酸性降水研究

本文对降水酸度的变化规律，降水ｐＨ值与电导率的关系，以及ｐＨ值与降水量，降水时间的关系等方面进行了研究，建立了ｐＨ值与ＳＯ＾２－４，Ｃａ＾２＋，ＮＨ＾＋４的三元线性回归模式。     

振动位移幅值的量楔测示技术

采用涂色量楔测示正弦振动的位移幅值，是振动试验中一项实用、经济的测量技术。本文介绍了量楔式标牌的工作原理，参数关系及其应用。     

激光位移传感器动态幅值校准研究

针对目前激光位移传感器校准所存在的精度低、校准局限性大等诸多问题,本文提出了一种激光位移传感器动态幅值校准的方法。本校准方法首先采用电磁振动台激励标准结构件进行量级放大,以产生特定高频的大位移振幅;然后基于多普勒效应的激光测振仪测得的位移作为标准量,对激光位移传感器的动态幅值进行校准;最后通过一系列不同共振频率的标准结构件对不同频率下的位移振幅校准进行试验研究。研究结果表明：与现有技术相比较,本文提出的激光位移传感器动态幅值校准方法可对激光位移传感器不同频率下的动态幅值进行精确校准,对工程实际应用具有重要价值。     

原子荧光法测定含油废水中砷不确定度评定

对原子荧光法测定含油废水砷含量过程中引入的不确定度进行分析,采用线性回归标准曲线法测定,利用被测物质浓度C和相应的荧光强度值I的线性关系,建立标准曲线回归方程,并对影响含油废水中砷测量结果不确定度的来源包括砷标准使用溶液浓度、标准曲线、测量重复性、样品预处理过程等进行分析和评定,认为标准曲线绘制、测量重复性、标准使用溶液浓度是影响测定结果的主要因素。     

汽车电子辐射发射的测量不确定度评定

参照标准CISPR 25:2021《车辆、船和内燃机无线电骚扰特性用于保护车载接收机的限值和测量方法》和公司实验室的测试环境，简明阐述了汽车电子辐射发射测量不确定度评定方法，并给出了一个测量不确定度的值。通过分析影响不确定度评定的各项因素，给出了测量不确定度评定的要点和建议，为实验室进行合理评定汽车电子辐射发射测量不确定度提供参考。     

浅谈试件高矮在共振区域里位移幅值的变化

通过试验,简述了试件高矮在共振区域里位移幅值的变化情况,并提出了参考意见。     

多振动台正弦振动同步控制算法及仿真

采用正弦振动幅值控制技术和相位同步控制技术,设计出多振动台正弦振动同步控制算法。利用Matlab Simulink平台进行仿真,仿真结果表明:采用DFT谱分析四象限反正切方法能准确得到两个正弦信号之间的相位差;所设计的算法能实现多振动台在正弦振动中频率、幅值和相位的同步。提出了在多振动台正弦振动同步控制中需要注意的几个细节问题。     

火焰原子吸收法测定总铜不确定度的评定

依据线性最小二乘法的数学特性,提出采用火焰原子吸收法测定地表水中总铜的不确定度的简化评定方法,通过识别和分析不确定度源,对不确定度进行量化,计算合成标准不确定度。此方法适用于地下水、地表水和废水中的总铜含量直接法测定中不确定度的快速评定。     

用于包装的振动试验

由于振动与冲击作用的周期时间不同,可认为这两者是有差别的。振动持续的时间较长,而冲击出现的时间间隔较短。 在包装领域,因为冲击脉冲幅值往往比振动幅值大很多,所以有时候存在忽略振动的倾向。由于在各共振频率处的振幅很大,振动可能造成结构的损坏。如果被包装产品中的共振频率与包装缓冲器的频率一致或接近的话,则包装内就可能出现这种损坏现象。     

矩形双曲余弦型水深港池振荡的数值模拟

为了研究由涌浪引发的港口横向振荡,采用完全非线性Boussinesq数值模型FUNWAVE2.0模拟了双曲余弦型水深的矩形港池内(1,1)模态的横向振荡。研究表明,只有在港池底部设置微小横向坡度,才能成功地激发横向震荡;而在横向水深不变的情况下,无法激发明显的横向振荡。通过分析纵向坡度、横向坡度和入射波高对横向振荡的影响,了解了横向坡度的影响:当横向振荡幅值较小时,它与横向幅度保持线性关系;横向振荡的幅值较大时,它受到非线性强度的限制,增长缓慢。在纵向坡度较大,入射波高较小时,横向振荡的幅值经过一定时间的增长,能超过纵向振荡并主导港内的水体运动。所有横向振荡都是非线性作用的结果,而非单纯的由地形变化产生的绕射导致的。     

INTERPRETATION OF THE DUAL PROGRAM FOR OPTIMAL GROUNDWATER HYDRAULIC CONTROL1

ABSTRACT: Optimization formulations for hydraulic control that take the form of linear programs possess a corresponding dual linear program. The economic and physical interpretations of the dual linear program are examined for formulations in which hydraulic head in groundwater systems is constiained. In each case it is shown that the dual linear program has a physically meaningful interpretation. For a hydraulic gradient control formulation used for remedial analysis it is shown that the dual variable can be interpreted as the remedial benefit due to each gradient control constraint. The dual linear program maximizes the remedial benefit. The value of the dual variable can be used to compute such useful properties as the total remedial benefit of pumping at a specific location. For a formulation that optimizes aquifer yield while constraining drawdown the dual variable can be used to measure the total cost of drawdown capacity consumption per unit of pumping at a specific location. The dual program minimizes the cost of drawdown capacity consumption. By examining the meaning of the dual linear program an alternate statement of the problem under study is revealed. Quantities arising from the dual program add to the value of the optimization approach. Significant new information can be derived from existing linear optimization formulations with minimal additional computational effort.     

