD/(m3.d),挂膜密度为30%,第1、3、6级分段进水,流量分配比为2∶2∶1的条件下,在反应器中可成功构建出高效同时硝化反硝化系统,出水COD、NH4+-N和TN浓度分别为33 mg/L、2.6 mg/L和29.4 mg/L,去除率分别为90.1%、96.0%和63.9%。当水温≤15℃时,硝化速率受温度的影响显著。     

一体化生物膜技术处理滨海农村污水

对厌氧-3级好氧/缺氧生物膜工艺进行技术改进,并对改进后的"一体化生物膜技术"处理低碳氮比农村生活污水进行了实际应用。新工艺增设了回流泵(回流比2∶1),且厌氧段悬浮填料装填率由原来的15%提高到30%,3级好氧/缺氧段YDT型弹性立体填料装填率依次由原来的50%、40%、25%提高到70%、60%和40%。装置连续稳定运行12个月,平均进水量为18 m3/d,HRT为3.7 d,监测结果表明:对COD、BOD、NH3-N、TN、TP和SS平均去除率分别为75.6%、85.9%、86.7%、63.9%、69.3%和85.5%;出水COD、BOD、NH3-N、TN、TP和SS的平均浓度分别在34.9、8.9、3.4、9.9、0.9和6.9 mg/L以下。改进后出水BOD和TN的去除能力有较大提高,除TP外其他各项指标均达到了设计要求。     

一体化A/O移动床生物膜反应器中DO、TN分布及脱氮效果研究

采用一体化A/O移动床生物膜法工艺,以模拟生活污水研究了该工艺的除碳脱氮效果,并对一体化移动床生物膜反应器的好氧区和缺氧区各纵向断面的COD、DO、NH₃-N、TN、NO^-₃-N和NO^-₂-N进行了检测,通过对缺氧区各断面的DO和TN浓度分布情况,分析了脱氮的产生过程。试验结果表明: 在水力停留时间HRT＝12 h,好氧区DO保持5 mg/L左右,COD进水浓度处于250～400 mg/L时,COD的去除率均在90%以上,且出水COD均在40 mg/L以下;TN进水浓度为20～50 mg/L时,NH₃-N去除率高于90%,其出水浓度可达到5 mg/L以下,脱氮效率也较高,TN去除率可达到65%～85%。COD和NH₃-N的浓度分布状况表明该一体化A/O移动床生物膜反应器的流态趋于全混式。     

蚯蚓生态滤池对农村生活污水的深度净化效果

本实验利用多级蚯蚓生态滤池对农村生活污水进行处理研究,分别考察了不同季节蚯蚓生态滤池对COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的去除效果,同时利用PCR-DGGE技术对不同季节的微生物群落进行初步分析。结果表明,夏季COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的平均去除率分别达到86.05%、89.02%、98.48%和99.1%;出水浓度17.86、4.96、0.605和0.047 mg/L。冬季COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的平均去除率分别达到83.29%、93.26%、96.96%和92.7%;出水浓度22.68、2.63、1.02和0.37 mg/L。不同季节出水水质均达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A类标准。蚯蚓生态滤池内的微生物多样性冬季的要比夏季的丰富,且冬季滤池内微生物种类从上至下逐渐增加,符合污染物去除效率的变化。     

Anaerobic treatment of high-saline wastewater using halophilic methanogens in laboratory-scale anaerobic filters.

The presence of a high concentration of sodium in wastewater is considered inhibitory for anaerobic biological treatment. This research was designed to investigate the potential use of halophilic methanogens and a mixed culture of halophilic methanogens and digester sludge, in anaerobic filters, for treatment of organic pollutants in high-saline wastewater at 35 degrees C. Data related to startup of the filters are presented. Both halophilic and mixed-culture anaerobic filters were able to operate at a sodium chloride concentration of 35 g/L, at organic loading rates (OLRs) of 6.2 and 5 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m(3) x d, respectively. The COD removal efficiency was as high as 80%, and the systems were able to maintain a low volatile fatty acids concentration of 500 mg/L. No significant difference in COD removal was observed between the halophilic filter and the mixed-culture filter. Increasing the salt concentration to 37 g/L at an OLR of 3 kg/m(3) x d caused system failure.     

