中国实景地图服务的现状与思考

从实景地图服务网的服务内容、服务模式等角度,对比分析了国内现有实景地图服务网站的优缺点与发展趋势。结果表明:1实景地图服务内容主要包括城市实景、实景旅游、校园实景等;2实景地图服务模式主要是Web网页在线导航和移动端实景APP地图服务;3搜搜腾讯地图的街景地图在服务形式和数据质量上较好,服务达到用户期望;4实景地图开创了地理信息服务新模式,逐步成为互联网地图服务的主体模式,但在今后发展中还应进一步完善服务模式、画面质量和服务可扩展性等问题。     

从历史地图到城市文化地图的跨越——北京文化地图的对比分析

通过北京、西安、上海三个典型城市的历史地图绘制情况,从多个角度解析了城市文化地图绘制的基本思路和学术原理。城市文化地图将城市历史的时空脉络铭刻出来,呈现城市内在生命发展历史和空间立体展现历程,从历史地图到文化地图显示了地理和地理结合的跨越式进步。北京文化地图绘制不仅以欧美历史地理为学理基础,更融合了中国历史地理学学术成果;不仅剖析了城市横断面人地关系,更分析了纵剖面的历程与时空交错。总结认为,北京文化地图的绘制是以多学科理论作支撑,有望出产标志性的北京人文社会科学学术成果;是整合高校、企业、科研院所等多机构实施大兵团作战,合力进行学术攻关;是实现北京文化大发展、大繁荣的有力举措,北京文化地图将承载更多的科普、教育、研究、企业、咨询等功能。     

黄葛增压站的噪声综合治理

根据黄葛增压站周边环境状况、增压机噪声强度及频谱分析特性,结合吸音、隔音、扩容、变频、减震、阻尼等降噪原理和治理技术,提出了该站噪声最优化的治理方案。监测结果表明,黄葛增压站噪声治理后的厂界噪声达到了《工业企业厂界噪声标准》(GB12348-90)规定的三类标准要求,该治理方法切实可行。     

大连金州区城市交通噪声的监测分析与防治对策

通过对大连市金州区城市交通噪声污染状况进行调查、监测,发现城市交通噪声污染状况不容忽视,提出了扩建城市环城公路、拓展和平整路面、噪声技术治理以及加强城市交通管理等城市交通噪声综合防治的对策。     

城市噪声污染中的环境维权

环境噪声是在工业生产、建筑施工、交通运输和社会生活中所产生的干扰周围环境的声音。环境噪声按区域可分为城市环境噪声、农村环境噪声和海洋环境噪声等。城市环境噪声又可分为工业噪声、建筑施工噪声、交通运输噪声和社会生活噪声等。     

泸州市2020年区域噪声分布特征及其监测点位优化分析

在2020年泸州市区域噪声分布特征的基础上,以聚类分析和相关分析为方法提取区域噪声监测点位相关信息,优化了泸州市建成区区域噪声监测点位,从152个监测点位中优选了22个作为区域噪声监测点位。优化区域噪声监测点位提高了噪声监测效率,为噪声自动监测站点位的选取提供了技术支撑;聚类分析和相关分析揭示了噪声监测点位间的相互关联信息;综合多元统计分析成果和区域噪声分布特征是合理、科学优化噪声监测点位的有效方法。     

制作环境地图 提高学生素质——组织学生参加日本环境地图邀请赛有感

环境地图是指对某一区域进行环境调查，画出该区域的平面图，将调查的结果画在图上，然后再加上自己的分析和建议等。环境地图邀请赛旨在加强在校中小学生的环境意识，提高其户外观察、地图制作以及地图使用的技能。每年北师大地理系都要作为中方代表，联系全国各中学，组织学生参加日本旭川环境地图邀请赛。清华附中已经组织学生参加过三届，感触最深的是其对于学生多方面素质的影响。     

