木材检查站建设与发展浅探

木材检查站既是林业部门的基层执法单位,也是森林资源保护和监督的主要屏障.通过分析湖南省木材检查站建设与发展现状,剖析木材检查站建设与发展中存在的问题.从检查站布局、检查方法、机构编制和经费、规范化建设等层面探讨木材检查站建设与发展存在的问题的解决对策.     

“十五”规划期上海城市生态环境建设的战略重点与对策

评价了上海市的生态环境现状和制约因素,从人口结构优化,城乡融合规划,清洁生产与ISO1400认证,绿地生态建设,环境,环境教育与组织建设等方面研究了“十五”规划期间上海城市生态环境建设的战略重点与对策。     

旅游规划中存在的问题及解决对策研究

改革开放以来,随着国际旅游的蓬勃发展,国内旅游业一日千里.旅游产业的繁荣带来了一浪高于一浪的旅游规划热潮,但这只是量上的表面繁荣,由于旅游规划发展中固有的政策制度、技术手段、经营管理等一系列的问题,使得我国许多旅游规划的质量低劣.因此,必须根据旅游规划发展的内在规律,探讨解决这些问题的具体对策.     

衡阳城市特色建设的问题与对策

通过对衡阳城市建设现状的研究，分析了衡阳城市特色建设存在的障碍，提出了全方位启动衡阳城市特色建设工程：大兴文明创建，打造经济航母，弘扬船山文化，梳山理水，重整山河，建设衡阳城市特色．     

河北省自然保护区现状调查与规划研究

在河北省自然保护区现状调查的基础上,探讨目前自然保护区建设中的主要问题,并对河北省自然保护区规划和对策进行研究。     

小流域管理与规划信息系统研制

以江苏省溧阳市同官片流域为例,通过建立小流域管理与规划信息系统,探求流域治理新模式,以促进流域经济的良性发展。简要介绍了基于小流域的系统设计和建立方法,系统的功能及其应用实例。     

济宁生态市规划与建设途径

生态市是实现城市社会—经济—自然可持续发展的一种模式和过程。以山东省济宁市为例,提出了济宁生态市建设的战略措施。从资源型城市的产业生态转型、水体和矿山的自然生态修复和孔孟文化的人文生态振兴3方面提出了建设目标;建设框架包括自生型生态环境、竞争型循环经济和共生型和谐社会。主导产业和循环经济建设要促进传统农业和矿山开采型产业向静脉产业、阳光产业、物流产业、文化产业和旅游产业的生态转型;从水资源、水环境、水生态、水景观、水安全和水文化建设几方面提出了水资源保护与水环境治理的综合措施;最后提出了济宁市煤矿塌陷区的生态修复对策和生态文化建设策略。     

GPS控制网起算点个数与分布的探讨与分析

GPS定位以其高精度、全天候、操作简便、观测时间短等优点广泛应用于各种测量控制网的建立。在提出GPS控制网起算点的要求的基础上,通过两个关联的实例验证GPS控制网起算点的个数及其分布的优化方案,得出一些有益的结论,对相关的生产实践工作具有一定的借鉴作用。     

湖南省境内长江中上游防护林体系建设第一期工程的进展

长江中上游防护林建设第一期工程1990年在湖南省境内启动实施以来,先后在全省33个县(市、区)开展了工作,共完成投资22 284.8万元,重点造林工程项目主要采取人工植苗造林、低效林改造、封山育林和幼林抚育等 4种方式,在整个长江防护林建设工程过程中始终坚持良种壮苗技术的推广和造林树种选择及其造林技术的研究。长江防护林建设重点工程占43.84%,一般营造林占56.16%;该建设工程获得的生态效益总计达到51 980.87万元,直接经济效益共计706 283.63万元,为社会提供了43.6万个劳动力一年就业岗位,文末还指出了该建设工程中存在的5个方面问题及3项对策。     