漂浮植物塘处理农村分散生活污水的应用

通过现场实验评价了漂浮植物塘配合化粪池处理农村分散生活污水的效果。实验结果表明,漂浮植物有效地抑制了污染水体中藻类的生长;在平均水力停留时间为36 d,COD、TN、TP平均污染负荷分别为3.1、0.86和0.056 g/(m2.d)的条件下,大薸塘对COD、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为68.5%、89.9%和85.2%,出水COD、TN和TP平均浓度分别为47、4.15和0.40 mg/L,达到GB18918-2002中的一级A标准。在水乡地区利用漂浮植物与农村宅河构造漂浮植物处理系统,是一种深度处理化粪池出水、控制农村生活污水对河道造成污染的有效措施。     

溅水充氧生物滤池处理农村污水的研究

开发了一种处理农村污水的低能耗地埋式一体化溅水充氧生物滤池装置,通过拔风和溅水复合充氧技术实现了大幅度节能条件下的好氧生物处理.考察了在不同水力负荷及COD、NH4 -N容积负荷条件下本装置的处理效果,结果表明,在水力负荷小于10 m3/(m2·d)、COD及NH4 -N容积负荷分别小于0.3 kg COD/(m3·d)和0.08 kg NH4 -N/(m3·d)的条件下,可以取得较高的去除效果和良好的出水水质,COD、NH4 -N和TN的平均出水浓度分别为58.94 mg/L、2.78 mg/L和8.23 mg/L,平均去除率分别为51.7%、86.4%和70.6%.     

Load maximization of a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor for nitrogen removal from synthetic municipal wastewater

A novel liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (LSCFB) configured with anoxic and aerobic columns and lava rock as the biofilm carrier was used to treat synthetic municipal wastewater. Four different empty bed contact times (EBCTs) of 0.82, 0.65, 0.55, and 0.44 h were examined to optimize nutrient removal capability of the system. The LSCFB demonstrated tertiary effluent quality organic and nitrogen removal efficiencies. Effluent characteristics of the LSCFB were soluble biological oxygen demand (SBOD)10 mg l(-1) and total nitrogen (TN)<10 mg l(-1) at organic loading rate (OLR) of 5.3 kg m(-3)d(-1) and nitrogen loading rate of 0.54 kg Nm(-3)d(-1). Remarkably low yields of 0.14, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.21 g VSS g(-1)COD were observed at OLR of 2.6, 3.2, 4.1 and 5.3 kg COD m(-3)d(-1), where increment of biomass growth and detachment rate were also experienced with increasing OLR. However the system demonstrated only 30% phosphorus removal, and mass balances along the anoxic and aerobic columns showed biological phosphorus removal in the system. Organic mass balance showed that approximately 40% of the influent COD was utilized in the anoxic column and the remaining COD was oxidized in the aerobic column. The system is very efficient in nitrification-denitrification, with more than 90% nitrification of ammonium and overall nitrogen removal in the LSCFB was 70+/-11% even at an EBCT of 0.44 h.     

