生物滴滤塔处理甲苯废气

分别以生物陶粒和聚氨酯泡沫为生物滴滤塔填料,对甲苯废气进行处理,考察不同生物滴滤塔挂膜启动时间以及气体流量和甲苯质量浓度条件下生物滴滤塔对甲苯废气的去除效果。实验结果表明：生物陶粒为填料的生物滴滤塔所需要的挂膜启动时间更短;在气体流量为450L/h时,以生物陶粒为填料的生物滴滤塔甲苯去除率稳定在72%左右,聚氨酯泡沫为填料时甲苯去除率稳定在65%左右。以聚氨酯泡沫为填料时,随甲苯质量浓度提高,甲苯去除率下降幅度较小,甲苯质量浓度为1.80g/m3时,甲苯去除率仍在72%以上。     

生物滴滤塔处理氯苯废气的工艺性能

将活性污泥培养及驯化后接种于生物滴滤塔中,挂膜启动后处理模拟氯苯废气（简称氯苯废气）,考察了生物滴滤塔在挂膜启动阶段及稳定运行阶段的性能。实验结果表明：接种41 d后生物滴滤塔成功挂膜,此时氯苯去除率稳定在90%以上;生物滴滤塔稳定运行阶段,随着进气中氯苯质量浓度由303.82 mg/m³逐渐增至1 489.05 mg/m³,氯苯去除率从85.1%降至70.1%。处理氯苯废气适宜的工艺条件为：空塔停留时间超过45 s,喷淋液流量31.8 mL/min,氯苯负荷23.97~128.01 g/（m³·h）。生物滴滤塔对喷淋液的酸性环境有较好的适应性,喷淋液pH的变化对氯苯去除率无显著影响。     

生物滴滤塔处理硫化氢废气

采用生物滴滤塔去除废气中的H_2S。研究了进气量及进气浓度对H_2S去除率的影响,同时对生物滴滤塔填料表面的微生物群落进行了分析。实验结果表明:当营养液喷淋量为6 L/h、进气量为0.8 m~3/h左右、进气H_2S质量浓度在0～70 mg/m~3之内随机变化时,生物滴滤塔对H_2S的去除率能稳定达到90%以上。此时生物滴滤塔的最高负荷为5 400 mg/(m~3·h)。通过高通量测序得出H_2S去除中起主导作用的细菌为硫杆菌。     

生物滴滤法处理喷漆废气

采用生物滴滤系统处理喷漆废气,在研究了混合气体中甲苯与二甲苯之间相互作用的基础上,对生物滴滤系统净化喷漆废气的稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明:在挂膜启动阶段,进气流量为22.5 m3/h、空塔停留时间为33.9 s、进气甲苯质量浓度为400~1 500 mg/m3的条件下,最终甲苯去除率可稳定在97%以上;在总进气质量浓度为1 000 mg/m3的条件下处理甲苯和二甲苯混合气体,混合气体中甲苯与二甲苯存在相互抑制作用,且甲苯对二甲苯的抑制作用更强;在进气流量为20.0 m3/h、空塔停留时间为38.0 s、进气中总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)质量浓度为300~900 mg/m3的条件下处理喷漆废气,平均TVOCs去除率为90.84%,出口二甲苯质量浓度低于GB16297—1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》中规定的排放限值(二甲苯质量浓度为70 mg/m3),基本满足排放要求。     

生物滴滤法处理药厂混合废气的工程实践

建立了生物滴滤现场中试装置,处理某生物发酵类制药厂生产车间和污水处理设施产生的混合废气。该装置28 d挂膜启动成功,对废气中恶臭和VOCs组分有较好的处理效果,能适应现场废气浓度和气量波动的变化。总体而言,喷淋强度对处理效果的影响较小,处理气流量对处理效果的影响较大。当处理气流量大于2 845 m³/h(对应空床停留时间40 s)时,对恶臭和VOCs的去除效果不理想。当处理气流量为2 000 m³/h时,VOCs的最大去除负荷为2.003 g/(m³·h),对应的进气负荷为2.119 g/(m³·h)。对该装置中填料上的微生物进行了高通量测序,发现金属杆菌(Metallibacterium sp.)、硫单胞菌(Thiomonas sp.)、黄杆菌(Fluviicola sp.)、支气杆菌(Cloacibacterium sp.)和嗜酸菌(Acidiphilium sp.)为优势菌种。     

