乡村(农村)、城镇(城市)与区域(空间)之间的内涵关系辨析

在回顾国内城镇与城市之间的三种内涵关系模式及乡村与农村之间的两种内涵关系模式的基础上,对农村与乡村,城市与城镇,空间与区域的有关概念进行了辨析,并对相关概念的运用标准进行了界定。然后以2000年中国少数民族人口普查数据为案例,从定量与定性的角度,对以上概念分别做了进一步的实例对比分析。最后,分析了城镇与乡村以及城镇、乡村与区域之间的相互作用关系。中国城镇与乡村的主要关系体现为乡村城镇化道路应该是城镇化与逆城市化同时并举;城镇、乡村与区域之间的关系体现在区域可分为城乡区域与非城乡区域两大类,当然,两大区域内部还可以细分,因为区域可以按照一定的标准无限分成大小不同的次级区域,并且不同特性的区域还可以组合成具有另一特征的区域。     

西北四城镇大气粉尘重金属元素研究

受自然环境和人为因素影响，我国西北地区城市大气中含有较多粉尘、粉尘听 重金属元素被人体吸收后，可导致一系列疾病，通过对四典型城镇的降尘采样，发现工业发达，人口稠密城市的粉尘有毒重金属元素含量高；工业不发达的小城镇粉尘有毒重金属元素含量低。西北城镇粉尘主要有毒重金属元素是铅与砷。机动车、燃煤烟尘及工业粉尘是西北城镇大气粉尘有毒重金属元素的主要来源。     

中小城镇环境规划中循环经济理念的拓展

我国小城镇环境规划作为社会经济发展计划的有机组成部分，是促进城镇的环境管理和可持续发展的重要手段。循环经济是生态型经济，在小城镇环境规划中引入循环经济理念并对其指标和内容进行拓展，目的是实现资源的高效利用和不断循环，使城镇经济发展更适应环境保护和生态循环的需要，是未来重要的发展趋势之一。     

华南地区11种高等水生维管植物净化城镇污水效益评价

采用定标，单项评分和综合评价的方法，从净化功能力，抗逆性，管理、资源化程度和景观５方面，对华南地区筛选出的１１种高等维管植物净化城镇污水效益进行了评价，结果表明黑藻，假马齿苋和水筛对污水的净化能力与风莲相当，而综合效能优于风眼莲，评价结果为城镇污水的处理提供了新的资料。     

试论神农架地区绿色食品生产基地建设

分析了神农架建设绿色食品基地的自然优势条件和农业资源特点，提出发展山区，河谷，城镇基地，创建名牌资源品种的建设方针。     

华南地区11种高等水生维管植物净化城镇污水效益评价

采用定标、单项评分和综合评价的方法，从净化能力、抗逆性、管理、资源化程度和景观５方面，对华南地区筛选出的１１种高等维管植物净化城镇污水效益进行了评价。结果表明：黑藻、假马齿苋和水筛对污水的净化能力与风眼莲相当，而综合效能优于风眼莲。评价结果为城镇污水的处理提供了新的资料。     

城镇粪便、易腐性生活垃圾、生活污水真空分类收运系统及资源化

对我国城镇粪便、易腐性生活垃圾、生活污水传统排放和处理模式的缺陷和存在的问题进行了分析。提出城镇粪便、易腐性生活垃圾、污水新型分类收运及快速制造有机复合肥系统，对其流程、原理、技术指标和社会、生态、经济意义做了简明的介绍，并与传统重力冲水排污系统从多方面进行了比较。     

城镇体系规划初探

本文阐述了城镇体系规划体系的作用的基本原则，并以衡阳市为例对城镇体系规划编制的任务、编制重点及主要内容等方面进行了一定的探讨．     

苏锡常地区的城市化及其资源环境胁迫作用

城市化是当今世界发展的重要特征，城市化的发展在促进社会进步的同时也对生态环境产生了一系列负面影响。以苏锡常地区为案例，从城镇数量的变化、城镇规模的变化、经济结构的转换以及非农业人口比例的变化这4个方面分析了该地区的城市化特征和过程，并对其生态环境胁迫作用进行了定性和定量的分析。结果表明：苏锡常地区城市化的速度快、程度高，其带来的资源环境胁迫作用是很明显的。     