DETERMINING SIGNIFICANCE AND PRECISION OF ESTIMATED PARAMETERS FOR RUNOFF FROM SEMIARID WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT Significant parameters for predicting thunderstorm runoff from small semiarid watersheds are determined using data from the Walnut Gulch watershed in southern Arizona. Based on these data, thunderstorm rainfall is dominant over watershed parameters for predicting runoff from multiple linear regression equations. In some cases antecedent moisture added significantly to the models. A technique is developed for estimating precision of predicted values from multiple linear regression equations. The technique involves matrix methods in estimating the variance of mean predicted values from a regression equation. The estimated variance of the mean predicted value is then used to estimate the variance of an individual predicted value. A computer program is developed to implement these matrix methods and to form confidence limits on predicted values based on both a normality assumption and the Chebyshev inequality.     

AN ARCHETYPAL LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR OPTIMAL INTERTEMPORAL ALLOCATION OF GROUNDWATR TO AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES1

ABSTRACT: In the past, researchers have applied a variety of analytical techniques for maximizing the present value of a stock resource - simulation, calculus of variations, stochastic dynamic programming, and optimal control theory. This paper presents a more operational approach - linear programming. A simplified, broadly drawn example from Southwest agriculture is used for demonstrating the model's structure and output. The method is based on a set of state transformation operations that prevent the additivity assumption of linear programming from being violated.     

环境空气背景值中PM2．5和PM10的相关性分析

四川省大气背景站颗粒物PM2．5和PM10实时监测结果表明,两个点位的PM2．5浓度占PM10浓度分别为80．15％、68．9％,两个点位的PM2．j浓度和PM10浓度均呈显著线性关系,点位1：y=0．8634x-0．2212,R^2=0．9823;点位2：y=0．7352x-0．2142,R^2=0．7767。     

VALUE OF WATER IN IRRIGATED CROP PRODUCTION USING DERIVED DEMAND FUNCTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER IRRIGATION DISTRICT1

ABSTRACT: Water abundance has led most North American societies to use water freely without priorizing its use. As water scarcity becomes reality in the southern part of Saskatchewan, planners and managers of water require information about the value of water in irrigation, as well as in alternative uses. In this study, the value of water to the producer in irrigation is developed both for the short and long run. The basis of this imputation is a derived demand function for water using linear programming. Water demand was bound to be inelastic at lower prices, and highly elastic at higher prices. The short-run value of water varied between $0.44 and $127.82 (1986 dollars) per acre-foot for different levels of product prices. However, the long-run value was estimated between zero and $1.59 per acre-foot of water.     

OPTIMIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES FOR IRRIGATION IN EAST JORDAN1

The paper describes an approach towards optimal allocation of surface and ground water resources to three agricultural areas in the Jordan Valley under conditions of scarce water supply. The optimizing model allocates water from three main rivers, each with reservoir storage, and from two ground water sources to three irrigation regions. Productivity of irrigation water, expressed as the net present value of the regional agricultural output, but allowing for crop water deficits, is first maximized using nonlinear programming. The allocation process then adopts techniques of linear programming to determine the least cost alternative based on the unit cost of water from each resource at each destination, as it varies with time.     

用β射线衰减法测定颗粒物的准确性和有效性验证

通过在线监测系统用β射线衰减法测定空气中颗粒物的工作原理、测试数据准确性和有效性。将参比采样器监测数据(重量法)与相应的自动采样器监测数据(β射线衰减法)进行不确定评估和平行性、线性回归分析验证。从而得出,在线监测系统用β射线衰减法测定空气中颗粒物时有较好的线性关系,监测数据准确、可靠,具有一定推广价值。同时,为提高环境监测能力、加强环境执法监管提供可靠依据。     

真空采血管顶空气相色谱法检测水中三氯甲烷、四氯化碳

采用真空采血管顶空填充柱气相色谱法测定水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳,结果表明,三氯甲烷在10.0～50.0μg/L,四氯化碳在0.5～4.0μg/L浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,其r值分别为0.9994和0.9998;三氯甲烷和四氯化碳RSD分别在1.64%~2.27%和1.45%~2.40%之间;加标回收率分别在97.0%~103.5%和94.0%~103.2%之间。该方法操作简单,具有较好的灵敏度和准确度,适用于水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的检测。     

基于腐蚀损伤表征参数的铝合金预腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展修正模型

服役环境中的腐蚀介质会在铝合金表面形成以腐蚀坑为代表的典型点蚀形貌。在疲劳载荷作用下,这些腐蚀坑会有助于裂纹的萌生,加速并影响其扩展行为,威胁结构安全。考虑腐蚀坑的影响,建立了一个基于腐蚀损伤表征参数的线弹性裂纹扩展表征模型。利用航空结构中常见承力构件所采用的LD2铝合金进行验证性实验。结果表明,所建立的模型能够反映出腐蚀损伤对于裂纹扩展行为的影响,对于铝合金构件的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测和损伤容限评估具有参考价值。