景观规划与管理及其相关领域研究的新进展

景观规划与管理是景观生态学应用研究的热点,是以景观异质性和景观功能的定量研究为基础,以3S和模型模拟方法为技术支撑的综合性应用领域,它是沟通景观生态学理论研究和实践运用的桥梁。景观规划与管理和景观结构、景观功能与景观动态以及景观尺度、景观过程及景观格局等具有密切的联系,上述方面的相关理论与方法,共同支撑着景观规划与管理的客观实践。景观异质性是景观规划与管理的重要理论基础,景观功能是景观规划与管理的现实目标,景观生态研究方法是景观规划与景观管理的技术保障。20世纪90年代以来,随着学科的交叉与融合,景观规划与管理领域取得了一系列新进展,主要表现在理论、方法和应用方面的研究愈加广泛和深入,景观规划与管理方式也越来越智能化与人性化;景观规划管理的发展也在一定程度上推动了景观异质性、景观功能和景观研究方法的发展。目前,相关学科方法和技术的交叉融合成为研究景观规划与管理的重要趋势,3S和模型交叉融合促进景观规划与管理方法向着多元化、数字化和可视化发展。随着景观规划管理现实应用领域的拓展,景观异质性和景观功能在理论、方法、应用方面的研究进一步深化。     

江苏省铜山县汉王乡生态农业建设规划

运用生态经济学原理，在对汉王乡生态经济系统进行现状分析、模型诊断和预测的基础上利用多目标规划方法，提出了该生态经济系统１９９５年和２０００年生态农业建设规划方案。结果表明，按此方案实施后，系统现有资源将会得到持续、合理的利用，经济、生态和社会效益将显著提高。     

Land-use planning of Minoo Island,Iran, towards sustainable land-use management

Land-use planning is one aspect of sustainable development that determines the integrity of socioeconomic and ecological nuance. Land evaluation is an approach to sustainable land-use planning, which predicts the capability of the land-use system. This means that a specific land area should be under specific use, considering certain factors and characteristics of the land and its location. In other words, lack of proper information on land capability and rational and irrational use of land leads to destruction of land resources. This paper discusses the findings of ecological and socioeconomic resource issues for Minoo Island and the surrounded zone. The study covers an area of about 172km² in southwest Iran. To establish environmental unit maps, digital layer maps of the soil texture were overlapped. The study empirically established that the area has the capability to accommodate ‘levels two’ urban and industrial development. Moreover, Minoo Island is considered to have potential for conservation and ecotourism, with a 60% potentiality for dryland farming.     

Comprehensive urban planning and management at multiple scales based on ecological principles: a case study in Beijing,China

SUMMARY

Rapid urbanisation and serious environmental problems have led people worldwide to realise the significance of urban planning and management towards a sustainable environment. Beijing was used as a case study to develop a framework and strategies for sustainable development using ecological principles. At the regional level, Beijing-Tianjin agglomeration and Hebei Province are considered together. At the Beijing administrative level, some important measures are put forward for revision of the Beijing Urban Master Plan. At the Beijing plain level, the future spatial structure of Beijing city and the relationship between settlements, green space and transportation are considered, and three basic development patterns are proposed. At the inner district level, the ecological corridor system is suggested, based on ecosystem services. At the selected area level, a comprehensive strategy and key measures for conservation and renewal of old Beijing city core are provided. Once strategies for Beijing urban development are implemented step-by-step, a vision for future development can be achieved. This paper provides considerations for improvement of urban planning and management in China and other countries.     

深入开展“土壤与环境”问题的研究

土壤与环境问题是现今国际土壤学界共同关心的重大问题。我国的土壤与环境问题日益突出,这将直接影响到我国在２１ 世纪的社会经济发展。根据我国的具体情况, 提出了在我国开展土壤与环境问题研究的重点课题。     

珠江三角洲农业现代化指标体系应用研究--以广州市白云区神山镇为例

研究应用定量化的珠江三角洲农业现代化标准评价体系,对神山镇进行农业现代化评价与规划,同时探讨构建适宜该镇农业生产的农业生态系统应用模式.     