Performance evaluation of sequencing batch reactor for beverage industrial wastewater treatment

Attempts were made in this study to examine the effectiveness of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the treatment of beverage industrial wastewater. The SBR was operated at three different organic loading rates (OLRs): 2, 1.7 and 1.1 kg COD/m3 d. Results of continuous long-term operation showed that by decreasing OLR from 2 to 1.7 kg COD/m3 day, the removal efficiency was increased from 95.5 to 99.3% for COD, from 95.3 to 98.1% for BOD and from 87 to 97.7% for TSS. While further decreasing of the OLR to 1.1 kg COD/m3 day, there is no significant adverse effect on organics removal. Also, residual total nitrogen (TN) concentration decreased by decreasing the OLR. However, increasing the OLRs exerted a slightly negative effect on the removal of total phosphorous. On the other hand, the experimental data indicated that the substrate utilization kinetic followed Monod's kinetics model approximately. The maximum specific substrate utilization rate (micro(max), half velocity coefficient (Ks), growth yield coefficient (Y) and decay coefficient (Kd) were 2.94 d(-1), 15.22 mg/L, 0.2384 g VSS/g COD and 0.2019 h(-1), respectively.     

水力负荷和回流比对前置反硝化BAF系统处理玉米青贮液的影响

采用前置反硝化BAF系统处理玉米青贮液,在前期实验的基础上重点考察了水力负荷和回流比对COD、NH3-N、TN的去除效果。结果表明,前置反硝化BAF系统处理玉米青贮渗出液有着良好的除碳脱氮效果;在气水比为2：1、水力负荷2．60m3／（m2·h）、回流比为300％的条件下COD、NH3-N、TN的去除率分别达到89．6％、84．5％和81．3％;出水浓度分别为22．36、16．28和22．81mg／L;水力负荷影响着系统内生物膜的更新速度、生物膜的厚度以及水的剪切力大小;回流比对该系统脱氮性能有着重要影响,当回流比从50％提高到300％时TN去除率显著提高,从42．3％增加到81．3％,增加了39．0％。     

Treatment of carbofuran-bearing synthetic wastewater using UASB process

In the present study, fate of carbofuran in anaerobic environments and the adverse effects of carbofuran on conventional anaerobic systems were evaluated. Carbofuran degradation studies were carried out in batch reactors with varying carbofuran concentrations of 0 to 270.73 mg/L corresponding to a sludge-loading rate (SLR) of 2.12 x 10(-6) to 3.83 x 10(-3) g of carbofuran/g of volatile suspended solids (VSS)/d. Carbofuran concentration was reduced to undetectable levels at the end of 8 and 13 days in the batch reactors operated with a SLR of 2.12 x 10(-6) and 3.33 x 10(-5) g of carbofuran/g of VSS/d, respectively. Performances of two anaerobic reactors i.e. upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and modified UASB (with tube settlers) were evaluated in the presence and absence of carbofuran using synthetic wastewater. In the absence of carbofuran, the soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in the conventional UASB reactor at 8 h and 6 h hydraulic retention time (HRT) was nearly 88% and 76%, respectively, whereas in modified UASB reactor it was increased to 90% at 8 h HRT and 78% at 6 h HRT. When 28 mg/L (SLR of 1.19 x 10(-2) g of carbofuran/g of VSS/d) of carbofuran was introduced in the reactors, the COD removal efficiency was reduced to 41% and 44% in conventional and modified UASB reactors respectively. However, the reactor could maintain around 80% COD removal efficiency at a carbofuran concentration of 7.84 mg/L (SLR of 3.64 x 10(-3) g of carbofuran/g of VSS/d). The reactor efficiency was also measured in terms of specific acetoclastic methanogenic activity (SMA). The toxic effect of carbofuran was reversible to a certain extent. Carbofuran removal efficiency in the conventional UASB reactor at carbofuran concentrations of 7, 13 and 28 mg/L were 40 +/- 3%, 27 +/- 3%, and 11 +/- 3%, respectively. In modified UASB reactor, carbofuran removal efficiency was almost uniform at 7 and 13 mg/L but it was reduced nearly by 56% at 28 mg/L. The major metabolite of carbofuran i.e. 3-keto carbofuran was found in all the reactors.     