生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气

在常温条件下,采用生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气,考察了气体空床停留时间(EBRT)、容积负荷、喷淋密度及营养液pH对生物滴滤塔性能的影响。实验结果表明:当EBRT为90 s、进气甲硫醚质量浓度为150 mg/m~3、喷淋密度为0.65 m~3/(m~2·h),营养液pH为6.8时,甲硫醚去除率为90%;容积负荷高于15 g/(m~3·h)时,对生物滴滤塔的性能产生抑制作用;EBRT为90 s及60 s时,最佳喷淋密度分别为0.56~0.65 m~3/(m~2·h)及0.65~0.75 m~3/(m~2·h);降解甲硫醚的微生物对pH的变化较敏感,最适营养液pH为6~7。     

生物滴滤塔处理含H_2S和NH_3气体的中试研究

利用生物滴滤塔对含H_2S和NH_3气体的处理进行了中试研究.经培养驯化的活性污泥在生物滴滤塔上挂膜后,对H_2S和NH_3的去除率分别达85%和90%以上,处理后NH_3出口质量浓度小于0.2 mg/m~3、H_2S出口质量浓度小于0.001 mg/m~3,均达到GB14554-93<恶臭污染物排放标准>和TJ36-79<工业企业设计卫生标准>.对装置连续运行的稳定性研究表明,NH_3和H_2S的去除率均能保持稳定.     

用生物滴滤床处理H2S和挥发性有机物混合废气

用生物滴滤床（BTF）处理某化工厂污水站的H2S和挥发性有机物（VOCs）混合废气,当废气中H2S质量浓度为120～400mg／m^3、VOCs质量浓度为115～340mg／m^时,运行稳定后H2S和VOCs的去除率为95％和85％。考察了影响BTF运行的循环水水质情况,试验结果表明：加入Na2CO3可使循环水pH控制在3～6;循环水中含盐量、Cl^-质量浓度和SO4^2-质量浓度分别为2200～3300,600～800,1200～1400mg／L,均未达到抑制微生物的水平。     

鼠李糖脂、Fe3+及Mg2+对蜡质芽孢杆菌DL-1降解邻二氯苯的复合影响

以蜡质芽孢杆菌DL-1降解邻二氯苯,研究不同浓度的鼠李糖脂、Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺对邻二氯苯生物降解效果的影响。通过响应面优化法获得最适加入量,并考察添加鼠李糖脂、Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺的生物滴滤塔中邻二氯苯废气的处理效果。实验结果表明：鼠李糖脂、Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺的最适加入量分别为120,4.0,2.0 mg/L;在最适加入量下培养48 h后,邻二氯苯降解菌DL-1能够保持菌体完整,培养72 h后邻二氯苯去除率可达98.3%;在鼠李糖脂、Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺加入量为最适加入量、空床停留时间为60 s、进气中邻二氯苯质量浓度为1 000 mg/m³时,生物滴滤塔对邻二氯苯的去除率达到90.0%。     

用生物滴滤塔净化苯乙烯废气

用内部填充有陶粒的生物滴滤塔净化苯乙烯废气,考察了气体流量、液体喷淋量及氮源对苯乙烯废气净化效果的影响。,进口苯乙烯质量浓度为300～4500mg／m^3时,气体流量和进FI苯乙烯质量浓度对苯乙烯的去除率影响显著,当气体流量为0．3m^3／h时,苯乙烯去除率达87％以上。实验结果表明：在气体流量为0．9m^3／h时,液体喷淋量对苯乙烯废气的净化效果影响不明显;降低进口苯乙烯质量浓度和增大生物滴滤塔的有效传质面积,有利于苯乙烯的净化;用浓度为0.0017mol／L的NaNO3作氮源时苯乙烯的去除效果优于用NH4Cl作氮源时苯乙烯的去除效果。     

陶粒填料生物滴滤塔处理二甲苯废气

以两种不同的陶粒作为生物滴滤床填料净化二甲苯废气,研究了喷淋液量、气体流量、进气负荷、喷淋液中氨氮浓度及填料层高度对净化效率的影响,并对两种填料的使用效果进行了对比。结果表明：二甲苯废气进气流量越小、进气负荷越低,净化效果越好;充足的氮源是高净化率的保证;对于较高浓度的废气,需要适当增加填料层高来达到净化要求;使用具有比表面积大的陶粒作为填料,可以使设备挂膜时间更短、能耗更低,净化效率更高。     

生物膜法处理挥发性有机化合物技术

综述了生物法有机废气处理技术的国内外研究现状,介绍了生物膜法处理VICs的装置及工艺流程。重点讨论了生物滤池和生物滴滤池在设计和运行中存在的问题及填料、生物量、湿度、pH和营养物质等主要影响因素。     