Physical planning in the coastal region of Zeeland, the Netherlands

The Dutch province of Zeeland is situated in the southern part of the Delta region. The geographical location of the province and its history of inundation, land reclamation and dam-building, clearly illustrate the importance that water always has had and still has in The Netherlands. Coastal defence projects are of utmost importance for The Netherlands and the Delta Project is the crown project. The importance of this project does not only regard the protection against the sea; the Delta dams also contribute considerably to the regional infrastructure. They are a important contribution to the abolishment of the former isolation of the region. They control inland navigation and form important boundaries for water management. They separate salt, brackish and fresh water as well as waters with or without tidal-influence and they also influence the ecological systems in and along the waters. Through physical planning, including the coastal policy of today, land and water can be further integrated. This paper discusses the role of the Province in area planning, related to the division of labour between the various public authorities in The Netherlands: state, provinces and municipalities. Coastal and water policy at the provincial level have been largely integrated with relevant other interests. It may be concluded that regional planning and coastal policy are beginning to adopt a new view towards dealing with water.     

试论我国乡村景观的特点及乡村景观规划的目标和内容

乡村景观是指乡村地域范围内不同土地单元镶嵌而成的嵌块体，以农业特征为主，是人类在自然景观的基础上建立起来的自然生态结构与人为特征的综合体。随着城镇化进程的加快，我国乡村景观将面临着前所未有的变化。如何保护乡村景观的特色和完整性，充分挖掘乡村景观的生态和文化旅游价值，使其形成高效、完整并具有传统特色的多功能的乡村地域，是21世纪乡村可持续发展的重要任务之一。文章首先界定了乡村景观的概念和内涵，指出了我国乡村景观的主要特征；然后探讨了乡村景观规划与土地利用之间的关系，认为乡村景观规划是未来我国乡村持续发展的重要手段；最后系统地讨论了我国乡村景观规划的目标和内容。     

Social network effects on the adoption of sustainable natural resource management practices in Ethiopia

Soil loss, nutrient depletion and land degradation contribute to the skimpy performance of smallholder agriculture and pose serious policy challenges in developing countries. Surprisingly, natural resource management practices that enhance sustainability while improving productivity have not been fully adopted despite continuous efforts of promotion. Using data collected from 2901 farm households in the Farmers Innovation Fund (FIF) of the World Bank, this study examines factors delaying adoption of resource management and farming practices from the perspective of social learning and network size. Specifically, the study aims at identifying the extent to which differences in network structure matter in providing opportunities to learn about new ways of sustainable resource management practices using regression analysis. The result confirms that social network size plays a significant role in enhancing adoption of natural resource management practices. Moreover, external sources of information such as extension provision play a crucial role in enhancing adoption of resource management practices. Thus, future endeavours should link extension services to informal networks to enhance adoption of sustainable natural resource management practices.     

Fundamental insights on when social network data are most critical for conservation planning

As declines in biodiversity accelerate, there is an urgent imperative to ensure that every dollar spent on conservation counts toward species protection. Systematic conservation planning is a widely used approach to achieve this, but there is growing concern that it must better integrate the human social dimensions of conservation to be effective. Yet, fundamental insights about when social data are most critical to inform conservation planning decisions are lacking. To address this problem, we derived novel principles to guide strategic investment in social network information for systematic conservation planning. We considered the common conservation problem of identifying which social actors, in a social network, to engage with to incentivize conservation behavior that maximizes the number of species protected. We used simulations of social networks and species distributed across network nodes to identify the optimal state-dependent strategies and the value of social network information. We did this for a range of motif network structures and species distributions and applied the approach to a small-scale fishery in Kenya. The value of social network information depended strongly on both the distribution of species and social network structure. When species distributions were highly nested (i.e., when species-poor sites are subsets of species-rich sites), the value of social network information was almost always low. This suggests that information on how species are distributed across a network is critical for determining whether to invest in collecting social network data. In contrast, the value of social network information was greatest when social networks were highly centralized. Results for the small-scale fishery were consistent with the simulations. Our results suggest that strategic collection of social network data should be prioritized when species distributions are un-nested and when social networks are likely to be centralized.