固定化膜生物反应器处理含抗生素污水

采用细菌固定化技术包埋活性污泥浓缩液,并利用A/O膜生物反应器处理含抗生素生活污水,考察了膜生物反应器在抗生素存在条件下降解有机物及氮素的性能,并对土霉素为代表的抗生素的去除效果进行分析。结果表明,人工模拟抗生素污水的COD、TOC、NH4+-N、TN及土霉素浓度分别为325～413、101.35～206.10、15.51～24.54、15.00～25.30和0.17～0.47 mg/L,水力停留时间为6、12和24 h的条件下,系统的出水平均COD、TOC、NH4+-N和TN分别维持在50、20、1和3 mg/L以下,对土霉素的平均去除率分别达到64%、72%和75%;研究还发现固定化膜生物反应器对进水中氨氮的波动具有良好的抗冲击负荷能力且可以延缓膜污染,正确调整水处理工艺的运行工序可以在提高水处理效率的同时有效降低水环境中的抗生素药物含量。     

Fenton氧化-序批式膜生物反应器耦合处理干法腈纶废水

采用Fenton氧化-序批式膜生物反应器(SBMBR)组合工艺处理干法腈纶废水。结果表明,在废水初始pH值为3.0,H2O2投加量为90.0 mmol/L,Fe2+投加量为20.0 mmol/L,反应时间为2.0 h的条件下,Fenton氧化预处理对腈纶生产废水的COD去除率达到47.0%以上,COD由1 091 mg/L降至560 mg/L,废水的BOD5/COD由0.32升至0.69,废水的可生化性得到显著提高。Fenton处理出水与丙烯腈废水等比例混合后,采用SBMBR进行生化处理,在水力停留时间为24 h,90 min缺氧/150 min好氧交替运行的条件下,COD、NH4+-N和TN的平均去除率分别为71.7%、97.2%和47.4%,碳源不足是限制TN去除效果的主要影响因素。在无外加碳源的条件下,组合工艺处理后出水COD和NH4+-N浓度分别为117 mg/L和1.7 mg/L,出水水质可以稳定达到国家一级排放标准(GB8978-1996)。     

水解酸化-A~2O污泥减量工艺的运行性能研究

生物处理单元采用水解酸化、多级串联接触曝气、连续流的除磷脱氮A2/O工艺,并辅以外排厌氧富磷污水侧流除磷,开发了一个新型的具有强化除磷脱氮功能的污泥减量HA-A/A-MCO工艺。用该工艺处理校园生活污水发现,在SRT60 d、进水COD 316~407 mg/L、NH4+-N30~40 mg/L、TN35~53 mg/L、TP 8~12 mg/L的条件下,出水COD≤18 mg/L、NH4+-N≤2.1 mg/L、TN≤10.3 mg/L、TP≤0.44 mg/L。研究还发现,水解酸化池处理产生的VFA能有效促进生物除磷脱氮,导致厌氧释磷量达57 mg/L,进入化学除磷池的侧流液量仅相当于进水量的13%;系统最主要的脱氮形式是SND和缺氧反硝化,SND脱氮占脱氮总量的50%,缺氧反硝化占26%;HA-A/A-MCO系统有效实现了生物相分离,并利用生物捕食作用获得较低的污泥产率,0.1 g MLSS/g COD。     

MBBR/BAF工艺降解腈类有机物的性能研究

采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)结合工艺对有机腈类废水处理进行了小试研究,以考察有机物的降解规律。经过稳定运行2个月,在两级硝化液回流比R=200%,pH=7.5,HRT=3 d的情况下,进水COD、CN-、NH3-N、TN及BOD5浓度平均值分别为3 024、38、185、305和845 mg/L时,出水COD、CN-、NH3-N、TN及BOD5平均浓度为50、0.5、10、45和17 mg/L,去除率分别为98.2%、98.7%、94.2%、85.2%和98.0%,BOD/COD比值由0.29提高到0.34,达到了《江苏省化学工业主要水污染物排放标准》(DB32/939-2006)一级排放标准。