对重庆城镇网络建设的探讨

在分析重庆直辖市城镇化现状的基础上,针对重庆城镇网络中存在的问题,依据重庆发展城镇网络的优势,提出了建立新的城镇网络扔基本思路和构想,相关的对策与建议。     

Comparison of four different methods for reliability evaluation of ecotoxicity data: a case study of non-standard test data used in environmental risk assessments of pharmaceutical substances

Part 2 presents measures at the city scale, which are distinguished into object- and area-related means. The former ones include emission reduction, energy gaining and saving, as well as the climate-improving impact of rooftop and façade greening. Area-related means refer to the reduction of radiation temperature through shading and transpiration as well as impact of urban green areas of different size on the urban climate. Furthermore the opportunities to use subsurface urban heat island as an energy-reservoir for cooling or heating are discussed.     

Urban development and landscape change in the Yangtze River Delta region in China

The impact of large-scale urban development on land resources has long been debated by urban planners and designers. This study investigated the extent to which different urban characteristics are associated with land-cover change. The Yangtze River Delta region in China, forming one of the largest sprawling urban landscapes among the regions around the world, was chosen for the study area. Spatial analysis and multiple regression methods were applied to empirically investigate the pattern of resource sites lost to urban development in the area between the 1950s and 2017. The results showed that contrary to the widespread notion that large-sized cities are predominantly responsible for a region’s environmental degradation, city size was not a significant factor in determining the rate of resource loss. Large-sized cities gained their populations with far lesser impacts on land than small-sized cities and towns if normalized to the same number of populations. One explanation for the diminishing effect of city size on land-cover change relates to the degree of spatial dispersion of urban development and local differences in social valuation of diversified lands by cities.     

天津市创建国家环境保护模范城市的战略思考

根据天津市“十五”计划纲要提出的“实施可持续发展战略,建设生态城市”的要求,在大量调查研究的基础上,从天津的实际出发,本着与时俱进的精神,创造性地提出天津市生态城市建设两步走,把创建国家环境保护模范城市作为生态城市建设的基础和初级阶段的战略构想,文章深入地阐述了天津市“创模”的必要性,迫切性和得大意义。根据国家的标准,客观地,实事求是地分析了天津“创模”的基本条件,存在的突出问题,努力方向。提出了天津“创模”的目标任务,措施和建议。     

近六、七十年来兰州城市发展对城市气候环境的影响

用城郊对比法研究了近六、七十年来兰州城市发展对城市气候环境的影响。通过六、七十年来的气象记录、近年来的环境监测记录及实时遥感图象定量的研究工业发展以来兰州城市气候环境的变化。通过研究发现随着城市的发展兰州的大气、光热,湿度、降水、风场等气候环境趋于恶化,工业化及城市发展造成的气候环境的变化已经危及了人们的生产、生活,同时对整个生态环境的破坏也到了非常严重的地步。结合气候环境恶化的趋势,提出了改善气候环境的具体办法。     

Relating fruit and vegetable consumption in households with residue generation and utilization in the city of Heraklion,Crete, Greece

