共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Marlies Härdtlein Martin Kaltschmitt Iris Lewandowski 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1998,10(4):221-229
The purpose of part II is to develop and to discuss a methodological approach for the practical implementation of sustainable crop production. In part I the term “sustainable crop production” has been defined and explained. Based on this definition the approach presented here entails several steps starting with the identification of the whole range of crop management measures and the emissions and other releases associated with them. Through an impact pathway assessment these releases are traced from their point of origin, the farm or production level, to their end points, namely agroecosystems and adjacent ecosystems. At the ecosystem level condition-indicators, which describe the condition of the ecosystems affected by agricultural crop production measures, need to be selected. For these condition-indicators threshold values (i.e. maximally tolerable values) have to be determined. These should not be exceeded if irreversible changes in the respective ecosystems and ecosystem compartments are to be avoided. By tracing the maximally tolerable values back along their impact pathway, they are transposed to the level of crop production. At the farm level they prescribe a framework within which agricultural crop production must remain to prevent irreversible changes in the affected ecosystems. The framework consists of production indicators and their respective threshold values (i.e. critical uses of farm inputs), which have to be adhered to in order to ensure sustainable crop production. 相似文献
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Daniela Gutberlet 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2007,19(1):17-26
Ziel und Hintergrund
Der Vergleich von Bergwerken unter dem Gesichtspunkt einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung erfordert die Berücksichtigung einer Vielzahl von Kriterien die gleichermaßen ökonomische, ökologische und soziale Aspekte berücksichtigen. Bergwerksbetreiber stehen bei ihren strategischen und operativen Entscheidungen vor der Schwierigkeit diese Kriterien angemessen zu berücksichtigen. Durch den Einsatz, der HDT wird die Komplexität der Entscheidungssituation reduziert. Sie unterstützt die Aufbereitung der verfügbaren Informationen und erleichtert so die Entscheidungsfindung.Methodik
Das Ziel einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung im Bergbau kann durch den Einsatz von Indikatoren konkretisiert werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erfolgt ein Vergleich ausgewählter Bergwerke durch die Definition geeigneter Indikatoren, ihre numerische Belegung und durch ihre Verwendung in der HDT. Dabei werden verschiedene methodische Aspekte wie die Klassifizierung von Daten, deren Aggregierung und Gewichtung sowie die Einbeziehung von Expertenwissen dargestellt.Ergebnisse
Am Beispiel ausgewählter Bergwerke wird gezeigt, dass eine Sortierung der Bergwerke anhand ihrer charakteristischen und als wesentlich erachteten Eigenschaften möglich ist. Durch den Einsatz der Hassediagrammtechnik wird die Komplexität der Entscheidungssituation reduziert. Es wird aber auch deutlich, dass mit diesem Instrument kein Verfahren vorliegt, dessen Einsatz automatisch zu einer eindeutigen Rangfolge führt. Es bleibt notwendig, die Anwendung der Hassediagrammtechnik in einen umfassen deren Entscheidungs-und Zielfindungsprozess zu integrieren.Diskussion
Die Sortierung erfolgt bewertend, d.h. sie nutzt aus, dass charakteristischen Eigenschaften von Bergwerken inhärent eine Orientierung nach ?gut’ und ?schlecht’, zugeordnet werden kann. Es wird aber auch deutlich, dass mit diesem Instrument kein Verfahren vorliegt, dessen Einsatz, automatisch zu einer eindeutigen Rangfolge führt.Schlussfolgerungen
Es bleibt notwendig, die Anwendung der Hassediagrammtechnik in einen umfassenderen Entscheidungs- und Zielfindungsprozess zu integrieren. Vorschläge zu einer Erweiterung der Hassediagrammtechnik werden formuliert.Empfehlungen und Perspektiven
Die Hassediagrammtechnik versteht sich als eine Bewertungsmethodik, die das in der Nachhaltigkeits-/Bewertungsdiskussion so gefürchtete Vergleichen von ?Äpfeln mit Birnen’ vermeidet. Als relativ neue Methode, die sich als Alternative zu etablierten Bewertungsverfahren sieht, lässt sich weiterer Forschungsbedan ableiten. 相似文献4.