中国金属学会冶金环保学委会和省冶金环保监测所在蓉举办全国首次冶金系统噪声监测学习班

中国金属学会冶金环保学委会和四川省冶金工业环境保护监测研究所,于1983年10月11日在成都钢铁厂共同举办了全国首次冶金系统噪声监测学习班。来自全国24个省、市、自治区的冶金企事业单位的133名学员参加了学习。这期学习班主要学习了:噪声的基本知识;噪声的危害、评价方法及允许标准;工业噪声测量技术;噪声控制原理及基本方法等内     

基于BP模型对城市交通噪声的数据处理和预测

城市交通噪声的预测和评价技术是城市交通可持续发展的重要研究内容,直接为城市交通规划中环境容量分析和环境影响评价服务。本文通过实测的大量数据,运用神经网络中的BP模型及其算法建立车辆数、道路宽度和交通噪声之间的关系,对城市道路交通噪声数据进行处理和预测。     

卧龙河气田增压南站噪声治理

根据卧龙河气田增压南站周边环境状况、增压机噪声强度及频谱分析特性,结合吸音、隔音、扩容、变频、减震、阻尼等降噪原理和治理技术,提出了卧龙河增压南站噪声最优化的治理方案,即七台机组噪声综合治理方案。该方案可满足厂界噪声达到GB12348-90规定的三类标准要求,一次性投资费用为303万元,且便于压缩机日常维护及保养,并可进行机组就地大修。     

Objective exposure to road traffic noise,noise annoyance and self-rated poor health – framing the relationship between noise and health as a matter of multiple stressors and resources in urban neighbourhoods

Borrowing from concepts of socio-environmental epidemiology and psychology, we conceived self-rated health as a function of multiple physical and psychosocial stressors and resources at the residential neighbourhood and individual level. In this model of multiple stressors, objective exposure to road traffic noise was specified as a physical stressor whose effect on health may be mediated and modified by residents’ subjective response to noise (serious noise annoyance). Self-reported hearing disability, recreational coping in green areas and residential neighbourhood satisfaction were examined as additional psychosocial stressors or resources, independently of socio-demographic and -economic factors. Results from our empirical analysis based on two studies and multivariable logistic regressions might support the idea that environmental planning should overcome sectoral boundaries and adopt an integrative approach including objective exposures, residents’ subjective responses, and perceived resources.     

From land cover change to land function dynamics: a major challenge to improve land characterization

Land cover change has always had a central role in land change science. This central role is largely the result of the possibilities to map and characterize land cover based on observations and remote sensing. This paper argues that more attention should be given to land use and land functions and linkages between these. Consideration of land functions that provide a wide range of goods and services makes more integrated assessments of land change possible. The increasing attention to multifunctional land use is another incentive to develop methods to assess changes in land functions. A number of methods to quantify and map the spatial extent of land use and land functions are discussed and the implications for modeling are identified based on recent model approaches in land change science. The mixed use of land cover, land use and land function in maps and models leads to inconsistencies in land change assessments. Explicit attention to the non-linear relations between land cover, land use and land function is essential to consistently address land change. New methods to map and quantify land function dynamics will enhance our ability to understand and model land system change and adequately inform policies and planning.     

县级林相图GIS数据库构建及其数据质量控制研究——以四川省石棉县为例

林相图是林业基本用图,是林业生产、经营、规划设计的依据资料。林相图GIS数据库是林业GIS的基础。以石棉县为例,探讨了县级林相图GIS数据库构建的技术路线和数据质量控制方法,具有推广价值和借鉴意义。     

Multicriteria analysis of environmental quality in Taipei: public preferences and improvement strategies

The public preferences for environmental quality should be a primary consideration of planners and decision-makers in environmental systems planning. In the first stage of multicriteria analysis, a multi-attribute evaluation model for determining public preferences is formulated. The environmental indices are defined for a comparison of environmental quality in different metropolitan districts. The public preferences of the environmental quality in Taipei are obtained using the weighted average rating method. The results indicate air quality and noise pollution as main public concern. In the second stage of multicriteria analysis, strategies are proposed to improve the air quality, and criteria are established. The experts evaluated all alternative strategies according to the criteria. The alternatives are ranked applying the compromise ranking method.     