Questionnaires regarding the amount of nine kinds of fruit and ten kinds of vegetable (including potatoes) consumed on a weekly basis were distributed to 82 different households in the city of Heraklion (population approximately 200,000), capital of the island of Crete, at the southernmost point of Greece. The city is the fourth largest in the country, in which, according to the answers collected through the questionnaires, the educational level of parents was 24.4%, 50.0% and 25.6% with primary, secondary and higher education, respectively. Families with higher parental education consume more fruit (283 g/person day^?1) than families having a secondary and primary parental educational level (265 and 195 g/person day^?1, respectively). As far as vegetables (excluding potatoes) are concerned, families with secondary and higher parental education consume more (357 and 311 g/person day^?1, respectively) than primary educated parents and their family members, who, however, consume larger quantities of potatoes (206 g/person day^?1) than the other two groups. While these values are higher than the minimum amount of fruit and vegetables suggested by the World Health Organization, they are lower than the amounts suggested as optimum for a healthy diet. The mean residues produced from these foods per person participating in the survey were estimated at 202 g/day. Based on this value, a city of the size of Heraklion produces a total of more than 40,000 kg/day of waste derived from fruit and vegetables. An integrated educational and environmental programme aiming to improve people's dietary habits as well as promote waste source separation schemes, would result in increasing both the amount of fruit and vegetables consumed as well as the amount of similar 'green kitchen residues' that would be recycled through composting instead of being lost as land-fill. It is estimated that the high-quality compost which could be produced through a complete implementation of such a programme would allow the production of more than 3500 ton of high-quality compost annually.     

江西生态城市建设及其效益

从工农业生产水平、财政收入、社会发展水平、城乡居民收入水平、森林覆盖率等指标评估宜春市实施生态市建设所取得的实际效益,通过比较现有发展水平与规划指标得出,生态市建设实施十五年以来,宜春市基本达到了规划的经济发展、教育、科技、文化、人口发展控制目标、人民生活提高目标和生态环境控制目标,分析了生态市试点建设中存在的问题,提出了今后生态城市建设的建议。     

城市生态环境

在自然生态环境基础上,描述了城市生态环境发展规律和特征。包括与城市生态系统的辩证关系、城市生态环境的整体性、开放性和负荷能力等。分析城市生态环境效应,探讨城市生态环境容量、结构与功能。     

都江堰市生态市建设

将都江堰市建设成我国西部第一个国家级生态市,该市地处我国大地形中第一阶梯向第二阶梯过渡地带,具有物种、生态系统和景观多样性优势;是古代著名水利工程都江堰的所在地,对于成都市和成都平原起着水资源调控和生态屏障作用。该市是著名风光名胜区和旅游城市,具有城市、农村、高中山、丘陵、平原、水域等广泛的功能示范意义。都江堰市具有建成生态市的良好自然条件和社会经济基础,但也面临着严峻的挑战。生态市建设的重点是要保护和发挥该市亚热带的自然生态系统的服务功能,开发与生态良性循环相协调、与环境友好的产业,构建起循环经济的体系和经营机制,建成风光秀美、经济发达、社会文明、人居环境舒适的城市。     

城市生态的氧平衡研究：以南京市为例

城市化地区人的生态及其产业活动强度大、范围广，对氧的收支关系反应敏感。空气中氧的平衡能力及其可持续性，是促进城市社会经济与环境协调发展的基本条件，按南京总体规划确定的主城．中心城市围及市域三个层次的格局，主城的氧亏可从城乡结合部的制氧空间得到足够的补偿。中心城市圈自身耗氧低，对主城的外延发展，卫呈城镇的工业化，新增大型耗能企业的布点均有较强的氧平衡能力，维护城市生态氧平衡的关键措施是建设城市生态防     

江门市区冬季地表热环境与土地覆盖类型关系的研究

应用美国陆地资源卫星Landsat ETM＋影像资料,反演了江门市区的地表温度（LST）,并提取研究区的NDVI、NDBI和MNDWI指数。分析了江门市区冬季LST的空间分布特征及城市地表热环境与土地覆盖类型之间的关系。结果表明：江门市区LST分布具有空间差异性,不同土地覆盖类型有较大差异,存在城市热岛效应;LST与3种归一化指数存在相关性,其中LST与NDVI存在非线性相关、与NDBI存在线性正相关、与MNDWI存在线性负相关。