Biofiltration treatment of odors from municipal solid waste treatment plants

An in situ compost biofilter was established for the treatment of odors from biostabilization processing of municipal solid waste. The concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in odors and their components were measured. Biofilter media was characterized in terms of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM), pH value and determination of bacterial colony structure. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that the main components of the produced gas were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) along with other alkanes, alkenes, terpenes, and sulphur compounds. The compost biofilter had remarkable removal ability for alkylated benzenes (>80%), but poor removal for terpenes (～30%). Total VOC concentrations in odors during the biostabilization process period ranged from 0.7 to 87 ppmv, and the VOC removal efficiency of the biofilter varied from 20% to 95%. After about 140 days operation, TN, TC, TP and OM in compost were kept almost stable, but the dissolved N, NH₄–N and NO₃–N experienced an increase of 44.5%, 56.2% and 76.3%, respectively. Dissolved P decreased by 27.3%. The pH value experienced an increase in the early period and finally varied from 7.38 to 8.08. Results of bacterial colony in packing material indicated that bacteria and mold colony counts increased, but yeasts and actinomyces decreased along with biofilter operation, which were respectively, 3.7, 3.4, 0.04 and 0.07 times of their initial values.     

Effect of Changing VOC Influent Composition on the Microbial Community Structure of TBABs

Microbial communities in trickle bed air biofilters (TBABs) were evaluated under conditions of interchanging the feed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and VOC mixtures. Three independent TBABs (Biofilter “A,” “B,” and “C”) were run under interchanging VOCs conditions with different initial VOCs. Two aromatic compounds (toluene and styrene) and two oxygenated compounds (methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)) were interchanged as single solutes. Two other TBABs “D” and “E” were run for two VOC mixtures. Biofilter “D” had a VOC mixture with equal molar ratio of the four components and Biofilter “E” received a VOC mixture with its composition based on EPA 2003 emission report. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA genes was used to assess the microbial richness in TBABs for treating the VOC mixtures and the impact of interchanging VOCs on the bacterial community structure in the biofilters. The results from DGGE indicated that the microbial community structure in the biofilter was different after each interchange of VOCs. Some bands of microbial species faded and some bands were strengthened. For the two TBABs treating VOC mixtures, the microbial species did not show significant difference, but the richness among these species was different from each other.     

二级膜分离—冷凝—吸附工艺处理石化罐区废气

采用二级膜分离—冷凝—变压吸附工艺回收处理含有高浓度挥发性有机物和苯系物的炼厂罐区外排“呼吸气”。结果表明,进气的非甲烷总烃质量浓度范围41 000~182 000 mg/m³,进气中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的质量浓度分别为400~1 400 mg/m³,150~1 600 mg/m³,300~2 100 mg/m³时,尾气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度始终低于80 mg/m³,去除率均高于99.9%,苯、甲苯和二甲苯的去除率分别为99.6%、99.6%和99.8%。抗冲击负荷实验将进气量提高50%,尾气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度仍低于80 mg/m³。二级膜单元可以高效浓缩轻烃,既回收获得可燃气,又解决了轻烃积累所造成的尾气超标难题。     

Performance of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter: A Comparative Study of a Hydrophilic and a Hydrophobic Voc

Two lab-scale trickle-bed air biofilters were operated for investigating the difference in performance between a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic volatile organic compound (VOC). Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and styrene were selected as a model hydrophilic and hydrophobic VOCs, respectively. Effects of loading rates, biofilter re-acclimation, removal profile along biofilter depth, nitrogen consumption, and CO₂ production were compared under three operating conditions, namely, backwashing and two non-use periods (starvation and stagnant). Consistent over 99% removal efficiency up to loading rates of 3.26 kg COD/m³-day was obtained for the MIBK biofilter at 0.76 min empty bed retention time (EBRT) and 1.5 L/d nutrient flow. A similar performance for the styrene biofilter was obtained for loading rates up to 1.9kg COD/m³-day at 2.02 min EBRT and 2.4 L/d nutrient flow. The MIBK biofilter required only an initial acclimation period of 16 days while styrene biofilter required 46 days. Non-use periods can be used as another means of biomass control for both biofilters when the employed loading rate did not exceed 1.27 and 2.17 kg COD/m³-day for styrene and MIBK biofilters, respectively. The re-acclimation of both biofilter was delayed with increase of loading rate. MIBK biofilter re-acclimated in 90 min, while styrene biofilter re-acclimated in more than 600 min. Under similar loading rates, MIBK biofilter utilized less biofilter depth than styrene biofilter. Nitrogen consumption behaviors were apparently different between the two biofilters. Styrene biofilter had higher CO₂ production than MIBK biofilter and its CO₂ production was closely related to the theoretical complete chemical oxidation.