城市环境总体规划中的布局问题研究——以北京市丰台区为例

城市环境总体规划是对城市中长期环境管理的综合安排,是环境保护基础性的规划,其核心问题在于规模、结构和布局,即从城市环境、资源与生态约束角度为社会经济发展规划、城市总体规划与土地利用规划提出限制(环境、资源与生态红线),从环境承载力与发展生态适宜性分区角度为城市发展规划提出发展适度规模、结构与布局。在城市"多规融合"的实践过程中,城市环境总体规划,作为政府综合决策的重要支撑之一,可以为其他的规划编制提供约束条件以及土地供给能力测算值,使得各规划间能够相互支撑、相互融合,因此有必要先行。本文以北京市丰台区环境总体规划为例,从布局角度出发,基于区域土地资源供给能力对丰台区进行土地生态适宜性评价,并得到土地生态适宜性区划图,从而提出丰台区城市总体规划与土地利用规划的限制条件,为城市环境总体规划先行提供科学依据。     

An approach to the acoustic design of outdoor space

This paper focuses on soundscape planning, or acoustic design, in the planning and management of open space in both urban and non‐urban areas. It is based on notions, promoted over several decades, that the acoustic aspects of open space can, and should be, subject to design in the same way as are the visual dimensions. The current paradigm for the management of the outdoor acoustic environment is noise control and soundscape planning needs to adopt quite different practices from noise control with respect to acoustic criteria and measurement. The paper explores the specification of acoustic objectives for outdoor soundscapes and the translation of these objectives into acoustic criteria that are amenable to measurement and prediction as part of the design process. Such objectives, termed Proposed Acoustic Environments, focus on the information content in sounds in a particular space and, only indirectly, on characteristics such as level or loudness. Outdoor acoustic design is mostly concerned with avoiding, or achieving, the masking of one set of information in the acoustic signal with other sets of information in the same signal. These are critical methodological issues if soundscape planning is to move from being a good idea to common practice. The paper sets out the elements of a process for the acoustic design or management of outdoor space.     

基于Cadna/A软件的城市交通十字路口噪声预测研究

通过分析城市十字路口噪声源的特点,采用Cadna/A噪声模拟软件建立十字路口交通预测模型,对十字路口周边声场分布情况进行了模拟研究,研究发现在选定的十字路口,交通噪声对周边环境影响较大,面向道路一侧昼间最大噪声值为72.9dB(A),夜间最大噪声值为64.5dB(A),背向道路一侧昼间最大噪声值为65.4dB(A),夜间最大噪声值为57.2 dB(A),本次研究的成果对于交通规划、噪声评价都具有十分重要的现实意义。     

ANNOYANCE AND COMMUNITY NOISE: PSYCHOPHYSICAL MODEL OF DOSE – RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS

There is a paucity of theory pertaining to social surveys of annoyance and community noise. A new psychophysical model addresses data concerning resident annoyance in sites exposed to various maximum noise levels and different numbers of noise events. The best fits of this model point to the relevance of response variance for understanding the results obtained with category response scales. The argument identifies a number of psychological and physical variables that may influence annoyance reactions to community noise. Most importantly, the model suggests that the truncation inherent in category scales biases the responses, and that response variability may be critical in determining the detailed shape of the dose–response function. Regulatory decisions concerning annoyance and community noise should be more valid when based on a deeper understanding of the theoretical basis of the empirical data.     

通过GIS建模对电厂噪声分布进行分析

噪声分布是有规律可循的,可通过实际测量得到,但为了提高效率,实际测量也应根据规律进行.通过空间建模,对噪声分布规律进行初步分析,在此基础上进行测量,为测量噪声提供依据,并可进行有效率评估.首先进行数据组织,然后进行空间分析建模,再运行模型,可得到理想的噪声分布情况.