Romana Brandsch Karl -Ernst Nowak Norbert Binder Bernd Jastorff 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2002,14(3):138-144
To allow ships to pass, most harbours have to be liberated from sedimented material. These sediments often contain high concentrations of tributyltin (TBT), which is used as a biocide in antifouling paints. Thus, the problem of a disposal which is acceptable with respect to a minimum risk for humans and the environment arises. The aim of our project was to assess land deposition as an alternative in dealing with TBT-contaminated harbour sediments. Therefore, we followed the biological degradation of TBT under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at different temperatures using defined laboratory experiments, and got important information about the land deposition, performing field measurements including biomonitoring. The biological degradation of TBT is faster under aerobic conditions and with increasing temperature. The half-lives found show the dependency of the degradation rates on the temperature between 5–55°C. The degradation rate determined for water under the same conditions (just biological degradation, without photolysis) is almost 4 times higher than in sediment. The field studies showed degradation rates of a maximum of 10–15% per year in untreated sediment and 30% per year in restacked sediments. We did not observe any interference of released TBT with ground water or surrounding areas. The TBT uptake in plants was low. Based on our results a multidimensional risk evaluation was performed, concerning the TBT and its degradation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutylin (MBT) released from the deposition areas. The land deposition appears to be a sustainable solution for dealing with TBT-contaminated harbour sediments. 相似文献
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Kerstin Holthusen 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2003,15(4):283-285
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E. Schröder A. Ssymank M. Vischer-Leopold M. Ersfeld 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2008,20(4):264-274
The EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) does include provisions for setting up the Natura 2000-network of protected areas based on listed species and habitats, and in addition specific regulations on species protection. Three Quarters of all designated sites (SCI’s) do not only include natural habitat types in a strict sense like forests or water-bodies, but also agricultural land. 18?% of the SCI’s even include between 25 and 50?% agricultural land and 24?% above 50?%. 48 species and three habitat types listed under the Habitats Directive have a clear focus in agriculture. Another eleven habitat types are dependant from a nature-friendly low intensity use or management. A large proportion of these habitats and species are actually in an unfavourable conservation status. The paper analyses the impact of EU nature conservation on agriculture based on the species and habitats falling under the Habitats Directive. On the other hand indirect negative influences of agriculture are discussed, that may have considerable impact on the future development of the conservation status of endangered habitats and species. 相似文献
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Mehmet Coelhan Gerda Fingerling Daniela Angerhöfer Harun Parlar 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1998,10(1):37-59
Toxaphene is a mixture of more than 200 polychlorinated C10-terpenes. Due to its persistence and long-range transport, it is distributed all over the world. Many of the components are very stable under environmental conditions, while others are easily degraded by UV-light or microorganisms. The main conversion pathway is reductive dechlorination and dehydrochlorination; oxidative degradation possibly occurs only after previous dechlorination. Accumulation especially in the aquatic environment has led in many cases to high residue levels in fish, marine mammals, and sea birds of the northern hemispere. Toxaphene is mutagenic in the Ames test and of high toxicity for fish, but few data are available on the toxicity of single components or their mode of action. 相似文献
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Quantitative investigations were made on the distribution of 21 species of Gastrotricha Macrodasyoidea and 2 species of Chaetonotoidea in 10 different tidal beach areas of the island Sylt (North Sea). Most species live in the upper few centimeters of sandy flats near the low tide level. We counted up to 989 Gastrotricha in 50 cm3 of sediment. This group comprises up to 24% of the total interstitial fauna in about 25 samples. The beach slopes are inhabited by different species which are much less abundant (up to 165 animals per 50 cm3 sediment, and up to 7% of the total interstitial fauna). Each species inhabits a distinct zone of the sand flat or the beach slope. These zones run parallel to the water line and follow one another in a characteristic succession from the sublittoral to the supralittoral. It is assumed that several factors, controlled by exposure — e.g. variations of temperature and salinity as well as oxygen avilability — are responsible for the distribution patterns observed. 相似文献
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